高一英語人教版必修2《Unit 5 Music》期末知識梳理

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111 人教新課標(biāo)版高一必修二Unit 5 Music期末知識梳理 一、訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)入 I.考綱單詞 寫出下列考綱詞匯的詞性和漢義(如果不止一個(gè)詞性學(xué)生自行增補(bǔ)詞性及相應(yīng)漢義) 1.folk 2.musician 3.pretend 4.form 5.earn 6.perform 7.studio 8.actor 9.rely 10.broadcast 11.humorous 12.attractive 13.addition 14.confident 15.invitation II.核心短語 1 ._______of 夢見；夢想；設(shè)想 2._______importance to認(rèn)為有【重要性，意義】附上；連接 3.play_______on 戲弄 4._______so大約 5.above_______最重要；首先； 6.to be_______說實(shí)在地，實(shí)話 說 7._______cash 用現(xiàn)金，用現(xiàn)錢 8.be/ge_______wit ht 熟悉，與----熟悉起來 9.break_______—打碎，分裂，解體 10._______out分類 11.rely_______依靠 12.go_______復(fù)習(xí)，過一遍 13._______different directions朝不同方向 14._______addition 另外 15._______cheque,用支票 16.make_______構(gòu)成 17.feel________不高興 18.go_______出故障 19.stick_______堅(jiān)持 20.agree________答成共識 二、知識精講 I.重點(diǎn)詞匯 1. roll n. 卷狀物; 小圓面包; 搖擺; 搖晃 vt. & vi. （使某物）滾動(dòng); 搖晃 [典例] 1). The slow, steady roll of the ship made us feel sick.船老是晃晃悠悠的, 弄得我們很惡心。 2). Six brown rolls, please. 請給我來六個(gè)黑面包。 [重點(diǎn)用法] roll sth up（將某物）卷或繞成球形或圓柱形; 卷起（某物） roll in 滾滾而來; 大量涌來 2. attach vt. & vi. 系上； 縛上；附加；連接 [典例] 1). He will attach a label to each piece of luggage. 他會把每件行李上都加上標(biāo)簽。 2). Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你認(rèn)為他說的話重要嗎? [重點(diǎn)用法] attach (sth.) to(sth.)將某物系在、縛在或附在（另一物）上 attach to sb. / sth. 與某人相關(guān)聯(lián); 歸于某人 3. form vt. 形成﹑ 構(gòu)成﹑ 組成 [典例] 1). The reservoir was formed by flooding the valley. 這個(gè)水庫是引水淹沒山谷而形成的。 2). His research formed the basis of his new book. 他的研究成果是他這本新書的基礎(chǔ)。 [重點(diǎn)用法] form sth. from sth. （使）形成﹑ 構(gòu)成﹑ 組成 form sb. / sth. into sth. 將（某人[某事物]）按一定順序排列 4. reply vt. 指望或依賴某人[某事物] [典例] 1). Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us. 現(xiàn)今人們越來越依賴計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)助工作 2). I relied on you(r) coming early. 我指望你早來。 [重點(diǎn)用法][ reply on/upon sb/sth (to do sth) 指望或依賴某人[某事物] 5. brief adj. 簡短的; 簡潔的n. 摘要；任務(wù)簡介 [典例] 1). Mozart's life was brief. 莫扎特的一生是短暫的。 2). It's not part of my brief to train new employees. 訓(xùn)練新雇員不是我工作范圍以內(nèi)的事。 [重點(diǎn)用法] in brief 簡言之 to be brief 簡單地說，一句話 II.重點(diǎn)詞組 1. dream of夢想 [典例] 1). I dreamt about flying last night. 昨夜我夢見我在飛翔。 2). Was it real or did I dream it? 是真的還是我當(dāng)時(shí)在做夢? [短語歸納] dream of /about (doing) sth. 夢見做…… dream of/about sb./sth夢見某人/某物 dream one’s life away虛度光陰 2. break up分裂；解體；打碎；結(jié)束 [典例] 1). The crowd started to break up when the night fell.天快黑時(shí)人群開始散開了。 2). Their marriage broke up.他們的婚姻破裂了。 [短語歸納] break away from擺脫；脫離 break down出故障；分解； break into破門而入 break out爆發(fā) break through突破 3.sort out 分類 [典例] 1). We must sort out the good apples from the bad. 咱們得把好蘋果揀出來, 同壞的分開。 2). Let's leave them to sort themselves out. 他們的事兒讓他們自己解決吧。 [短語歸納] sort out整理 sort sth/oneself out解決（某個(gè)[自己的]問題等） III.重點(diǎn)句型 1. Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends．素不相識的人們經(jīng)常議論他們的私生活就像是談?wù)撍麄冇H密的朋友一樣。 [解釋] 1). 連詞as if=as though，意為“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等連系動(dòng)詞的后面。其后的從句可以用陳述語氣，但多用于虛擬語氣。如： How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白發(fā)十分凌亂，好像觸了電似的。(虛擬語氣) She seems as訂she is going to cry． 她似乎要哭了。(陳述事實(shí)) 2).as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，還可以跟名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語和分詞。如‘ He acts as if a fool．他做事像個(gè)傻子。 He raised his hand as if to take off his hat． 他舉起他的手，好像要取下帽子。 3). as if (though)還可以表達(dá)感嘆語氣，來對某項(xiàng)建議、假設(shè)和推測表示不贊成、驚訝、不滿和厭惡等。如： As if anyone would believe that story!好像有人竟會相信那樣的事! As if we were all stupid and he alone clever! 哼，就仿佛我們都是傻瓜，只有他一個(gè)人聰明似的。 2. However，after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work，the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band．然而，大約一年以后，他們對自己的工作逐漸認(rèn)真起來?！伴T基”組合開始像一支真正的樂隊(duì)那樣演唱他們自己的歌曲了。 [解釋] in which在這兒引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a year or so，故可換成關(guān)系副詞when，“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”大多可轉(zhuǎn)換成關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如： I shall never forget the day on which(=when)we moved into our new house． 