往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),往復(fù),設(shè)計(jì)
長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 編號(hào) 20141051333 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) The design of reciprocating coal feeder 學(xué) 生 姓 名鄧增濤專(zhuān) 業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化學(xué) 號(hào)1051333指 導(dǎo) 教 師吳翠紅分 院機(jī)電工程分院2014年 6 月 長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要給煤設(shè)備是煤礦生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的主要設(shè)備之一,給煤設(shè)備的可靠性,特別是關(guān)鍵咽喉部位給煤設(shè)備的可靠性,直接影響整個(gè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。隨著煤炭工業(yè)的發(fā)展,煤礦井型不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大,現(xiàn)有型往復(fù)給煤機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力小,不能滿(mǎn)足大型礦井的要求,因此,改進(jìn)和擴(kuò)大現(xiàn)有型往復(fù)給煤機(jī)是完全必要的。本說(shuō)明書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)主要是:先通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算給煤機(jī)的主要運(yùn)動(dòng)部件即給煤槽的運(yùn)行速度和所受的運(yùn)行阻力來(lái)求得電動(dòng)機(jī)功率,然后在設(shè)計(jì)出減速器、曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu),給煤槽,托輥組件等主要運(yùn)行部件。最后設(shè)計(jì)給煤機(jī)箱體,傳動(dòng)平臺(tái)等輔助部件。在本次往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,著重對(duì)減速器、給煤槽、曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)、托輥進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計(jì)。對(duì)重要的部件進(jìn)行了受力分析、強(qiáng)度的校核,根據(jù)其常見(jiàn)失效形式、影響因素及基本設(shè)計(jì)要求,給出了重要部件的受力分析、強(qiáng)度和剛度的設(shè)計(jì)方法。關(guān)鍵詞:往復(fù)式給煤機(jī) 減速器 曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu) ABSTRACT Coal mine production equipment is one of the main equipment for coal equipment,the reliability of it, in particular parts of the throat is the key to the reliability of such equipment, will directly affect the normal operation of production systems. Practice has proved that the existing reciprocating Feeder small production, installation and dismantling inconvenient, and the disadvantages of implants uniform. With the development of coal industry and coal-wells continues to expand, the existing K-type reciprocating coal production capacity of the small plane, unable to meet the requirements of large-scale mine, therefore, improve and expand existing K-type reciprocating to the coal machine is totally necessary. The design specification is: first through the design calculations for coal is the main moving parts to the coal shafts running speed and suffered the motor running resistance to achieve power. And then design the main component parts operation,such as the speed reducer, crank-connecting rod mechanism for coal chutes, roller trailers. Final design the Auxiliary parts , for example, body chassis of the Reciprocating coal feeder, transmission platforms. Reciprocating in the coal feeder of the design process, the emphasis on the analysis