高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 核心考點總動員 專題39 閱讀填空（二）（含解析）

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專題 39 閱讀填空（二） 關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀理解,推理,詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn),邏輯,語境 難度系數(shù)：???? 推薦指數(shù)：????? 【基礎(chǔ)回顧】 考點歸納： “七選五”型閱讀理解題，試題模式為：給出一篇缺少五個句子的文章，對應(yīng)有七個選項，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處。《考試說明》對該題型命題目的的表述為“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。” 　　此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個空填錯勢必又影響到對另外一個空的選擇。另外，此題有5個空白處，卻提供7個選項，因此有2個選項是多余的干擾選項，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。 　　該題型要求同學(xué)們從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強的意識和熟練的把握。 基礎(chǔ)必讀： 代詞指代型 　　英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。 2015全國卷Ⅰ]Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. 36.________ Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. B．It is putting confidence in someone. 36．B　根據(jù)前一句“Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences.”可知選B。選項B中的it代指上文出現(xiàn)的trust。 2015全國卷Ⅱ] When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.__37__．As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. E． If they still feel good，you can begin running in them 【技能方法】 1)如果問題在段首 　　(a)通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。 　　(b)與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段?！　? 　　(c)段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。 　　2)如果問題在段尾 　　(a)空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句，重點閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。 　　(b)通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。 　　(c)與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關(guān)系。 　　(d)與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細節(jié)，因此根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關(guān)的特征詞，通常在選項中會出現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他信號線索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句，通常會找到關(guān)鍵的線索詞句。 　　(e)所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。 　　(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認真閱讀，看此處是細節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。 　　3)如果問題是一整個自然段 　　(a)這個段落應(yīng)該是承上啟下，而且自成一體，即有一個段落的中心，因此可重點閱讀選項中較長的選項，以此類推直至找到正確答案。 　　(b)著重閱讀前一段結(jié)尾和后一段開頭的一兩句查找相關(guān)的線索，而且重要線索通常會在后一段開頭，因此后一段開頭往往比前一段結(jié)尾更為重要。 　　(c)分析段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意段落間的銜接手段。將選項代入原文，如果前后內(nèi)容連貫，符合邏輯，就能得出正確答案。 【基礎(chǔ)達標】 【湖南省郴州市2017屆高三上學(xué)期第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Do you want to know how to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle? Here is a short list of ways that you can help protect the environment. ★Prevent energy leaks（泄漏）at home. Heating and cooling can make up to 50 percent of your energy bill each month. 36 So youll save money and reduce your influence on the environment. ★Plant trees in your yard and community. Everyone knows that planting trees can help the environment. 37 Trees cool your home, reducing the energy used for cooling. Trees improve mental health. Trees reduce noise pollution. ★ 38 If you use ceiling fans during hot summer days, you can create a cooling environment. A few ceiling or regular fans properly placed in your home can reduce the amount of time you spend with the air conditioning on. ★Use solar energy more often. 39 There are lots of inexpensive solar products you can try out. For example, solar-powered lights. How about solar cell phone chargers? Additionally, there are many forms of passive solar energy that can help you take advantage of the sun. ★Think about green transportation. Just sit and think about a few environmentally friendly ways you can get from one place to another. 