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們搬進(jìn)新居的那一天。 三、語法突破 定語從句 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是定語從句中較復(fù)雜的一種，多用于正式文體中。這類定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有 which， whom， whose 。它們既可引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，又可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)這種定語從句時(shí)要注意以下幾種情況： 一、注意介詞的選取 “介詞” + “關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，介詞的選取應(yīng)根據(jù)如下幾點(diǎn)： 1 ．根據(jù)介詞和定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配。如： ? Who is the man with whom you just shook hands？ 剛才和你握手的人是誰？ ? The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 馬克思不大有把握的兩個(gè)方面是語法和某些習(xí)慣用語。 ［典型考例 1 ］ In the dark street there wasn't a single person_____ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C.from whom D.to whom 析：答案為 D 。介詞 to 和定語從句中的 turn 構(gòu)成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help。 意為“向某人求助”。 2 ．根據(jù)定語從句意思的需要，此時(shí)不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。 如：? He had a bad cold， because of which he didn't attend the meeting. 他患了重感冒，因此未能參加會議。 　The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition. 這輛車的速度要根據(jù)路面狀況而定。 ?。鄣湫涂祭?2 ］ In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.，_______ many people have got home. 　　 A. whose time B.that C. on which D. by which 　　 析：答案為 D 。根據(jù)句意“到下午 5 ： 30 時(shí)，許多人已經(jīng)到家了”，且定語從句中又用了完成時(shí)，故應(yīng)用介詞 by。 　　 3。 根據(jù)意思也可用復(fù)雜介詞，如 by means of ，as a result of， in front of， in the back of ，all of ， most of 等，如： 　　 (1) The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer. 用來測量溫度的儀器叫溫度計(jì)。 　　 （ 2 ） There are forty students in the classroom， all of whom are working hard at a problem in mathematics. 教室里有四十個(gè)學(xué)生，他們都在努力計(jì)算一道數(shù)學(xué)難題。 二、注意關(guān)系代詞的選取 　　 在“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，如果關(guān)系代詞指代事物就用 which; 如果指代人則用 whom; 若表示“……的”則用 whose。 如： 1． This is the classroom in which we studied last year. 這就是我們?nèi)ツ陮W(xué)習(xí)的教室。 2.There are sixty students in our class， twenty of whom are girls. 我們班有六十個(gè)學(xué)生，其中二十個(gè)是女生。 3.He lives in a house， whose door opens to the north. 他住的房子門是朝北開的。 　［典型考例 1 ］ He paid the boy ＄ 10 for washing the windows， most of _____ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.(MET1990) A. those B. these C. that D. which 　　 ［典型考例 2 ］ The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. （上海 2000 春招） A ． who B. about whom C.whom D.with whom 　析：考例 1 中關(guān)系代詞指代“窗子”，故用 which， 答案為 D ；考例 2 中關(guān)系代詞指代人，故用 whom，它又和后面的 told 構(gòu)成固定搭配 tell sb. about sb./sth. ，故答案為 B 。 三、注意關(guān)系代詞的替換 　　 1 ．介詞 in， on， at， for 等與關(guān)系代詞 which 一起引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可與相關(guān)的關(guān)系副詞 when， where， why 等替換。如： 　　 (1)America is the country in which George Washington was born. 美國是喬治?華盛頓出生的國家。 (in which 用 where 替換 ) 　　 (2)I have forgotten the exact date on which this small country became independent. 我忘了這個(gè)國家獨(dú)立的確切日期了。 (on which 用 when 替換 ) 　　 (3)The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. 他拒絕去赴宴的原因是他沒受到他們的邀請。 (for which 用 why 替換 ) 　　 2。 “名詞 +of + 關(guān)系代詞 ” 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可與相關(guān)的關(guān)系副詞“ whose + 名詞”替換。如： (1)I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasn't been done. 我要和沒完成作業(yè)的同學(xué)談話。 (the homework of whom 用 whose homework 替換 ) 　　 (2)She lives in the house the windows of which face to the east. 她住在一棟窗戶朝東的房子里。 (the windows of which 用 whose windows 替換 ) 四、注意不能拆開的動(dòng)詞短語 　　 并不是所有的動(dòng)詞短語都能拆開，要注意有些動(dòng)詞短語不能拆開使用。這樣的動(dòng)詞短語常用的有： look after， look for， turn in， pay attention to， take care of， depend on， listen to 等。如： 1。The babies (whom)the nurses are looking after are very healthy . 保育員照看的嬰兒都很健康。 　2。Is this the book (which/that)she was looking for ？ 這是她正在找的那本書嗎？ 　3。Where is the wallet (which/that)you turned in yesterday？ 你昨天上交的錢包哪去了？ 4。These are the words (which/that)you should pay attention to.這些是你應(yīng)該注意的單詞。 五、注意“介詞 +where ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 　　 有時(shí)我們可以見到“介詞 +where ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此時(shí)要和“介詞 +which” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。