and design for the speed reducer, Coal chute, crank linkage, idler. Important components of the stress analysis, strength check, in accordance with its common failure mode, Factors and basic design requirements, is an important component of the stress analysis, strength and stiffness of the design method. Keywords: Reciprocating coal feeder Reducer Crank-connecting rod mechanism 目 錄緒 論1第一章 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)概述21.1 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的用途21.2 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的組成及工作原理21.2.1 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的組成21.2.2 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)工作原理簡(jiǎn)述21.3往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)特點(diǎn)31.4給煤機(jī)常見(jiàn)的幾種類(lèi)型及比較41.4.1 給煤機(jī)常見(jiàn)的幾種類(lèi)型41.4.2往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)與振動(dòng)式給煤機(jī)的比較71.5設(shè)計(jì)本給煤機(jī)的目的、基本要求及基本參數(shù)71.5.1 設(shè)計(jì)本給煤機(jī)的目的71.5.2 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)滿(mǎn)足大型礦井生產(chǎn)能力的要求71.5.3 基本參數(shù)81.6 本次設(shè)計(jì)所做的基本工作81.7 K-4型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的技術(shù)參數(shù)9第二章 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)102.1往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的參數(shù)102.2給煤機(jī)的總體外型設(shè)計(jì)102.3.1 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的運(yùn)行阻力122.3.2 產(chǎn)生運(yùn)行阻力的因素及力的計(jì)算12第三章 給煤機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)153.1 電機(jī)選型153.2 減速器設(shè)計(jì)153.2.1. 減速器153.2.2 計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)163.3 齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)及校核計(jì)算173.3.1 第一對(duì)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)173.3.2 第二對(duì)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)233.4 軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核計(jì)算293.4.1 中間軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核293.4.2 輸入軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核343.4.3 輸出軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核383.5 軸承的選擇與校核計(jì)算423.5.1 輸入軸上的軸承選擇與校核423.5.2 中間軸上的軸承選擇與校核423.5.3 輸出軸的軸承選擇與校核433.6 鍵的選擇與校核計(jì)算443.6.1 中間軸上鍵的選擇與校核443.6.2 輸出軸上鍵的選擇與校核443.7 軸系部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)453.7.1 軸承蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)45I3.8 軸外伸處的密封設(shè)計(jì)473.9 減速器箱體的設(shè)計(jì)473.10 油面位置及箱座高度的確定493.11 油溝的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及尺寸493.12 檢查孔與檢查孔蓋的設(shè)計(jì)503.13 通氣器的結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸503.14 放油孔、螺塞和封油圈513.15 油標(biāo)指示器523.16 起吊裝置533.17 定位銷(xiāo)543.18 啟蓋螺釘543.19 套筒的設(shè)計(jì)55第四章 給煤機(jī)其余部件設(shè)計(jì)564.1曲柄連桿的設(shè)計(jì)564.1.1 曲柄輪轂鍵的設(shè)計(jì)及校核564.1.2 曲柄連桿其余零件的選取574.2給煤槽的設(shè)計(jì)574.3拖輥組件的設(shè)計(jì)及校核594.3.1輥輪軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算594.3.2輥輪軸強(qiáng)度的校核624.4閘門(mén)的設(shè)計(jì)64第五章 給煤機(jī)的使用注意事項(xiàng)665.1 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)安裝及使用665.2 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)日常檢修與維護(hù)66結(jié) 論67致 謝68參考文獻(xiàn)69II緒 論 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)在我國(guó)煤礦、選煤廠(chǎng)及其它行業(yè)應(yīng)用已有幾十年。