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附錄A
Lifts optimization design
Cars with glass lifts is key to guide gibs problem. Guide gibs function is to make window glass up and down movement, can in vertical, front and back, the or so direction assurance guidance; General use metal, leather, felt or rubber is made. The above test method although considered the guide friction factors, but DuoZhong and all kinds of automobile glass lifts the actual trajectory there are still differences, a lack of corresponding conversion method. Such as xiali, mai hing industrial vehicle glass lifts, its lifting movement track are big radius arc (R1250mm. 2500 mm). Xiali car window of installed in lifting arm brackets, the window in lifting movement, is to use the groove and roll in the bracket the axial clearance, to constantly adjust Angle brackets, in order to adapt to the window glass in the guide groove movement up and down, so the actual working condition and test on the stage of the simulation working condition is showed in the. In order to make the test requirements close to the actual working condition, through the nearly sample comparative experiments, the statistics and analysis, find the suitable correlation coefficient, is the production of all kinds of glass lifts to all kinds of models of the door, that ensure the match door window product performance, also improve the quality of the test bed of practical value.
Because arm type glass lifts manufacturing process relatively simple, low cost, at present our country about 80% of the automobile glass lifts the arm type glass lifts. And soft type glass lifts from stability and resistance movement is much better than the former more compact structure, and the installation and layout are more convenient, but at present our country about soft type lifts, there is no formal national standards.
Soft shaft type glass lifts in the world of high-grade vehicle especially cars has been used in great quantities, it is a more advanced glass lifts. In recent years the introduction of domestic automobile products, such as the truck, Beijing, nanjing Cherokee and tell YiWeiKe provided by the lifter. At present some domestic auto parts factory has in such as Beijing automobile glass lifts factory, nac accessory tools factory, sichuan car factory accessories factory completed the soft shaft type glass lifts production technology of technological development (introduction), can provide the product localization. With its low value-added production level, can also be used to replace arm type glass lifts.
As the car structure layout design, manufacturing cost, manufacturing technology, the requirements of the manual push-pull type window of adjusting mechanism for many still vehicle in use. At present the arm type and manual (mechanical) glass lifts as the main use the type, the gentle type glass lifts is limited to introduce the application of the model, and electricity-powered glass lifts application is less.
Electric glass lifts in foreign high-grade car is very normal, due to the application of the complicated structure, and high cost, and domestic small motor performance instability, the products in our country at present is used in automobile products is less. Can foresee, along with the car design, manufacturing level enhancement, electric glass lifts will more and more application in automobile products.
Glass lifts the door system of the door is the attachment. Glass lifts is to realize the car door glass doors accessories lifting movement. Through the glass lifts drive glass bracket for up and down movement, thus make the glass door window frame of door along the guide groove or guide for lifting movement. The common glass lifts main has a fork arm type transmission and rope wheel drive two common form. The latter can adapt to the glass in the big curvature of the surface movement and arc. In addition there is a hand control type two kinds of control ways he electric. The door design and layout. Proper selection and arrangement glass lifts is to guarantee the glass lift control light and reliable work of the key.
As the door system of moving parts, lifts and body not only of the layout related internal and external board, at the same time also and the door both sides of guide rail and glass of water cut, sealed inside and outside the door, even have a certain correlation and speakers. In the door system especially inside and outside door plank and glass shape after confirmation, need to be in preliminary based on the door system and glass lifts associated parts layout and analysis. At the same time in the leg levelers mathematical model (CAD) before building also need on the door system and the mutual relationship between nt together.this may and related mechanical analysis.
