三級減速器的整體設計

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外文翻譯 Automatic dishwasher Control System Design Abstract: Based on the functional requirements of the automatic dishwasher, introduced by SCM AT89LS8252 and keyboard / display management chip designed automatic dishwasher HD7279A hardware control system design methods, using HD7279 is given control of the keyboard and display hardware circuit, while the system is functional software modules and software flow chart. After debugging test of the system, which can effectively achieve the control dishwasher complete automatic water, heating, cleaning and disinfection, and other functions. 自動洗碗機的控制系統(tǒng)設計 摘要：基于自動洗碗機的功能要求，介紹了用單片機ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２和鍵盤／顯示管理芯片ＨＤ７２７９Ａ設計的自動洗碗機的硬件控制系統(tǒng)的設計方法，給出了用ＨＤ７２７９控制鍵盤和顯示的硬件電路，同時給出了系統(tǒng)軟件和功能軟件模塊的流程圖。該系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過試驗調(diào)試，可有效地實現(xiàn)洗碗機的自動控制，完成自動進水、加溫、清洗、消毒等功能。 關鍵詞：洗碗機；控制器；鍵盤／顯示 ???? Key words: dishwashers; controller; keyboard / display 1 Introduction As digital application of information appliances, dishwashers have broad access to masses of people in the family, so that people can work from home in the complex gradually liberated. MCU Sensor-Menci Magnetic water level sensor Influent solenoid valve Temperature Control Protector Switch 5 kw heater thermostat Cleaning agents control box Cleaning agents control box Electric motors Transmission trip switch 2 Analog Xiaodaishui temperature Counter Display Interface Man-machine interface Keyboard Interface Ringing Interface Figure 1 Control of the dishwasher １　引言 隨著數(shù)字信息家用電器應用的普及，洗碗機已經(jīng)廣泛進入人民大眾的家庭之中，從而使得人們能夠從繁雜的家務勞動中逐步解放出來。 As a home automation equipment, such as dishwashers generally need to achieve automatic control influent, automatic detergent, cold wash, automatic temperature washing, cleaning, drainage, Disinfection, and the timing and fault alarm functions. From the point of view of control, a dishwasher usually need to meet Figure 1 shows some of the specific requirements, which involves the switching of signals there are two kinds of sensors is high, low signal detection, such as doors Switch , the water level and temperature regulation for the protection of trip switches, etc.; another solid-state relay switching control signals by the strength of the signal voltage disconnect and loading, such as electromagnetic inlet valve opening and closing, opening and closing the heater thermostat , and instantly the heater to create a control box cleaning agents and disinfectants control box, and so on. Figure 1 in the analog signal used to achieve the following major aspects of functions: (1) Temperature Sensor temperature / Xiaodaishui temperature detection; (2) through the man-machine interface display, keyboard input and output, such as voice achieve temperature, washing process shows that the fault type and display; (3) According to user needs by setting button to select washing mode, and through function keys launch-related functional; (4) the use of statistical machine, cleaning agents and the use of disinfectants dose counting; (5) Failure Alarm, as well as, washing complete the report. 作為一種家庭自動化設備，洗碗機一般需要實現(xiàn)諸如自動控制進水、自動加洗滌劑、冷洗、自動加溫洗、清洗、排水、殺菌消毒，以及定時和故障報警等功能。從被控制量角度出發(fā)，一個洗碗機通常需要滿足圖１所示的一些具體要求，其中涉及的開關量信號有兩種，一種是傳感器的高、低電平信號檢測，如機門開關、水位高低、溫度調(diào)節(jié)保護器和行程開關等；另一種開關信號經(jīng)由固態(tài)繼電器控制強弱電壓信號的斷開和加載，如進水電磁閥門的開合、恒溫加熱器的開合、瞬間加熱器的開合、清潔劑控制盒和消毒劑控制盒的工作等。