高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題12 特殊句式教學(xué)案
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專題12 特殊句式 考綱展示 命題探究 基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn) 1 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“人”時(shí)可用who/that,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是“事物”時(shí)用that。 It_is I who/that am right.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語) It_was him that/who we met at the school gate.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語) It_was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語) 特別提醒 (1)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,要用that作連接詞,而不能用which或其他詞,且不能省略。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人,且作主語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞也可用who。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),要注意引導(dǎo)詞與其謂語的一致性。 It_is our teacher who/that_helps us make great progress. 正是我們的老師幫助我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。 (3)當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語且為代詞時(shí),要用主格形式。 It_was_I_who_put_forward the theory first. 是我最先提出這個(gè)理論的。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式:Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分。 Was_it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎? Is_it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 教你們英語的是王教授嗎? (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式:特殊疑問詞+is/was it that+其他成分。 Who_was_it_that broke the window? 打破窗戶的是誰? When_was_it_that you called me yesterday? 你昨天給我打電話是什么時(shí)候? 特別提醒 如果由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語從句時(shí),從句必須使用陳述語序,不可用疑問語序。 He asked me who_it_was_that took his umbrella by mistake. 他問我是誰錯(cuò)拿了他的雨傘。 (4)not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 其強(qiáng)調(diào)句式為:It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分。 He didnt go to bed until ten oclock. →It_was_not_until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10點(diǎn)他才上床睡覺。 2 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),要在所強(qiáng)調(diào)的謂語動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did。 Do come this evening. 今天晚上一定要來啊。 He did write to you last week. 上周他的確給你寫信了。 Tom does study hard now. 現(xiàn)在湯姆的確學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 重難點(diǎn) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與結(jié)構(gòu)相似的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 (1)與含主語從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 It_is true that they are going to the Great Wall next month. 他們下個(gè)月準(zhǔn)備去參觀長城,這是真的。 It_is the Great Wall that they are going to visit. 他們準(zhǔn)備去參觀的地方是長城。 第一個(gè)句子是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,其中it是形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,that沒有任何意義,在從句中不作任何成分。第二個(gè)句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語the Great Wall, it is和that沒有任何意義,只是用來構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本框架。 (2)與含定語從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 It_is a question that needs careful consideration. 這是一個(gè)需要仔細(xì)考慮的問題。 It_is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading. 威廉姆斯小姐喜歡讀的是小說。 第一個(gè)句子是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,其中that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,修飾先行詞question, that在從句中作主語;it在句中作主語。第二個(gè)句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語novels,it is和that沒有任何意義,只是用來構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本框架。 (3)與含狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 ①與“It is/was+時(shí)間名詞+when...”的區(qū)別 “It is/was+時(shí)間名詞+when...”句型中it指時(shí)間,when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。時(shí)間名詞前無介詞。試比較: It_was 6 oclock when I got up today. 今天我起床時(shí)已經(jīng)6點(diǎn)了。 It_was at 6 oclock that I got up today. 今天我是6點(diǎn)起的床。 第一句是主從復(fù)合句,it指時(shí)間,when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語at 6 oclock, it和that無實(shí)際意義。 ②與“It is/was+時(shí)間段+since...”的區(qū)別 “It is/was+時(shí)間段+since...”句型中,since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。若since和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,該句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……時(shí)間了”;若since和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用,該句型的意思是“……做某事已有……時(shí)間了”。since引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過去時(shí)。試比較: It_is two years since I taught English. 我不教英語兩年了。 It_is two years since I began to teach English. 我教英語已經(jīng)兩年了。 