如： 1。His head soon appeared out of the window， from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的頭很快從窗口露出來，從那兒除了樹木他什么也看不見。 (from where 相當(dāng)于 from out of the window. 而不是 from the window) 2。They stood on the top of the building， from where they could see the whole city. 他們站在樓頂上，從那兒能看到整個(gè)城市。 (from where 相當(dāng)于 from the top of the building， 而不是 from the buiding) 六.介詞+關(guān)系代詞除后面加句子引導(dǎo)定語從句外，還可直接跟不定式作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。 如：He has saved another thousand dollars with which to support his family. =He has saved another thousand dollars with which he could support his family. 他又?jǐn)€了一千塊錢，用這些錢他可以養(yǎng)活他的家庭。 注：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，若把介詞移至句尾，whom和which必須省略。比較： I have found a room in which to put my things. (正) I have found a room which to put my things in. (誤) I have found a room to put my things in. (正) 練一練： 一. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空，必要時(shí)可加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 1）Avatar is a very successful film, ____ is known to us. 2) Jack was a famous doctor, with the help ____ ______ the young doctor succeeded in an operation. 3) There are a great many overseas students in our university, most _________ come from America. 4) I have read the novel, _______ title is Red and Black. 5) The foreign guests spoke highly of the children and their performance ______they saw at the Children’s Palace. 6) I asked several friends for help, none ___________ were ready to give me a hand. 二. 單選： 1）The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, __ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 2）The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3）American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____they can talk frequently. A.who B. as C. about which D. with whom 4）In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home. 　A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which 5）Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, __ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 6) There are two buildings, __ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger　B. the larger of them　C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 7) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 8）we showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ hand taken more than three hours. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 三. 改錯(cuò) 1. Simon helped Peter repair his guitar, for that he was very grateful. 2. I like songs to which the feelings of love is expressed. 3. I enjoyed my holiday on which I went to a concert of pop music. 4. I like my music teacher for which I have great respect. 5. I have many friends of which some are musicians. 6. Peter went to a concert at whom his favorite band played and sang. 四 翻譯 1. 我們班級有44位同學(xué)，大多數(shù)同學(xué)都對音樂感興趣。 2. 這幢房子很漂亮，前面坐著一個(gè)男孩。 3．我買了一只中國花瓶，它的價(jià)格很合理。 答案： 一 填空 1. which 2. of whom 3. of whom 4. whose 5. that 6. of whom 二 單選 ACDDB DAC 三 改錯(cuò) 1. that→which 2. to→in 3.on→during 4.which→whom 5. which→whom 6.whom→which 四 翻譯 1. There are forty-four students in our class, most of whom are interested in music. 2. This is a beautiful house, in front of which there is a boy sitting. 3. I bought a Chinese vase, the price of which is reasonable. 四、單元自測 第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．The traffic in our city is already good and it ________ even better. A．is getting?? ???B．has got C．gets? ????D．got 1. A　 2．________，I don't think we have a chance of winning. A．To be honest with you B．To start with C．To make matters worse D．To telling you the truth 3．If you don't like the present job，I suggest you look for another one ________ it's too late. A．until? ????B．when C．before? ????D．once 4．Tom put his heart into the wildlife research，and finally，his efforts ________ him a great success and fame. A．saved? ????B．earned C．made? ????D．offered 5．________，meeting strangers means seeing the unknown.And it's human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about the unknown. A．After all? ???B．