圖１中所涉及的模擬量信號主要用于實現(xiàn)以下幾方面的功能： （１）用溫度傳感器實現(xiàn)水溫／消毒水溫度檢測； （２）通過人機接口的顯示輸出、鍵盤輸入和聲音輸出等實現(xiàn)水溫顯示、洗滌過程顯示以及故障類型顯示等； （３）根據(jù)用戶需要通過設置鍵選擇洗滌模式，并通過功能鍵啟動相關功能； （４）機器使用情況統(tǒng)計、清潔劑和消毒劑劑量的使用情況計數(shù)等； （５）故障報警以及、洗滌完成報告等。 2 dishwashers control system hardware design To address the above function and reliability, cost and ease of use factors such as maintenance, and the author of the design shown in Figure 2 dishwashers control system. SCM system is the smallest and MCS-51 compatible with the AT-MEL companies low-power high-performance CMOS chip design AT89LS8252, k-chip 8-byte programmable flash memory storage system for the procedures to be adopted by the SPI interface download programs; and 2 k bytes of EEPROM is used to store key parameters, such as the boot password maintenance, product serial number, the number of boot, washing setting parameters; 256 bytes of RAM used to store temporary variables. In view of the dishwashers have more of the switching signal, therefore, the use of parallel design chips 8255 to expand the I / O interface, and to meet some of P1 and P3 I pin the use of its input and output ratio of 21 / 14, which buzzer from P1.3 control. From the reliability point of view, part of the input and output using photoelectric isolation measures. Consider that part of the drive signal required by the larger drive current, therefore, the design uses power-driven devices ULN2803 to drive. There are two temperature acquisition programme: First, the use of thermal resistance with a MAX150 chip AD converter, and then deposited in the program memory in the form to achieve the current temperature; Second, the use of three-DS18B20 temperature sensor for acquisition, direct access to the temperature data . In contrast, after a simple programme more economical. LED display and keyboard use HD7279A  3  to control, the circuit shown in Figure 3. HD7279A without external components can directly drive a total of eight vaginal LED digital pipe; corresponding pin DIG0 ~ 0 ~ 3 digital output driver; pin SA ~ SG and DP is a paragraph corresponding to ~ g and the decimal point drive output can be independently controlled to decode / decoding and attributes such as blanking and scintillation. ２ 洗碗機控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設計 針對上述功能及可靠性、成本和方便使用維護等因素，筆者設計了圖２所示的洗碗機控制系統(tǒng)。 單片機最小系統(tǒng)采用與ＭＣＳ－５１兼容的ＡＴ-ＭＥＬ公司低功耗高性能ＣＭＯＳ芯片ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２設計，其中片內(nèi)８ｋ字節(jié)在線可編程閃存用以存放系統(tǒng)程序，可通過ＳＰＩ接口來下載程序；而２ｋ字節(jié)的ＥＥＰＲＯＭ則用以存放關鍵參數(shù)，如開機維護密碼、產(chǎn)品的序列號、開機次數(shù)、洗滌設置參數(shù)等；２５６字節(jié)的ＲＡＭ用來存放臨時變量。 鑒于本洗碗機有較多的開關量信號，故此，設計中使用并行芯片８２５５來擴展Ｉ／Ｏ接口，以配合Ｐ１和Ｐ３口部分管腳的使用，其輸出和輸入的比例為２１／１４，其中蜂鳴器由Ｐ１．３控制。從可靠性角度出發(fā)，輸入和輸出部分都采用光電隔離措施?？紤]到部分驅(qū)動信號所要求的驅(qū)動電流較大，因此，本設計選用功率驅(qū)動器件ＵＬＮ２８０３來驅(qū)動。 溫度采集有兩種方案：一是使用熱敏電阻配合芯片ＭＡＸ１５０進行ＡＤ轉換，然后通過存放在程序存儲器里的表格來求得當前溫度；二是使用三端溫度傳感器ＤＳ１８Ｂ２０進行采集，直接得到溫度數(shù)據(jù)。相比之下，后一種方案較為經(jīng)濟簡捷。 PO Bus Driver74LS245 DB 8255 Switch output CB Buzzer Address buffer74LS573 AB Switch Input CPU AT89LS8252 Y8255 DB P2 Address decoding74LS138 YMAX150 AD samplingMAX150 CB Minimum System CB Read / write control Keyboard and Four 8-segment LED circuit continuity display management 4*4 keyboard P1 Figure 2 controller hardware structure 鍵盤和ＬＥＤ顯示選用ＨＤ７２７９Ａ３來進行控制，其電路圖如圖３所示。ＨＤ７２７９Ａ無需外圍元件即可直接驅(qū)動８位共陰式ＬＥＤ數(shù)碼管；引腳ＤＩＧ０～３對應０～３位數(shù)字輸出驅(qū)動；引腳ＳＡ～ＳＧ和ＤＰ則對應于段ａ～ｇ及小數(shù)點的驅(qū)動輸出；各位可獨立控制譯碼／不譯碼及消隱和閃爍等屬性。 