It_is two hours that he spends on English every day. 他每天花兩個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)英語。 前兩個(gè)句子是“It is+時(shí)間段+since...”句型,since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。第三個(gè)句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語two hours。 ③與“It was+時(shí)間段+before...”的區(qū)別 “It was+時(shí)間段+before...”句型中,it指時(shí)間,before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。試比較: It_was two years before he came back from abroad. 過了兩年他才回國。 It_was two years later that he came back from abroad. 他是兩年后回國的。 第一句中的it指時(shí)間,before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句;第二句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語two years later。 [考法綜述] 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,尤其是連接詞的考查在語篇型語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中會(huì)涉及,近五年考查了12次。 命題法 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 典例1 Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century________his musical gift was fully recognized. [答案] that 句意:Bach死于1750年,但是直到19世紀(jì)早期他的音樂天賦才被完全認(rèn)可。but之后是一個(gè)not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,故用that。 典例2 It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan. [答案] that 句意:到信尾的時(shí)候她才提到了她自己的計(jì)劃。這是not...until強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,一般結(jié)構(gòu)為It was not until...that...。 【解題法】 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路 (1)首先要了解強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu),“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他”以及一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和與not until連用中的連接詞的考查。 (2)在語法填空中,考查連接詞是不給提示詞的,去掉it was及設(shè)空處后句子結(jié)構(gòu)及意義仍完整,即可確定題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,設(shè)空處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連接詞that/who。 (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,主要考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句與相似的主從復(fù)合句的連接詞的混用。 A.單句填空 1.It was when we were returning home________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 答案 that [句意:當(dāng)我們回家的時(shí)候,我意識(shí)到幫助了有困難的人感覺真好。when we were returning home 是一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,對(duì)應(yīng)的主句是后面整個(gè)句子,去掉“It was”和空處,句子成立,說明該句是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,故填that。] 2.It was in this lake________ they found the long lost sword of the Ming Dynasty. 答案 that [根據(jù)句意可知,此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語,考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其它。故填that。] 3.It was the culture, rather than the language,________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 答案 that [句意:是文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。根據(jù)分析可知本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。去掉It was和空格,題干可以還原為:The culture, rather than the language made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.,故填that。] 4.Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do________makes life happy. 答案 that [句意:不是做我們喜歡的事情而是去喜歡我們必須做的事情才能讓人生幸福。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句,故填that。not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do為被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。] 5.Was it because Jack came late for school________Mr Smith got angry? 答案 that [句意:史密斯先生生氣是因?yàn)榻芸松蠈W(xué)遲到嗎?It is/was... that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,故填that。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語從句。還原為普通句式為:Mr Smith got angry because Jack came late for school.。] B.單句改錯(cuò) 1.It was only after he had read the papers when Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. ________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [去掉It was和when后剩下的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義仍然完整,為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,故用that。] 2.It was not until near the end of the letter where she mentioned her own plan. ________________________________________________________ 答案 where→that [去掉It was和where后剩下的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義仍然完整,為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,故用that。] 3.It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was rescued. ________________________________________________________ 答案 who→that [去掉It was和who后,剩下的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義仍然完整,強(qiáng)調(diào)介詞短語,故用that。] 