ZK5132數(shù)控立鉆電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【優(yōu)秀課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)含4張CAD圖紙帶開題報告+外文翻譯】-jxsj80

ZK5132數(shù)控立鉆電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【優(yōu)秀課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)含4張CAD圖紙帶開題報告+外文翻譯】-jxsj80

ZK5132數(shù)控立鉆電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要

數(shù)控機(jī)床是來自于數(shù)字控制機(jī)床的簡稱，這是一種裝有可編程程序控制系統(tǒng)的自動化機(jī)床。該可編程程序控制系統(tǒng)能夠邏輯處理數(shù)字控制編碼或其他規(guī)定的指令程序，并將其譯碼成執(zhí)行元器件的動作信號從而驅(qū)動機(jī)床動作以加工零件。數(shù)控機(jī)床的控制電路是由各種不同的控制電氣元器件組成，進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)的控制性能在一定程度上決定了數(shù)控機(jī)床的等級。本次設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)是以ZK5132數(shù)控立鉆電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)為中心，全面、系統(tǒng)地介紹了低壓電器、電氣控制系統(tǒng)、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)及接口、步進(jìn)與伺服驅(qū)動器等內(nèi)容，利用數(shù)控機(jī)床以機(jī)械與電氣相結(jié)合的形勢，完成相關(guān)電氣控制線路排布以及各種保護(hù)控制線路的設(shè)計(jì)。

為使步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的控制精度能達(dá)到所要求的步距角()精度，于是在該機(jī)床選配所用驅(qū)動電機(jī)時要考慮到該電機(jī)的過載能力和機(jī)床傳動系統(tǒng)中絲杠與電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子的慣量是否匹配以及所提供轉(zhuǎn)矩是否足夠，在該設(shè)計(jì)中的進(jìn)給驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)選用混合式五相十拍步進(jìn)電動機(jī)進(jìn)行驅(qū)動控制。由于開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)簡單，精度要求不高，可靠性和穩(wěn)定性相對于經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床好，故采用五相十拍的步進(jìn)電動機(jī)進(jìn)給驅(qū)動，同時也能因其相數(shù)大而達(dá)到明顯的振動抑制效果。

隨著設(shè)計(jì)的不斷深入而不斷熟悉了各種系統(tǒng)的適用條件，各種設(shè)備的選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及作用，各種電氣線路的保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)，驅(qū)動進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的控制等。通過掌握電氣控制系統(tǒng)線路設(shè)計(jì)的原理、電氣元器件在線路中的作用，進(jìn)給驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，完成對電動機(jī)的精度控制。這次的電氣控制部分設(shè)計(jì)也滿足一些企業(yè)對機(jī)床電氣高可靠高穩(wěn)定性、電氣使用壽命長等要求，具有進(jìn)一步研發(fā)的潛力。

關(guān)鍵詞：ZK5132；數(shù)控系統(tǒng)；機(jī)電結(jié)合；步進(jìn)電動機(jī)

Abstract

CNC machine is referred to Digital control machine tool, is a machine equipped with the automated process control system. The control system can have a control logic to process the instruction codes or other symbols required, decoded and processed so that making machine action and machining parts. CNC machine control circuit is controlled by a variety of electrical components whose performance servo feed control system to some extent determines the level of CNC machine tools. The design task is designing ZK5132 CNC Vertical Drilling electrical control system, there is a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the low-voltage electrical appliances, electrical control systems, numerical control systems and interfaces, stepper and servo drives, etc. By combining CNC machine tools with electrical machinery, finish the completion of related electrical control circuit and various protection control design.

To control the stepping motor step to achieve the required angle ( α= 0.36 °) the control precision, the machine motor is optional to consider the motor overload, overload conditions, the machine screw and the motor drive system rotor inertia matching. This design’s feed servo drive system used Five-phase-ten-pat hybrid stepping motor control. Because the open-loop control system is simple, less precision, reliability and stability with respect to the good economic type CNC machine tools, so using Five-phase-ten-pat hybrid stepping motor drive, vibration suppression effect is obvious because of the large number of phases.

With the deepening of the design, we know more about the applicable conditions of various systems, selecting criteria and effects of various devices,various electrical circuit protection designing and feeding drive control system and so on . By mastering the principles of electrical control system circuit design，the role of the electrical components in the circuit and feeding drive system designing so we can well completed the motor accuracy control. My electrical control part of the design but also to meet the high reliability, high stability, long life and other electrical requirements for some company, thus it worth well potential for further development.

Keywords: ZK5132 ; CNC system ; Electrical components ; Stepping motor

目    錄

引言 1

1.  數(shù)控機(jī)床常用電氣控制元件 3

1.1 低壓斷路器 3

1.2 接觸器 3

1.3 繼電器、變壓器及其他電器 4

2.  數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 5

2.1 數(shù)控鉆床系統(tǒng)的組成 5

2.1.1 操作面板 6

2.1.2 輸入/輸出裝置 6

2.1.3 CNC裝置 6

2.1.4 伺服單元 7

2.1.5 驅(qū)動裝置 7

2.1.6 機(jī)床本體 7

2.2 數(shù)控機(jī)床驅(qū)動控制的分類以及選擇 7

2.2.1 開環(huán)控制 8

2.2.2 閉環(huán)與半閉環(huán)控制 8

2.2.3 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)類型 8

2.3 數(shù)控鉆床用途及特點(diǎn) 9

2.4 數(shù)控鉆床的相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù) 9

2.5 數(shù)控機(jī)床對于進(jìn)給驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)要求 10

3.  傳動系統(tǒng)相關(guān)計(jì)算 10

3.1 傳動系統(tǒng)對驅(qū)動電機(jī)的相關(guān)要求 11

3.1.1  X、Y水平直線運(yùn)動軸 11

3.1.2  Z垂直直線運(yùn)動軸 12

3.2 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)速度的控制 13

4.  步進(jìn)電動機(jī)驅(qū)動進(jìn)給系統(tǒng) 13

4.1 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的選用原則以及性能指標(biāo) 13

4.1.1 選用原則 13

4.1.2 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)性能指標(biāo) 14

4.2 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的選擇 14

4.3 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的工作原理 15

4.4 主軸步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制 16

4.5 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的位置控制 18

4.6 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的驅(qū)動電源 19

4.7 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動控制 19

5.  機(jī)床的電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 20

5.1 主電路電氣控制設(shè)計(jì) 20

5.1.1 主軸正轉(zhuǎn) 20

5.1.2 主軸反轉(zhuǎn) 21

5.1.3 主軸停轉(zhuǎn) 21

5.1.4 冷卻泵 21

5.2 電路電源分析 21

5.3控制電路設(shè)計(jì) 22

5.3.1 電機(jī)制動方式 22

5.3.2 零壓保護(hù)啟動 22

5.4 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中的啟動與停止 23

5.5 輸入/輸出及各軸限位 23

5.6 光軸輸出接口 23

5.7 M功能輸出 23

5.8 X、Y、Z軸的驅(qū)動控制信號接口 24

6.  ZK5132數(shù)控立鉆機(jī)床電氣控制原理設(shè)計(jì) 25

7.  ZK5132數(shù)控立鉆機(jī)床電氣外觀設(shè)計(jì) 28

結(jié)論 29

謝辭 30

參考文獻(xiàn) 31

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電氣主控制原理圖.dwg

電氣伺服控制原理圖.dwg

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裝配圖.dwg

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