The chip there are three types of instruction: The first one is without six of the eight data-orders, such as reduction, testing, left / right (cycle) and transposition; second is the 7 with 16 orders data , including downloading data by means 0 / 1 decoder, download not decoding, scintillation, blanking, paragraph lit, closed; third keyboard data is read instructions. Serial way they are used to communicate with AT89LS8252, DATA-pin serial data from the chip into by the CLK-synchronization. When the chip-select signal CS into low, the data on DATA-pin will be in the CLK pin at the rising edge of the buffer HD7279A was written into the register. In addition, the chip contains HD7279A to jitter circuitry, which can be controlled 64 key keyboard matrix. Figure 2, components for the 4 × 4 JKEY keyboard interface, when a key is pressed, the output pin LOW KEY, LED1 bright light-emitting diodes, the state has been key to the release. If at this time to receive the "Reading keyboard" commands 15 H, in the first half of the directive, DATA pin will be in a high-impedance state to receive instructions from the microprocessor. In the latter half of the directive, the DATA input pins from state to state output for the output value ofthe code by pressing the button. 該芯片共有三種類型的指令：第一種是６條不帶數(shù)據(jù)的８位純指令，如復位、測試、左／右（循環(huán)）移位等；第二種是７條１６位帶數(shù)據(jù)指令，包括下載數(shù)據(jù)按方式０／１譯碼、下載不譯碼、閃爍、消隱、段點亮、關閉等；第三種是讀取鍵盤數(shù)據(jù)指令。它們均采用串行方式與ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２進行通訊，串行數(shù)據(jù)從ＤＡＴＡ引腳送入芯片并由ＣＬＫ端同步。當片選信號ＣＳ變?yōu)榈碗娖胶?，ＤＡＴＡ引腳上的數(shù)據(jù)將在ＣＬＫ引腳的上升沿時被寫入ＨＤ７２７９Ａ的緩沖寄存器。 此外，ＨＤ７２７９Ａ片內(nèi)含有去抖動電路，可控制６４鍵鍵盤矩陣。圖３中，元件ＪＫＥＹ為４×４鍵盤接口，當有鍵按下時，ＫＥＹ引腳輸出低電平，發(fā)光二極管ＬＥＤ１發(fā)亮，該狀態(tài)一直保持到按鍵松開。此時如果接收到“讀鍵盤”指令１５Ｈ，在指令前半段，ＤＡＴＡ引腳將處于高阻狀態(tài)以接受來自微處理器的指令。而在指令后半段，ＤＡＴＡ引腳則從輸入狀態(tài)轉為輸出狀態(tài)，用以輸出所按下的鍵代碼值。 3 dishwasher Control System Software Design Functional modules of the system by washing process can be divided into six stages: influent process, process heating, cleaning agents into the process, control motor rotating cleaning process, injected Xiaodaishui disinfection process and the drainage process. Dishwasher at the same time to ensure that the normal work of the process vulnerable to failure, the system also set up a fault alarm or shutdown feature. Dishwashers system software in accordance with the preparation of the work processes. The main software modules with power-on self test, state initialization, display the current default state, the state entered the keyboard scan button and wait for the press operation, as well as operating under the corresponding key into the process, and its main program flow as shown in Figure 3. ???? Users, dishwashers state should first check whether it is normal, if normal, press the power switch weak, according to wash requested washing mode (or use the default mode), Add to bowl cleaning room, and then close the doors, press start button. , The controller of water level and water temperature, to determine whether the water temperature and heating, bringing the preparatory work completed, motor start cleaning. Next then cleaning agent into the washing room, high and low level detection at the same time, if the lower water level, water immediately, in order to ensure cleaning effect. Upon completion of cleaning, such as a bowl of water on the air after a period of time, dishwasher temperature to be injected Xiaodaishui were disinfected. Upon completion of washing, buzzer call that washing completed on time and the initial controller settings to user mode. In the washing process and the keys were each