In all C．At all? ????D．For all 6．—Ring me at 5 am？No，better not so early！I ________. —I got it. A．will sleep? ???B．sleep C．a(chǎn)m sleeping? ???D．will be sleeping 7．—Just think，all that work for nothing.What a fool I was! —________. A．Ah，don't think any more about it really B．Well，I'm glad that's over C．I'd rather not say anything about that D．Here's hoping you're able to do it well 8．On April 1st，the westerners will play ________ on each other but make sure that no one is hurt. A．fun? ????B．fool C．jokes? ????D．games 9．Everyone's attention was drawn to the eightyearold girl who was ________ the piano perfectly. A．a(chǎn)cting????? ???B．behaving C．doing????? ???D．performing 10．She is________ the newspapers to be thrown away and putting away the rest. A．sorting out?? ???B．figuring out C．making out?? ???D．turning out 11．—What a qualified husband he is! —Definitely.Lots of people are touched by his ________ to??? his wife who has weak eyesight. A．devotion? ? ??B．deed C．satisfaction??? ??D．service 12．—Why did the police? ________ the crowd? —Because the president's car ________ in the street. A．break down; broke down B．break up; broke up C．break down; broke up D．break up; broke down 13．You may certainly ________ his words，for he always speaks the truth. A．pay attention to? ??B．a(chǎn)sk for C．suffer from???? ??D．rely on 14．Many of us Chinese people are ________? with the beauty of Hangzhou and Suzhou. A．a(chǎn)ttractive?? ???B．confident C．familiar???? ???D．sensitive 15．You'll ________ the department until the end of the year.Next year you will be rearranged. A．be attached to? ??B．be belonged to C．owe to? ????D．contribute to 第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分；滿分30分） 閱讀下面的短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 Before discussing different kinds of emotions, let us briefly talk about how researchers 1 bodily processes, actions and behavior, and how this relates to what we do in our daily lives when we observe emotions in 2 . Bodily processes can be directly measured by 3 of a polygraph(測謊儀). When a polygraph is skillfully used to 4 how we react bodily with what we are 5 , it is called a "lie detector". Bodily processes can also be measured 6 . This is what we do when we observe someone blushing (臉紅). However, we are not always 7 of what bodily processes respond to. Measuring action or behavior is the other way researchers assess the 8 . 9 , one measure of fear of snakes is how 10 a person will go to the snake. Another procedure is to have a person 11 how afraid he is, or how he feels, in this way, researchers have 12 the so-called "fear thermometer" to assess a person's fear. 13 our everyday living, we do very much the same thing. Only not too 14 . We react to what a person does, what he says, 15 he says it, and how he looks. Is he smiling? Is his voice trembling? We put all this 16 together to infer what a person is feeling. 17 , we do not always act as we feel. Sometimes we do things that we don't feel like doing. 18 we say we feel one way and then we act another. Actors, for example, successfully learn to "make believe" emotions, or learn to 19 them. Thus we 20 always tell what a person is feeling by what he says or by what he does. 1. A. measure B. describe C. make D. use 2. A. other B. others C. another D. the others 3. A. ways B. methods C. means D. tools 4. A. combine B. treat C. examine D. compare 5. A. doing B. saying C. observing D. carrying 6. A. directly B. indirectly C. easily D. difficultly 7. A. afraid B. fond C. aware D. accused 8. A. expressions B. reactions C. conclusions D. emotions 9. A. For example B. On one hand C. As well as D. At times 10. A. slow B. fast C. far D. close 11. A. tell B. say C. talk D. speak 12. A. approved B. discovered C. developed D. informed 13. A. During B. With C. On D. In 14. A. really B. systematically C. naturally D. eventually 15. A. why B. where C. how D. whether 16. A. imaginations B. observations C. impressions D. awareness 17. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Anyway 18. A. Sometime B. Someway C. Sometimes D. Anytime 19. A. express B. hide C. act D. say 20. A. needn’t B. shan’t C. won’t D. cannot A I'd been thinking of it so long; it seemed like the only thing to do-to show my baby, who had eyes as green as water and whose name means the sea, the ocean． "Babies are supposed to instinctually know who they daddy is," Gerald, Dooriya's daddy, said, holding Dooriya before him．"But she don't recognize nothing．" Everybody had something to say about raising my baby, but none of them actually did any raising．Taking Dooriya to see the ocean had become the only thing that kept me from feeling like my life was an everlasting losing race, this vision of what could be for my little girl．When I told Momma about my plans to visit the lighthouse（燈塔）at Cape Hatteras, she just spun her broken record． "That baby'11 never understand a thing of what she's seeing．" "My baby book says I should treat her just like any other child．It's good to show her beautiful things even if she don't know what she's seeing．It helps her brain develop．How's her brain gonna develop if all she ever sees is the walls inside this crummy house?" "That child's brain ain't never gonna develop．We love her, but it's not like she's ever gonna not be a Mongoloid（先天愚型患者）．" I had read a half-dozen books about Down Syndrome that said stimulation（刺激）might improve a child's chances of developing to her fullest potential．And what's more stimulating than a trip to see the ocean? Guidebooks described the area as the land of beginnings, which I liked the sound of．But before I could map out a plan, I woke up one night when Dooriya hiccupped （打嗝）．Then she just stopped breathing．The ER doctor gave me a pamphlet on SIDS （sudden infant death syndrome） and said, children with Down Syndrome are much more likely to be affected by this sort of thing． I didn't remember much about driving to Cape Hatteras, especially taking Dooriya from the hospital． But up on that lighthouse, with its broad spiral running up and around it like a black and white barber's pole, I saw my life twist into the air． As I climbed the winding stairs, I counted the steps, 268 in all, stopping on 77, Dooriya's very number of days on this planet．At the top, I held Dooriya up to the Atlantic, its cold air raising the thin soft hair on her head．With her eyes closed and her arms spread out, it looked like she was bathing in the warmth of the sun． 1．From Gerald's words "But she don't recognize nothing．" we know ____． A．The baby was probably born with the eye problem B．The father thought the baby was abnormal C．The baby could recognize nothing except her father D．The father made up an excuse not to care for the baby 2．Did anybody else besides her mother actually take the responsibility to raise the baby? A．The father． B．The grandma． C．Nobody． D．The doctor． 3．The reason why the mother wanted to take her baby to see the ocean is that ____． A．She believed seeing the ocean could help cure her baby's disease B．She wanted her baby to enjoy her remaining time C．She believed the ocean was the land of beginnings D．She wanted her baby to enjoy nature 4．Which of the following is true according to the text? A．The doctor eventually saved the life of the baby． B．The baby was disabled by her careless mother． C．The baby enjoyed the sunshine while seeing the ocean． D．The disease SIDS took away the life of the baby． B Steve Jobs made technology fun．The co-founder of Apple died last Wednesday at the age of fifty-six He had fought for years against cancer．Mourners gathered outside his house in Palo Alto, California, and Apple stores around the world． Tim Bajarin, president of a high-tech research and consulting company, said "If you actually look at a tech leader, they're really happy if they have one hit in their life．Steve Jobs has the Apple II, the Mac, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad and Pixar．" Steve Jobs was a college dropout．He was adopted by a machinist and his wife, an accountant．They supported his early interest in electronics． He and his friend Steve Wozniak started Apple Computer—now just called Apple—in nineteen seventy-six．They stayed at the company until nineteen eighty-five．That year, Steve Wozniak returned to college and Steve Jobs left in a dispute（分歧）with the c