4.It was not until I came here before I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. ________________________________________________________ 答案 before→that [去掉It was和before仍然是一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整的句子,為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,故用that。] 5.—Was it by cutting down staff where she saved the firm? —No, it was by improving work efficiency. ________________________________________________________ 答案 where→that [去掉Was it 和where仍是一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整的句子,為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,故用that。] 基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn) 1 部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指把謂語的一部分(助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式: (1)當(dāng)否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞或短語位于句首時(shí),常用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語有:little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。 We laugh at jokes, but seldom_do_we think about how they work. 我們聽到笑話時(shí)會(huì)笑,但是卻很少去考慮它們是如何讓我們開懷大笑的。 (2)當(dāng)only修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時(shí)。 Only_when he returned did_we_find out the truth. 只有當(dāng)他回來時(shí),我們才查明了真相。 特別提醒 only修飾主語時(shí),句子不倒裝。 Only_he_can answer the question. 只有他能回答這個(gè)問題。 (3)so/neither/nor置于句首時(shí),用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 ①“so+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”表示前面所說的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物,意為“……也是如此”。 —Ive got an enormous amount of work to do. 我有大量的作業(yè)要做。 —So_have_I. 我也如此。 ②“neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物,意為“……也不這樣”。 This is not my story, nor_is_it the whole story. My story plays out differently. 這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事,它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局不同。 (4)在so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)“so+形容詞/副詞”或“such+名詞”位于句首時(shí)。 So_beautiful_was_the_girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest. 那女孩那么漂亮,她在選美比賽中獲得冠軍。 (5)在非真實(shí)條件句中,條件句中的if省略時(shí),助動(dòng)詞had, were, should提到主語前面時(shí)。 Should he (=If he should) come, tell him to ring me up. 如果他來了,告訴他給我打電話。 2 完全倒裝 完全倒裝是指將謂語動(dòng)詞完全提到主語之前。 (1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首時(shí),且主語是名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,句子需用完全倒裝。此時(shí),句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。 Out rushed_the_children. 孩子們沖了出去。 特別提醒 主語為人稱代詞時(shí),則不倒裝。 Out they_rushed. 他們沖了出去。 (2)在there be句型中,用完全倒裝。此時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)中的be可用lie/exist/stand/live/seem/fly/remain等動(dòng)詞替代。 The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city. There_stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.[湖北高考] 大眾廣場(chǎng)是這個(gè)城市引人注目的景點(diǎn),許多歷史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。 (3)當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語位于句首時(shí),且主語是名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,為了避免頭重腳輕,句子需進(jìn)行完全倒裝。 South_of_the_river_lies a small factory. 河的南面有一個(gè)小工廠。 (4)有時(shí)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào),將作表語的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首,構(gòu)成“表語+系動(dòng)詞+主語”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Present_at_the_party_were_Mr_Green and many other guests. 出席晚會(huì)的有格林先生,還有許多別的賓客。 (5)such位于句首時(shí),句子需用完全倒裝。 Such_was_Albert_Einstein,_a simple man and one of the 20th centurys greatest scientists. 這就是阿爾伯特愛因斯坦,一個(gè)純樸的人,也是20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。 特別提醒 此結(jié)構(gòu)中的such多被認(rèn)為是表語,所以such后的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和后面的“真正的主語”保持一致。 重難點(diǎn) 幾種特殊的倒裝 (1)as/though作“盡管”講,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),要用倒裝。 形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+as/though+主語+謂語(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞) Hero_as_he_is,_he still has shortcomings. 盡管他是英雄,但他仍有缺點(diǎn)。 Much_as_I_like_it,_Ill not buy it. 盡管我很喜歡它,但我不會(huì)買它。 (2)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May_you_succeed! 祝你成功! Long_live_the_people! 人民萬歲! (3)在the more..., the more...結(jié)構(gòu)中(從句在前,主句在后),主句常用倒裝,但也可以不用倒裝形式。 The harder you work, the better result_you can get. 你學(xué)習(xí)越努力,取得的成績就越好。 [考法綜述] 倒裝的考查,尤其是部分倒裝在語篇型語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中常會(huì)涉及,而全部倒裝只是偶有涉及,近五年考查了21次。 命題法 考查部分倒裝的助動(dòng)詞及系動(dòng)詞 典例1 It might have saved me some trouble________I known the schedule. [答案] had 根據(jù)主句中的“might have saved”可知,從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí),表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬。完整的從句是if I had known the schedule,其中的if可以省略,同時(shí)將had提前,構(gòu)成倒裝,故填had。 典例2 Only after talking to two students do I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. ________________________________________________________ [答案] do→did 由句意可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去,故用did。 【解題法】 掌握倒裝的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路 (1)首先要了解高考對(duì)倒裝句的考查較少,但可能會(huì)考查部分倒裝中助動(dòng)詞以及系動(dòng)詞的使用。 (2)在語法填空中,對(duì)部分倒裝助動(dòng)詞及系動(dòng)詞的考查是不給提示詞的。首先熟練掌握用部分倒裝的基本情況,再根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間及主語選擇相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞。 (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,要注意部分倒裝中助動(dòng)詞及系動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用或漏用。 A.單句填空 1.Only when Lily walked into the office________she realize that she had left the contract at home. 答案 did [句意:直到Lily走進(jìn)辦公室,她才意識(shí)到她把合同忘在家里了?!癘nly+狀語從句/介詞短語/副詞”作狀語放在句首時(shí),主句多用部分倒裝;由賓語從句中的過去完成時(shí)可知,主句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填did。] 2.Here________my tips for you. 答案 are [本句使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),句子主語是my tips, 故用are。] 3.Not only________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. 答案 do [句意:護(hù)士們不僅想要增加報(bào)酬,她們也想要減少工作時(shí)間?!癗ot only... but also...”連接兩個(gè)并列的分句時(shí),若not only位于句首,則其后的從句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。] 4.At no time________they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. 答案 did [句意:實(shí)際上他們從未違反比賽規(guī)則,所以懲罰他們不公平。題干中表示否定意義的at no time置于句首,后面的句子應(yīng)該部分倒裝,又根據(jù)題干可知時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí),故用助動(dòng)詞did。] 5.Not until he went through real hardship________he realize the love we have for our families is important. 答案 did [句意:直到經(jīng)歷了真正的困難,他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家人的愛是多么重要?!癗ot until...”置于句首,主句需要部分倒裝,故用助動(dòng)詞did來幫助構(gòu)成部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。] B.單句改錯(cuò) 1.No sooner did Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. ________________________________________________________ 答案 did→had [句意:莫言一上臺(tái),觀眾就爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。no sooner... than...結(jié)構(gòu)中,no sooner位于句首時(shí),主句應(yīng)部分倒裝,即將助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞放于主語前;主句的時(shí)態(tài)常用過去完成時(shí),故用had。] 2.Only when you can find peace in your heart do you keep good relationships with others. ________________________________________________________ 答案 do→will [句意:只有當(dāng)你的心態(tài)平和時(shí),你才能與別人保持好的關(guān)系?!皁nly+狀語從句”置于句首,后面的主句需部分倒裝。時(shí)間狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句需用一般將來時(shí),故用will。] 3.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness do I speak to him again. ________________________________________________________ 答案 do→will [“only+時(shí)間狀語從句”放在句首,采用部分倒裝。when引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,主句用將來時(shí),故用will。] 4.“Never for a second” the boy says, “do I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.” ________________________________________________________ 答案 do→did [never否定副詞位于句首采用部分倒裝,根據(jù)賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可知用一般過去時(shí),故用did。] 5.Only with the greatest of luck does she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. ________________________________________________________ 答案 does→did [only修飾介詞短語位于句首采用部分倒裝,根據(jù)語境可知發(fā)生在過去,故用did。] 基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn) 1 省略 (1)狀語從句中的省略 由when, while, as, until, once, where, if, unless, as if, although/though, whether等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步等狀語從句中,如果從句的謂語含有be動(dòng)詞,且從句的主語是it或主從句的主語相同時(shí),此時(shí)可省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞。 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_carried_out regularly, can improve our health. 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,如果進(jìn)行得有規(guī)律,適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)能強(qiáng)身健體。 (2)不定式的省略 在一定的上下文中,為了避免重復(fù),可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的動(dòng)詞(短語),只保留不定式符號(hào)to,常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish等詞后;或用在表情緒的形容詞后,如glad, happy, pleased等。 John didnt pass his driving test, but I expected him to. 約翰沒有通過他的駕駛考試,但我希望他通過。 (3)用so或not等替代上文內(nèi)容的省略 當(dāng)由Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答語時(shí),后面的so與not分別表示肯定和否定,賓語從句可省略。 Maybe I will be proven wrong, but I hope so/not. 