給煤設(shè)備是煤礦生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的主要設(shè)備之一,給煤設(shè)備的可靠性,特別是關(guān)鍵咽喉部位給煤設(shè)備的可靠性,直接影響整個(gè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐證明,該設(shè)備對(duì)煤的品種、粒度、外在水份等適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng),與其他給煤設(shè)備相比,具有運(yùn)行可靠、性能穩(wěn)定、噪音低、完全可靠、維護(hù)工作量小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的主要缺點(diǎn)是能耗較高。 隨著煤炭工業(yè)的發(fā)展,煤礦井型不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大,現(xiàn)有型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力小,不能滿(mǎn)足大型礦井的要求。因此,改進(jìn)和擴(kuò)大現(xiàn)有型往復(fù)給煤機(jī)是完全有必要的。 第一章 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)概述 1.1 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的用途 最通用的往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)為K型,一般用于煤或其他磨琢性小、黏性小的松散粒狀物料的給煤,將儲(chǔ)料倉(cāng)或料坑里的物料連續(xù)均勻地卸運(yùn)到運(yùn)輸設(shè)備或其他篩選設(shè)備中。 1.2 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的組成及工作原理1.2.1 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的組成 K型給煤機(jī)由機(jī)架、 底拖板(給煤槽)、電動(dòng)機(jī)、減速器、聯(lián)軸器、傳動(dòng)平臺(tái)、漏斗、閘門(mén)、托輥等組成。本機(jī)可根據(jù)需要設(shè)有帶漏斗、不帶漏斗兩種形式。給煤機(jī)設(shè)有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式:1、帶調(diào)節(jié)閘門(mén) 2、不帶調(diào)節(jié)閘門(mén),其給煤能力由底板行程來(lái)達(dá)到。 1.曲柄 2.減速器 3.電動(dòng)機(jī) 4.連桿 5.斜板 6.托輥 7.底板 圖1.1 給煤機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1.2.2 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)工作原理簡(jiǎn)述 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)是由槽形機(jī)體和帶有曲柄連桿裝置的活動(dòng)地板組成的曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu),地板是工作機(jī)構(gòu)。傳動(dòng)原理:當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)開(kāi)動(dòng)后,經(jīng)彈性聯(lián)軸器、減速器、曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)拖動(dòng)傾斜的底板在托輥上作直線(xiàn)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),當(dāng)?shù)装逭袝r(shí),將煤倉(cāng)和槽形機(jī)體內(nèi)的煤帶到機(jī)體前端;底板逆行時(shí),槽形機(jī)體內(nèi)的煤被機(jī)體后部的斜板擋住,底板與煤之間產(chǎn)生相對(duì)滑動(dòng),機(jī)體前端的煤自行落下。將煤均勻地卸到運(yùn)輸機(jī)械或其它篩選設(shè)備上。 圖1.2 總體簡(jiǎn)圖 1.3往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)特點(diǎn)工作可靠、壽命長(zhǎng);重量輕、體積小、維護(hù)保養(yǎng)方便;結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,運(yùn)行可靠,調(diào)節(jié)安裝方便;封閉式框架結(jié)構(gòu),大大提高了機(jī)架的剛度;裝有限矩形液力偶合器,能滿(mǎn)載啟動(dòng),過(guò)載保護(hù);給煤量大是目前國(guó)內(nèi)最大的給煤設(shè)備;采用了先進(jìn)的平面二次包絡(luò)環(huán)面螺桿減速器設(shè)計(jì),承載能力大,傳動(dòng)效率高;側(cè)襯板與地板之間留縫可調(diào),能較準(zhǔn)確地控制留縫大小,大大減少了漏料;驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置對(duì)稱(chēng)布置,并采用雙推桿,使整機(jī)受力均衡,傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn),消除了底版往復(fù)時(shí)的扭擺現(xiàn)象;地板有立向筋板,并用三道通長(zhǎng)拖輥支撐,保證了地板本身剛度,消除了現(xiàn)有機(jī)械的缺點(diǎn)。