高考英語總復習 第1部分 基礎考點聚焦 Unit 2 Historical Figures知能演練輕松闖關 重慶大學版必修5

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Unit 2 Historical Figures Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．The (invent) of printing about this time meant that knowledge could be recorded and shared as never before. 答案：invention 2．It took years of work to reduce the (industry) pollution and clean the water. 答案：industrial 3．The more he learned (chemist)，the more interested he was in it. 答案：chemistry 4．It’s important that we should show (consider) for others if we are to live in harmony with them in social life. 答案：consideration 5．—Do you know how many points have you got in this examination? —I don’t know.In fact，I don’t care the points，but I care about what mistakes I have made. 答案：about 6．George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he (focus) more on its culture. 答案：focused 7. It’s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives，but what we do consistently. 答案：that 8．I’m considering (become)a teacher after graduation because a teacher is often considered to be the engineer of human souls. 答案：becoming 9． (how) interesting the film is，I won’t waste any time on it. 答案：However 10．With (rise)costs，it is difficult for him to make both ends meet . 答案：rising Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2016威海一中模擬)Coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are not just beautiful to look at，but also very useful.They shelter nearly 25% of ocean life and provide food for billions of people.However，like many other species，this amazing ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) is in danger of dying out! There are two main reasons for the destruction—the rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation.While not much can be done about the former，the loss caused by the latter can be reduced. Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish.This action damaged the ocean floor，causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs.While that is very discouraging，the good news is that if these branches are found quickly，they can be saved.At present，that work is being performed by volunteer divers.But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater，nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deepsea coral grows. However，this is not the case for Coralbots—the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches.A team of “coralbots”，each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to regrow.They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral.The robots work together in groups，similar to bees.If one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task. Dr LeaAnne Henry said：“The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修復) the function of reefs.It is in the final stage of testing.Once ready，the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.” 【文章大意】　本文主要介紹了珊瑚礁所面臨的問題以及應對的方法。珊瑚礁由于全球變暖以及人類的一些海底作業(yè)活動而瀕臨滅絕。對此，Coralbots卻是一個挽救珊瑚礁的好幫手，它可以長時間待在水下以幫助受損的珊瑚礁重新生長。 1．Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing? A．The appearance of new creatures. B．The seriously polluted sea water. C．The activities of volunteer divers. D．Human activities like bottom operation. D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第一句話“There are two main reasons for the destruction—the rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation.”可知選D。 2．Compared with volunteer divers，coralbots ． A．can stay longer underwater B．must work as bees do C．can distinguish what is coral D．can never be damaged A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater，nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deepsea coral grows.”以及第四段的“However，this is not the case for Coralbots...”可知，志愿者不能長時間待在水下，但是Coralbots可以。故選A。 3．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Coralbots.　　　　　 B．Broken branches. C．Working bees. D．Bits of coral. A　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)下文的“...use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”可知這里的them指代的是上文提到的Coralbots，因為要用這些東西來修復珊瑚礁。故選A。 4．We can infer from the passage that ． A．bottom operation has affected most underwater creatures B．broken branches of coral can regrow if saved in time C．hundreds of the coralbots have worked well in the oceans D．with the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“...this is not the case for Coralbots—the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches.A team of‘coralbots’，each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to regrow.”判斷選B。 B (2016河南開封模擬)Nowadays many people are concerned about the problem of what to do with electronic waste such as old televisions，computers，radios，cellular telephones and other electronic equipment. Electronic trash，or ewaste，is piling up faster than ever in American homes and businesses.People do not know what to do with old televisions or computers so they throw them in the trash. National Solid Waste Management Association(NSWMA) state programs director Chaz Miller says the large amount of electronic waste Americans product is not unexpected. The US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) estimates more than 400 million consumer electronic items are dumped each year，and there is a push by more states to ban the waste from landfills(垃圾填埋場) and create recycling programs.They can be torn apart and sorted for useable parts.Mike Fannon who runs the plant in Baltimore says，“There are lots of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused instead of just putting them in the landfill，and in certain components there are some materials that should not really be in the landfill.” Fannon says nearly 20 percent of electronic waste is recycled nationwide.Thirteen years ago，it was only about 6 percent.Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in order to keep ewaste poisons like lead(鉛) and mercury(汞) out of garbage dumps. This year several states like Vermont imposed a ban on electronic waste in landfills.More than 25 other states have also adopted bans on ewaste in landfills.Chaz Miller says more can be done to boost electronic waste recycling. “We can do much better，”noted Miller.“I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers.” 【文章大意】　本文是新聞報道類文章。該文章主要介紹了西方國家的電子廢物處理方式，最佳的方法就是回收，否則會對環(huán)境造成巨大的危害。 5．Which of the following does NOT belong to ewaste? A．Old televisions. B．Old computers. C．Old cell phones. D．Old newspapers. D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞ewaste找到文章第一段的“with electronic waste such as old televisions，computers，radios，cellular telephones and other electronic equipment”可知ewaste中不包括old newspapers，故選D。 6．Why is ewaste banned from landfills in many states? A．Because it can not be recycled. B．Because the landfills are already full. C．Because it might damage the environment. D．Because it can be shipped to other countries. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞ewaste banned from landfills找到文章對應段落是第五段，其中的“Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in order to keep ewaste poisons like lead(鉛) and mercury (汞) out of garbage dumps.”可知廢舊電子產(chǎn)品會對環(huán)境造成巨大危害。故選C。 7．According to Mike Fannon，what might be the best way of dealing with ewaste? A．Recycling it. B．Selling it. C．Burying it. D．Breaking it. A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Mike Fannon找到文章對應段落是第四段，根據(jù)“Mike Fannon who runs the plant in Baltimore says，‘There are lots of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused instead of just putting them in the landfill，and in certain components there are some materials that should not really be in the landfill.’”可知回收利用才是處理電子廢物的最佳方法。故選A。 8．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chaz Miller works for EPA. B．Miller is optimistic about the future of ewaste. C．At present，less than 10 percent of ewaste is recycled. D．All states in the US have banned ewaste from landfills. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“‘We can do much better，’noted Miller.‘I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers.’”推斷Miller對電子廢物的處理持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選B。 Ⅲ.七選五 How do you stay true to yourself when you’re surrounded by friends and/or family that have an opinion on everything you do？It’s not easy! 1. ．Here are 4 tips which can help you live a dynamic life. 2． Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you.Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else. Don’t fear people 3． ．The reason why most people don’t take risks，or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve，you must give up the need to be liked by everybody. Value yourself and your choices When you do，others will too.Own the choices you make in your life.4. ．When you believe in yourself，in time，others will believe in you too.Show confidence in your choices and what you stand for whether others agree or not. Focus on appreciation No matter what the circumstances are，there is always something to be grateful for.All successful people ask：What am I grateful for？How can I improve my situation and use the tough time to inspire others？5. ． These steps，if applied，will help you transform your peace of mind，lifestyle，and productivity. A．Focus on your own talents and strengths B．Never let others’ opinions guide your choices C．Treat every person like they are important D．When you doubt yourself，others will doubt you E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others，and you’ll lead a successful life G．However，there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want 答案：1～5.GBEDF