也許我會(huì)被證明是錯(cuò)的,但我希望如此/但我希望不是那樣。 (4)常用的省略結(jié)構(gòu) if_ever如果有過的話 if_busy如果忙的話 if_anything如果有一些的話 if_possible如果可能的話 if_so如果那樣的話 if_not如果不的話 She seldom, if_ever,_goes to the theater. 她難得上劇院看場(chǎng)戲。 2 祈使句 祈使句分為第二人稱祈使句及第一、三人稱祈使句兩大類,表請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、邀請(qǐng)、勸告等。其特點(diǎn)為:一般不出現(xiàn)主語;謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原形;否定式一律在動(dòng)詞前加dont。祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式是在句首加do。 Anytime you find the world waving a chair in you face, remember_this:_All you need to do is focus on one thing.[全國卷Ⅰ] 任何時(shí)候你發(fā)現(xiàn)你的面前有椅子在揮動(dòng)的時(shí)候,請(qǐng)記住這一點(diǎn):你需要的是集中注意力于一件事情。 3 感嘆句 (1)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 ①What+a/an+(adj.)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+動(dòng)詞)! What_a_good_heart you have! 你的心腸真好! ②What+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)! What_interesting_stories hes told us! 他給我們講的故事真有趣! (2)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 ①How+adj./adv.(+主語+謂語)! How clever the boy is! 這男孩真聰明! ②How+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)! How_clever a boy he is! 這男孩真聰明! 4 反意疑問句 反意疑問句由“陳述句+反問句”構(gòu)成,若陳述句為肯定式,反問句為否定式;反之亦然。 Its by a Chinese artist, isnt_it? 它是由一位中國畫家畫的,不是嗎? He hasnt passed the English exam, has_he? 他沒有通過這次英語考試,是嗎? (1)陳述部分含有must的反意疑問句 ①當(dāng)must作“必須”講時(shí),其反意疑問部分用neednt; 當(dāng)含有mustnt(不允許、禁止)時(shí),其反意疑問部分用must。 You must go now, neednt_you? 你現(xiàn)在必須走,是不是? You mustnt smoke here, must_you? 你不能在這里吸煙,是吧? ②當(dāng)must表示推測(cè),作“一定,準(zhǔn)是”講時(shí),反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)must后面的動(dòng)詞形式確定。 You must have watched that football match last night, didnt_you? 你昨晚一定是看足球比賽了,是嗎? (2)陳述部分含有used to時(shí),疑問部分用usednt或didnt均可。 You used to play football, usednt/didnt_you? 你過去常常踢足球,是嗎? (3)陳述部分含有ought to時(shí),其反意疑問部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。 He ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt_he? 他應(yīng)該參加會(huì)議,是不是? (4)陳述部分含有否定詞的反意疑問句 ①當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),疑問部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。 He could hardly get up, could_he? 他幾乎起不來了,是不是? ②陳述部分含有由否定意義的前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的詞,疑問部分一般用否定式。 Mary dislikes sports, doesnt_she? 瑪麗不喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng),不是嗎? (5)當(dāng)陳述部分含有賓語從句時(shí),疑問部分的主語應(yīng)和主句的主語保持一致。 He said that she would come here on time, didnt_he? 他說她會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來這里,不是嗎? 特別提醒 當(dāng)主句是I think/believe/suppose等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問部分往往根據(jù)賓語從句的主語和謂語而定。需特別注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)象中的肯定式和否定式。 I dont think he will come here on time, will_he? 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來這里,是嗎? 5 There be句型 There be句型表示“有……”,there本身沒有詞義,be是謂語動(dòng)詞,be后面的名詞/代詞是主語。be可以有不同的形式,而且可以和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。 (1)There be句型中的be ①There be句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞be在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。 There is_a_flower in the bottle. 瓶中有一朵花。 There are_five_books on the desk. 桌上有五本書。 ②若There be句型中主語為并列結(jié)構(gòu),be的數(shù)和人稱遵循就近原則。 There is_a_boy,_a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)婦女。 There are_ten_students and a teacher in the office. 辦公室里有十個(gè)學(xué)生和一個(gè)老師。 ③There be句型的變體 There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)可用remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替換。 Once upon a time there_lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 從前,在海邊的一個(gè)村莊里住著一位老漁夫。 (2)There be句型的非謂語形式 There be句型也可以以不定式(there to be)、動(dòng)名詞(there being)和現(xiàn)在分詞(there being)的形式出現(xiàn)在句子中,在句中作主語、賓語或狀語。 There_being a bus stop near the school is a great convenience. 學(xué)校附近有一個(gè)公交站點(diǎn)非常便利。(主語) I want there_to_be a vase with fresh flowers on the table. 我希望桌子上有一個(gè)裝有鮮花的花瓶。(賓語) There_being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做,我們就回家了。(狀語) (3)含There be結(jié)構(gòu)的固定句型 There be+名詞或代詞+to do.有某事要做。 There is some/no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事有/沒困難。 There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth.做某事沒有道理/用處/好處/意義。 There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)沒必要做某事。 There is no doubt/that...毫無疑問…… 重難點(diǎn) 簡短問句的主語和陳述部分的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致的幾種情況 [考法綜述] 其他特殊句式在語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中常會(huì)涉及,近五年考查了25次。 