結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,維修量小在往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)中,電動(dòng)機(jī)采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,其余大部分是焊接件,損壞部件少,用在煤礦惡劣條件下,其適用性深受使用單位的好評(píng)。性能穩(wěn)定往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)對(duì)煤的牌號(hào),粒度組成,水分、物理性質(zhì)等要求不嚴(yán),當(dāng)來(lái)料不均勻,水分不穩(wěn)定且?jiàn)A有大塊煤、橡膠帶、木頭及鋼絲等時(shí),仍能正常工作。噪音低 的噪音都很低。尤其在井下或煤倉(cāng)等封閉型場(chǎng)所,噪音無(wú)法擴(kuò)散,這一點(diǎn)是電動(dòng)給料機(jī)所無(wú)法達(dá)到的。安裝方便、高度小往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)一般安裝在煤倉(cāng)倉(cāng)口,不需另外配制倉(cāng)口閘門(mén)溜槽及電動(dòng)機(jī)支座,安裝可一步到位,調(diào)整工作量小,而電動(dòng)給煤機(jī)由于不能直接承受倉(cāng)壓,需要另外安放倉(cāng)口過(guò)渡溜槽,相比之下,往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)占有高度小,節(jié)省了建筑面積和投資。正是由于往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)具有上述的特點(diǎn),故而,在煤礦井下和地面生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的咽喉環(huán)節(jié),及在其他需要控制噪音的環(huán)節(jié),應(yīng)首選往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)。 1.4給煤機(jī)常見(jiàn)的幾種類(lèi)型及比較 1.4.1 給煤機(jī)常見(jiàn)的幾種類(lèi)型給煤機(jī)一般可分為往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)、鏈?zhǔn)浇o煤機(jī)、振動(dòng)式給煤機(jī)等。往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)采用懸掛式安裝方式,在地坑基礎(chǔ)完工后,往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)可以直接通過(guò)料斗固定在地坑基礎(chǔ)上。往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)一般用于煤或其他磨琢性小、黏性小的松散粒狀物料的給煤,將儲(chǔ)料倉(cāng)或料坑里的物料連續(xù)均勻地卸運(yùn)到運(yùn)輸設(shè)備或其他篩選設(shè)備中。往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)具有對(duì)煤的品種、粒度、外在水分適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),以及具有較高的可靠性,噪音低、維護(hù)工作量小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。給煤機(jī)底板在往復(fù)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中需承受物料很大的摩擦力,所以需要較大的驅(qū)動(dòng)功率,能耗大。圖1.3 K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)示意圖 配料作業(yè)。給料連續(xù)均衡、穩(wěn)定;操作簡(jiǎn)單,運(yùn)行均衡,無(wú)振動(dòng),無(wú)噪聲,維護(hù)量小,耗電量少;給料量的大小可以隨欲調(diào)節(jié);便于實(shí)現(xiàn)給料自動(dòng)控制。在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,給煤機(jī)的四條刮煤鏈在從動(dòng)軸處,因無(wú)鏈輪定位,易游移發(fā)生咬鏈而斷鏈,影響生產(chǎn)。 圖1.4鏈?zhǔn)浇o煤機(jī)簡(jiǎn)易工作原理圖 1.主動(dòng)軸2.鏈輪3.料斗4.襯板5.刮煤鏈6.從動(dòng)軸振動(dòng)給料機(jī)用于把物料從貯料倉(cāng)或其它貯料設(shè)備中均勻或定量的供給到受料設(shè)備中,是實(shí)行流水作業(yè)自動(dòng)化的必備設(shè)備,分敞開(kāi)型和封閉型兩種.可根據(jù)要求生產(chǎn)電磁振動(dòng)給料機(jī)、給料斗、輸送機(jī)。振動(dòng)給料機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,操作方便,不需潤(rùn)滑,耗電量??;可以均勻地調(diào)節(jié)給礦量;因此已得到廣泛應(yīng)用。一般用于松散物料。