corresponding to one of the bright light-emitting diodes eliminate, the process and to indicate whether or not the normal keys. Washing completed, the user opens doors, remove dishes, and then power to end the entire washing process. In the system software subroutine, the need for keyboard / display module for the management, including the initialization subroutine, sent subroutine, receiving subroutine, interrupt subroutine, such as display subroutine. Keyboard settings through which users can be set washing mode modules, each process and the length of time washing dose, and may at any time by the corresponding button suspended or terminated washing process. Technical maintenance staff through keyboard / display module for entering the correct password to the use of machinery such as machine serial number, frequency of the use of machines, but also on the key parameters set according to the actual situation. ３　洗碗機控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設計 本系統(tǒng)功能模塊按洗碗過程可分為六個階段：進水過程、加溫過程、注入清潔劑過程、控制電機旋轉清洗過程、注入消毒水消毒過程和排水過程。同時為確保洗碗機正常工作，對容易出故障的過程，系統(tǒng)還設置了故障報警或停機功能。系統(tǒng)軟件可按照洗碗機的工作流程進行編寫。主要的軟件模塊有開機自檢、狀態(tài)初始化、顯示當前默認狀態(tài)，進入鍵盤掃描狀態(tài)并等待操作鍵按下，以及根據(jù)操作鍵轉入相應流程等，其主程序流程見圖４所示。 ??? 用戶使用前，應首先檢查洗碗機狀態(tài)是否正常，若狀態(tài)正常，按下弱電源開關，根據(jù)洗滌要求設置洗滌模式（或使用默認方式），將碗放入清洗室，然后關上機門，按下開始鍵。之后，控制器檢測水位高低和水溫，以決定是否進水與恒溫加熱，至此準備工作完成，啟動電機進行清洗。接下來再把清潔劑注入清洗室，同時檢測水位高低，若水位較低，則立即進水，以保證清洗效果。清洗完成后，等碗上的水空一段時間后，洗碗機再注入高溫消毒水進行消毒。洗滌完成后，蜂鳴器鳴叫，表明洗滌完成，同時控制器回到用戶初始設置模式。洗滌中每一過程和按鍵均對應有一發(fā)光二極管的亮滅，用以顯示過程和按鍵的正常與否。洗滌完成后，用戶打開機門，取出碗盤，然后斷電即可結束整個洗碗過程。 在該系統(tǒng)軟件子程序中，需要對鍵盤／顯示管理模塊進行說明，包括初始化子程序、發(fā)送子程序、接收子程序、中斷子程序、顯示子程序等。其中用戶通過鍵盤設置模塊可以設定洗滌模式、每一過程的時間長短以及洗滌劑量大小，也可隨時按相應的功能鍵暫停或中止洗滌過程。技術維護人員可以通過鍵盤／顯示管理模塊輸入正確密碼來查詢機器的使用狀況，如機器序列號、機器的使用次數(shù)等，也可對關鍵參數(shù)根據(jù)實際情況進行設置。 Start Power-on self test state initialization / Display N Check whether there is a bond? Y Judge keys Set bond / Display Function keys Whether the closed doors? N Not influent Heating temperature Y Thermostat Temperature / Display Y Whether the low water level? N N Water temperature set to meet? Influent / Display Water enough, commissioner influent Completion of the preparatory work at home signs Delay ready to start second grade dishwasher Injection cleaning agent Electric rotation began cleaning / Display Time to disconnect Time to stop motor Instantaneous heating 5 ~ 6 seconds High-temperature injection Xiaodaishui Narcotics / Display Finished washing dishes, Stop related functions, Related signs removed Figure 3 dishwasher Software Process ?? Failure Alarm function module voltage fault in the workplace, into the valve failure, heater failure, electrical failure, cleaning agents injected into the fault and the fault Xiaodaishui temperature when used buzzer alarm, at the same time, cut-control signals, in order to ensure system security. ? 故障報警功能模塊可在工作電壓故障、進水閥故障、加熱器故障、電機故障、清潔劑注入故障以及高溫消毒水注入故障發(fā)生時用蜂鳴器報警，同時斷掉強電控制信號，以確保系統(tǒng)安全。 4 Conclusion The control system has been successfully debugging, testing good performance can be realized by the automatic dishwasher required functions, and simple practical. But there are areas which require improvement, such as the drainage need manual intervention, man-machine interface can be considered more effective use of the characters or graphics LCD, the system needs to be raised, such as integration. ４　結論 該控制系統(tǒng)目前已經(jīng)調(diào)試成功，試驗性能良好，可實現(xiàn)本自動洗碗機所要求的功能，而且簡捷實用。但還有需要完善提高的地方，如排水需要人工干預、人機接口可考慮選用效果更好的字符或圖形ＬＣＤ、系統(tǒng)集成度有待提高等。 - 12 -