附錄B
升降器優(yōu)化
汽車用玻璃升降器的關(guān)鍵是導(dǎo)向槽問(wèn)題。導(dǎo)向槽的功能是使車窗玻璃上下運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，能在垂直、前后及左右方向上保證導(dǎo)向作用；一般用金屬、毛氈或橡膠制成。上述試驗(yàn)方法雖然考慮了導(dǎo)軌摩擦等多種因素，但與各種汽車用玻璃升降器的實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡仍有差異，也缺少相應(yīng)的換算方法。如夏利、華利車用玻璃升降器，其升降運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡均為大半徑圓弧(R1250mm．2500mm)。夏利車的車窗玻璃安裝在舉升臂托架上，車窗玻璃在升降運(yùn)動(dòng)中，是利用托架內(nèi)的凹槽與滾輪軸軸向間隙，來(lái)不斷調(diào)整托架角度，以適應(yīng)車窗玻璃在導(dǎo)向槽內(nèi)的上下運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此實(shí)際工況與試驗(yàn)臺(tái)上模擬的工況是有出入的。為了使試驗(yàn)要求貼近實(shí)際工況，通過(guò)近百個(gè)樣件的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)，采用統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析方法，找到了適宜的相關(guān)系數(shù)，是生產(chǎn)的各種玻璃升降器能與各種車型的車門門窗匹配，即保證了產(chǎn)品性能質(zhì)量，也提高了試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
由于臂式玻璃升降器制造工藝相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，目前我國(guó)80％左右的汽車玻璃升降器采用臂式玻璃升降器。而柔式玻璃升降器從平穩(wěn)性、運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力來(lái)說(shuō)大大優(yōu)于前者結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊，且安裝和布置都較為方便，但目前我國(guó)關(guān)于柔式升降器尚無(wú)正式的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
軟軸式玻璃升降器在世界各種中高檔車輛特別是轎車上已被大量采用，是一種比較先進(jìn)的玻璃升降器。近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)的引進(jìn)汽車產(chǎn)品，如重汽斯泰爾、北京切諾基和南京依維柯等均采用這種升降器。目前已在國(guó)內(nèi)一些汽配廠如北京汽車玻璃升降器廠、南汽隨車工具廠、四川汽車廠附件廠等完成了有關(guān)軟軸式玻璃升降器的生產(chǎn)工藝的技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)(引進(jìn))，可提供國(guó)產(chǎn)化產(chǎn)品。隨著其批量化生產(chǎn)水平的提高，亦可用于替代臂式玻璃升降器。
由于汽車結(jié)構(gòu)布局設(shè)計(jì)、制造成本、制造技術(shù)的要求，手動(dòng)推拉式的車窗調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)仍為許多車輛采用。目前臂式及手動(dòng)(機(jī)械式)玻璃升降器為主要使用類型，柔式玻璃升降器的應(yīng)用尚限于引進(jìn)車型，而電動(dòng)式玻璃升降器應(yīng)用較少。
電動(dòng)玻璃升降器在國(guó)外中高檔車上應(yīng)用已很普通，由于其結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、成本高、且國(guó)內(nèi)小型電機(jī)產(chǎn)品性能不穩(wěn)定，故目前在我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)品中應(yīng)用尚少?？梢灶A(yù)見(jiàn)，隨著我國(guó)汽車設(shè)計(jì)、制造水平的提高，電動(dòng)玻璃升降器將越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用于汽車產(chǎn)品。
玻璃升降器是車門系統(tǒng)中的車門附件。玻璃升降器是實(shí)現(xiàn)轎車車門玻璃升降運(yùn)動(dòng)的車門附件。通過(guò)玻璃升降器帶動(dòng)玻璃托架作上下運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而使得車門玻璃沿著車門窗框的導(dǎo)槽或?qū)к壸魃颠\(yùn)動(dòng)。目前常用的玻璃升降器主要有叉臂式傳動(dòng)和繩輪式傳動(dòng)兩種常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)型式。后者能夠適應(yīng)玻璃在大曲率的弧形升降面上移動(dòng)。此外有手操縱式卒電動(dòng)兩種操縱方式。車門設(shè)計(jì)和布局中．正確選擇和布置玻璃升降器是保證玻璃升降操縱輕便、工作可靠的關(guān)鍵。
作為車門系統(tǒng)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件，升降器不僅僅和車身內(nèi)外板的空間布局相關(guān)，同時(shí)也和車門兩側(cè)導(dǎo)軌、玻璃內(nèi)外水切、密封條、門鎖甚至和揚(yáng)聲器都有一定關(guān)聯(lián)。在車門系統(tǒng)特別是內(nèi)外門板和玻璃形狀初步確認(rèn)后，需要在基于車門系統(tǒng)和玻璃升降器相關(guān)聯(lián)部件進(jìn)行布局和分析。與此同時(shí)在升降器數(shù)學(xué)模型(CAD)構(gòu)建之前也需要對(duì)車門系統(tǒng)和升降器之間相互關(guān)系進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)校核及相關(guān)的力學(xué)分析。