根據(jù)設(shè)備性能要求,配置設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量減少物料對(duì)槽體的壓力,按制造廠(chǎng)要求,倉(cāng)料的有效排口不得大于槽寬的四分之一,物料的流動(dòng)速度控制在6-18m/min.對(duì)給料量較大的物料,料倉(cāng)底部排料處 應(yīng)設(shè)置足夠高度的攔礦板; 為不影響給料機(jī)的性能,攔礦板不得固定在槽體上。為使料倉(cāng)能順利排出,料倉(cāng)后壁傾角最好設(shè)計(jì)為55-65度。振動(dòng)給料機(jī)可把塊狀、顆粒狀物料從料倉(cāng)中均勻、連續(xù)地喂料到受料裝置中。在砂石生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)中可為破碎機(jī)連續(xù)均勻地喂料避免破碎機(jī)受料口的堵塞。振動(dòng)給料機(jī)用途:廣泛用于礦山、碎石場(chǎng)、冶金、建材、化工、選礦、煤礦等行業(yè)的破碎、篩分生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)中。振動(dòng)給料機(jī)工作原理:該機(jī)是利用振動(dòng)器中的偏心塊旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生離心力,使篩廂、振動(dòng)器等可動(dòng)部分作強(qiáng)制的連續(xù)的圓或近似圓的運(yùn)動(dòng)。物料則隨篩廂在傾斜的篩面上作連續(xù)的拋擲運(yùn)動(dòng),并連續(xù)均勻地將物料送至受料口內(nèi)。振動(dòng)給料機(jī)性能特點(diǎn):該機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,振動(dòng)平穩(wěn),喂料均勻,連續(xù)性能好,激振力可調(diào);隨時(shí)改變和控制流量,操作方便;偏心塊為激振源,噪音低,耗電少,調(diào)節(jié)性能好,無(wú)沖料現(xiàn)象;若采用封閉式機(jī)身可防止粉塵污染。 圖1.5 各機(jī)械分布圖 連續(xù)式給煤機(jī)在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,系統(tǒng)主要負(fù)荷均由滾動(dòng)軸承支撐, 因此運(yùn)行阻力小,性能穩(wěn)定,運(yùn)行可靠性高,磨損小,維修量??;它一改間斷式給料方式為連續(xù)式給料方式,大大的提高了工作效率;給料量可自由調(diào)節(jié),最大流量可達(dá)到2 500 t/h;應(yīng)用廣泛,尤其在礦山這種惡劣的環(huán)境下優(yōu)勢(shì)更加明顯,例如它非常適合濕煤的運(yùn)輸;運(yùn)行平穩(wěn),噪音小,保護(hù)環(huán)境;節(jié)約能源省電,流量為1 500 t/h運(yùn)行功率僅在6.5 kW左右;采用根據(jù)專(zhuān)利研制的高分子復(fù)合整芯輸送皮帶,使用壽命長(zhǎng);運(yùn)用新型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),確保皮帶無(wú)跑偏打滑現(xiàn)象,沒(méi)有煤渣灑落 圖1.6 連續(xù)式給煤機(jī)示意圖1.4.2往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)與振動(dòng)式給煤機(jī)的比較 往復(fù)式與振動(dòng)式給煤機(jī)兩種給煤方式不同點(diǎn)是給煤頻率和幅值以及運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡不同。在使用過(guò)程中,由于振動(dòng)式給煤機(jī)給煤頻率高,噪聲也大;由于它是靠高頻振動(dòng)給煤,其振動(dòng)和頻率受物料密度及比重影響較大,所以,給煤量不穩(wěn)定,給煤量的調(diào)整也比較困難;由于是靠振動(dòng)給煤,給煤機(jī)必須起振并穩(wěn)定在一定的頻率和振幅下,但振動(dòng)參數(shù)對(duì)底板受力狀態(tài)很敏感,故底板不能承受較大的倉(cāng)壓,需增加倉(cāng)下給煤槽的長(zhǎng)度,結(jié)果是增加了料倉(cāng)的整體高度,使工程投資加大;由于給煤高度加大,無(wú)法用于替換,目前大量使用的是往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)。 1.5設(shè)計(jì)本給煤機(jī)的目的、基本要求及基本參數(shù) 1.5.1 設(shè)計(jì)本給煤機(jī)的目的 鑒于給煤機(jī)用于將儲(chǔ)料倉(cāng)或料坑里的物料連續(xù)均勻地卸運(yùn)到運(yùn)輸設(shè)備或其他篩選設(shè)備中的作用以及目前給煤機(jī)所存在的一些問(wèn)題,從節(jié)約材料方面進(jìn)行一定的改進(jìn)而進(jìn)行本次設(shè)計(jì),希望對(duì)給煤機(jī)的發(fā)展起到一定作用。 1.5.2 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)滿(mǎn)足大型礦井生產(chǎn)能力的要求隨著我國(guó)煤礦井型的不斷擴(kuò)大,小時(shí)生產(chǎn)能力也在增加,例如:井型為240萬(wàn)t/a,300萬(wàn)t/a,400萬(wàn)t/a的礦井,小時(shí)生產(chǎn)能力分別為742t/h, 928t/h,1238t/h。礦井小時(shí)生產(chǎn)能力的增加,要求提高給煤機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力。目前,礦井井下原煤運(yùn)輸越來(lái)越多地采用膠帶輸送機(jī),也就是說(shuō),井下使用給煤機(jī)的環(huán)節(jié)增加了。雖然可以采用多臺(tái)小型號(hào)給煤機(jī)聯(lián)合布置來(lái)滿(mǎn)足大生產(chǎn)能力的要求,但布置多臺(tái)給煤機(jī)需要擴(kuò)大硐室,增加工程投資。況且多臺(tái)布置,系統(tǒng)可靠性降低,噪音增大,出問(wèn)題的機(jī)率也相對(duì)增多,給維修帶來(lái)一定的麻煩。