40 You can walk or bike to the corner store. Walking instead of driving to a store is a great way to help the environment! A. Trees have many good influences. B. Use natural wind to dry your clothes. C. There are many ways to use solar power. D. Use ceiling fans to cool off in summer. E. You can take a bus when going to the movie theater. F. Turn off lights and electronic devices when youre not using them. G. You can heat and cool your home more efficiently by fixing leaks. 36. A 考查對上下文語境的理解?？涨暗囊馑际牵好總€人都知道種樹對環(huán)境有益；空后的意思是：樹木能使你的家里變的涼爽。所以這里選A（樹木有很多好的作用。）與上下文一致。 37. D考查對上下文語境的理解。空后的意思是：如果你夏天用吊扇，那么你就創(chuàng)造了一個清爽的能源。所以這里選D（在夏天用吊扇來散涼。）與上下文一致。 38. C考查對上下文語境的理解?？涨暗囊馑际牵焊嗟氖褂锰柲??？蘸蟮囊馑际牵河泻芏啾阋说奶柲墚a(chǎn)品，你可以試試。所以這里選C（有很多方式使用太陽能。）與上下文一致。 39. E考查對上下文語境的理解。空前的意思是：坐著想想還有什么從這兒到那兒的環(huán)境友好的生活方式?？蘸蟮囊馑际牵耗憧梢圆叫谢蛘唑T自行車到街角的商店。所以這里選E（當(dāng)你去電影院的時候你可以乘公交車。）與上下文一致。 考點：考查七選五短文。 【能力提升】 【河南省開封市2017屆高三上學(xué)期定位考試（10月）英語試題】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Nowadays it’s not easy to find a suitable job. Follow these tips, and possibly you can find a job that suits your personality. ● List your strong and weak points Before you start your job search, take some time to think about your strong and weak points. 36 If you are excellent at managing your time, for example, a job in project management, or one that involves organizing others, could be perfect. ● Ask others for their opinions Although you should know yourself better than anyone else, there are times when a second opinion is needed. 37 They may come up with ideas that you haven’t considered. You should, however, make sure that they aren’t so protective of you that they persuade you not to push yourself, or encourage you so much that you aim too high. ● Find out what potential jobs involve 38 Make sure you do as much research as possible to determine exactly what you will have to do. An office job may sound very safe if you are shy, but if you then find that you have to give regular presentations, you may not be cut out for it after all. ● 39 When looking for a job, many people have an idea of what they would like to be in the future. However, that is often little more than a dream and, even if it’ s possible to reach that goal, it may involve years of hard work that you don’t enjoy. 40 If you can find a job that mirrors what makes you happy in life, it is likely that you will enjoy it and it will match your personality type. A. Take a personality test B. Consider what delights you C. Think about what makes you happy and then analyze why. D. Finding a job that suits your personality is very easy and interesting. E. Ask your friends and family what sort of job they think would suit you best. F. Sometimes, it isn’t immediately obvious what a job will involve until you start it. G. More importantly, think about how they would affect your ability to do particular jobs. 37.E 考查對上下文語境的理解。空前的意思是：盡管你比任何人都更了解自己，但是有時候有一個不同的觀點也是需要的；空后的意思是：他們可能會提出你沒有考慮的想法。所以這里選E（問你的朋友和家人，他們認為哪種工作更適合你。）與上下文一致。 38.F考查對上下文語境的理解?？蘸蟮囊馑际牵捍_保你做了大量的研究來決定你必須做什么。所以這里選F（有時候直到你開始工作時，你才會知道工作包含什么。）與上下文一致。 39.B考查對上下文語境的理解。空前的意思是：空后的意思是：許多人在找工作時都會想在未來工作會是什么樣子。。所以這里選B（考慮是什么使你開心。）與上下文一致。 40.C考查對上下文語境的理解?？涨暗囊馑际牵杭词褂锌赡軐崿F(xiàn)目標，也會是幾年的努力工作?？蘸蟮囊馑际牵喝绻隳苷乙环菔鼓汩_心的工作。所以這里選C（想一想什么使你開心，為什么。）與上下文一致。 考點：考查七選五短文。 【終極闖關(guān)】 【湖南省衡陽市第八中學(xué)2017屆高三實驗班第一次質(zhì)檢】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。 A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference． 36 . Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 37 . After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物). 38 .That means harmful material may get into our food supply. 39 . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works—where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 40 . And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A. Then, fish may eat the plastics. B. But people can make a big difference. C. Plastics should be gathered together and reused. D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. E. It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use. F. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. G．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. 【名師點評】本文敘述了塑料是如何進入海洋并危害海洋生物和人類的，呼吁人們和公司采取措施來保護我們的環(huán)境。