命題法 考查其他特殊句式 典例1 If ________ (accept) for the job, youll be informed soon. [答案] accepted 句意:如果你被錄用干這份工作的話,你會(huì)很快被通知到的。條件狀語從句的主語為you, accept和you為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài),當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致且從句謂語部分有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),狀語從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞可以省略,補(bǔ)充完整為If you are accepted for the job,故答案為accepted。 典例2 Calling me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. ________________________________________________________ [答案] Calling→Call 考查特殊句式“祈使句+and+陳述句(一般將來時(shí))”。故用Call。 【解題法】 掌握其他特殊句式的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路 (1)首先要了解其他特殊句式的考查情況:省略的考查主要集中在狀語從句的省略;祈使句的固定句型;感嘆句;there be等句型的考查。 (2)在語法填空中,狀語從句的省略和祈使句動(dòng)詞的考查是給出提示詞的,根據(jù)句式特點(diǎn)判斷是祈使句還是狀語成分;祈使句連詞的考查,祈使句的連詞和there be一般是不給提示詞的。 (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,祈使句和狀語從句的省略的錯(cuò)用;祈使句連詞and和or的錯(cuò)用;there be句型be的錯(cuò)用。 A.單句填空 1.Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands. 答案 left [句意:電子游戲如果落入不對(duì)的人的手里就可能有壞的影響。這里考查了leave作及物動(dòng)詞的用法,可以理解為if (the video games are) left in the wrong hands,主從句的主語相同,省略從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞。] 2.Always ________ (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 答案 keep [句意:永遠(yuǎn)記?。耗愕闹饕蝿?wù)就是讓這個(gè)公司順利運(yùn)作。句子沒有主語且表示命令,故為祈使句,答案為keep。] 3.Give me a chance, ________ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 答案 and [句意:給我一次機(jī)會(huì),我會(huì)給你一個(gè)驚喜。本題考查特殊句式中的“祈使句+and+陳述句”句式。故填and。] 4.________(make) what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it. 答案 Make [句意:讓你今天做的事情有意義,因?yàn)槟? 正拿你生命中的一天來換取它。本題考查特殊句式。根據(jù)句意可知前半句為祈使句,用來給別人提建議,故填動(dòng)詞原形Make。] 5.This is a really lively party. There is a great atmosphere,________ there? 答案 isnt [句意:這真是一個(gè)活躍的聚會(huì),這有很好的氣氛,是嗎?根據(jù)分析,這是there be句型的反意疑問句,前半句肯定,附加句否定。] B.單句改錯(cuò) 1.Observing carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. ________________________________________________________ 答案 Observing→Observe [分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句為祈使句,故用Observe。] 2.—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, mustnt you? ________________________________________________________ 答案 mustnt→didnt [答語為反意疑問句,must have done表示對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè),且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last summer可知用didnt。] 3.Read this story, or you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. ________________________________________________________ 答案 or→and [句意:讀這個(gè)故事,你會(huì)意識(shí)到并非所有的東西都能用錢買到。本題考查“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型。該句型中兩個(gè)分句如果用and連接,祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的肯定形式的條件狀語從句;如果兩個(gè)分句用or連接,祈使句相當(dāng)于:If... not...。本句題干可改為:If you read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.。] 4.Every day reading a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. ________________________________________________________ 答案 reading→read [分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句為祈使句,故用read。] 易錯(cuò)題一:句型“It+be+時(shí)間+since/before/that/when...”的誤用 [例1] It is three years ________ he worked here and now he works in another city. [錯(cuò)解] that/when/before [錯(cuò)因分析] 本題易錯(cuò)填before, that或when,原因可能是考生將句子理解成了一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句或者含有when/before的句型等。 [答案] since [心得體會(huì)] [例2] British people are not so patient as before. It lasts an average of 8 minutes and 22 seconds ________ they lose their temper,according to a new research. [錯(cuò)解] when [錯(cuò)因分析] 本題易誤用when,原因可能是考生沒有理解此題的語境,也沒對(duì)句子的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行分析。此處用before, before作連詞,意為“在……之前”,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的順序。句意:英國人不像以前那么有耐心了。新的研究表明,平均每8分22秒他們就會(huì)發(fā)脾氣。 [答案] before [心得體會(huì)] 易錯(cuò)題二:so/such...that...中so與such的誤用 [例] It was ________ fine weather that they all went swimming. [錯(cuò)解] so [錯(cuò)因分析] 考生可能只注意到了形容詞fine,而忽視了fine weather的中心詞是名詞weather,因而誤用so。 [答案] such [心得體會(huì)] 易錯(cuò)題三:It is/was not until...that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的誤用 [例] It was not until all the fish died in the river ________ the villagers realized how serious the pollution was. [錯(cuò)解] when [錯(cuò)因分析] 本題易誤用when,原因可能是考生沒有掌握It is/was not until...that句型。 [答案] that [心得體會(huì)]- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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