在使用膠帶輸送機(jī)的裝車(chē)系統(tǒng),是地面生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中使用給煤機(jī)最多的地方,而且要求給煤能力比較大。裝車(chē)系統(tǒng)若采用電振給料機(jī),不但增加了裝車(chē)的高度而且噪音很大。安裝大型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī),不僅使小時(shí)生產(chǎn)能力增大,而且也為裝車(chē)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的選型提供了更大的可選范圍。主井井底裝載帶式(板式)定量輸送機(jī)式井底裝載設(shè)備的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),被列為煤炭重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目,定量輸送機(jī)慢速裝載時(shí)要求給煤設(shè)備的能力在800t/h以上,現(xiàn)有的K系列給煤機(jī)達(dá)不到這一要求。雖然也可采用給料閘門(mén)入料,但給料閘門(mén)的給料量易受原煤的水份、粒度影響,使給料不均勻。而大型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)可滿(mǎn)足這一要求。 1.5.3 基本參數(shù) 根據(jù)給煤機(jī)需滿(mǎn)足大型礦井生產(chǎn)能力要求,其設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)定為給煤量: 1.6 本次設(shè)計(jì)所做的基本工作 在安裝時(shí),因?yàn)榭紤]到曲柄連桿需繞過(guò)聯(lián)軸器,以避免與其相碰的問(wèn)題,將連桿制成彎的,其詳情結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)曲柄連桿圖7。 這樣不僅浪費(fèi)材料,安裝不方便,還需考慮曲拐要繞過(guò)聯(lián)軸器所需的弧度,而且造成加工的不便。通過(guò)考慮安裝問(wèn)題,可以將電動(dòng)機(jī)位置調(diào)換,使減速器與之相配合,以致避免連桿與聯(lián)軸器相碰的問(wèn)題,可將連桿制成直的。其詳情結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)圖8。 1、電動(dòng)機(jī) 2、減速器 3、曲柄 4、軸承 5、曲拐 圖1.7 改造前給煤機(jī)傳動(dòng)部分簡(jiǎn)圖 圖1.8 改造后給煤機(jī)傳動(dòng)部分簡(jiǎn)圖 1.7 K-4型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的技術(shù)參數(shù)表1.1 K-4型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)技術(shù)參數(shù)型號(hào)規(guī)格K-4給煤能力/(t/h)底板行程曲柄位置無(wú)煙煤煙煤200459053015034403951002295268501148132曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速/()62電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)YB200L-8(Y200 L-6)功率/18.5轉(zhuǎn)速/()970減速器型號(hào)JZQ-500速比15.75最大允許粒度/含量10 %以下700含量10 %以上550設(shè)備重量/ 帶料斗2337不帶料斗2505 第二章 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì) 在確定往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸之前,首先考慮給煤機(jī)的容積利用系數(shù)。容積利用系數(shù)是給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)煤的體積與槽體容積的比值。在給煤機(jī)槽體容積一定的情況下,容積利用系數(shù)取值的高低,決定設(shè)計(jì)給煤能力的值就越大,則設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力大,反之就小?,F(xiàn)有型往復(fù)給煤機(jī)容積利用系數(shù)取值為0.62。為了提高給煤機(jī)的綜合性能,通過(guò)對(duì)K型往復(fù)給煤機(jī)的使用情況進(jìn)行大量調(diào)查和性能測(cè)試,給煤機(jī)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力比設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力偏大約1020%。這說(shuō)明原設(shè)計(jì)容積利用系數(shù)取值偏低。在該往復(fù)給煤機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)中,我們將容積利用系數(shù)提高到0.7-0.8,這就意味著,與原設(shè)計(jì)比較,在相同設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力條件下,給煤機(jī)槽體容積可以縮小13%。給煤機(jī)的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力與煤的粒度、水份有較大關(guān)系。同樣一臺(tái)給煤機(jī),煤的流動(dòng)性好,則實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力大;煤的流動(dòng)性差,則實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力就小?,F(xiàn)有型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)之所以適應(yīng)范圍廣,除其它性能以外,就在于設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)余量較大,即容積利用系數(shù)取值較低。我認(rèn)為,容積利用系數(shù)不宜取值過(guò)大,以保證往復(fù)給煤機(jī)對(duì)各種煤的適應(yīng)性。 2.1往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的參數(shù)根據(jù)已知參數(shù),給煤量:880t/h;最大給料粒度500mm;初步設(shè)定曲柄的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)為;往復(fù)行程為250mm。 2.2給煤機(jī)的總體外型設(shè)計(jì) 參考 K-4型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)取料倉(cāng)寬度為=1250,底托板材料選用Q235鋼長(zhǎng)度為L(zhǎng)=2000 。由此可推出每轉(zhuǎn)推出煤的容積為: 式中:曲柄每轉(zhuǎn)推出為 查表得散煤的容重由式得 V=abh=0.25h=推出煤的最低高度:h=0.85m初步設(shè)定曲柄的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)為,箱體的有效高度和寬度,高度為,寬度為。給煤量可表示為 式中給煤機(jī)給煤量,;給煤機(jī)箱體高度,;給煤機(jī)箱體寬度,;a 給煤機(jī)行程,;煤的密度,;曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速,;工況系數(shù),。因此,由式可求出給煤量vr=naBHQ60880由上式結(jié)果可得出,箱體尺寸滿(mǎn)足給煤要求。K 型給煤機(jī)外形尺寸圖如下1、減速機(jī) 2、電動(dòng)機(jī) 3、傳動(dòng)平臺(tái) 4、聯(lián)軸器 5、H形架6、連桿 7、給煤槽 8、閘門(mén) 9、機(jī)架 10、漏斗 11、托輥 曲柄連桿尺寸及底板速度的確定:已知行程,設(shè)偏距e為125 mm,傾斜角度為在有三角形關(guān)系式和理論力學(xué)中最小角定理,當(dāng)可求得速度a=125mm連桿長(zhǎng)l=740mm 圖2.1K型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)曲柄連桿運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖 2.3給煤機(jī)的受力分析 2.3.1 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的運(yùn)行阻力 往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí),電動(dòng)機(jī)功率主要消耗在克服下列阻力上。正行時(shí):底板在托滾上的運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力和煤與固定側(cè)板的摩擦阻力。逆行時(shí):底板在托滾上的運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力和煤與底板的摩擦阻力。此外,還有消耗在克服煤與側(cè)板之間黏著力和在克服底板加速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的運(yùn)行阻力上。 2.3.2 產(chǎn)生運(yùn)行阻力的因素及力的計(jì)算往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的運(yùn)行阻力有以下公式計(jì)算: 式中 給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)煤的質(zhì)量,;給煤機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的質(zhì)量,; 重力加速度,; 煤倉(cāng)出口處壓力,;給煤機(jī)底板水平投影長(zhǎng)度,;煤倉(cāng)出口對(duì)底板有效壓力區(qū)長(zhǎng)度,;給煤機(jī)槽體凈寬度,;底板在托滾輪上的運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力系數(shù),;煤對(duì)側(cè)板的側(cè)壓系數(shù); 煤的松散容重, ;底板上煤的厚度, ,。正行阻力: 逆行阻力: 運(yùn)行阻力按正行阻力和逆行阻力的均方值計(jì)算,即 式中、括號(hào)內(nèi)的第一項(xiàng)表示給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)煤的重量和活動(dòng)件的重量;表示給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)煤的重量; 表示煤的重量對(duì)給煤機(jī)固定側(cè)板產(chǎn)生的側(cè)壓力。號(hào)內(nèi)的第二項(xiàng)表示煤倉(cāng)出口處壓力; 表示煤倉(cāng)出口處壓力對(duì)給煤機(jī)固定側(cè)板產(chǎn)生的側(cè)壓力。由于底板在托滾輪上的運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力較小(運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)值較小),給煤機(jī)運(yùn)行阻力主要是煤與固定側(cè)板的摩擦阻力和煤與底板的摩擦阻力。因此可知,產(chǎn)生運(yùn)行阻力的主要因素是給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)的煤的重量和煤倉(cāng)出口處的壓力以及煤與側(cè)板或底板的摩擦系數(shù)。從以上分析可知,我們只能從減少煤倉(cāng)出口處壓力對(duì)底板的作用,以及減小煤與固定側(cè)板和底板的摩擦力來(lái)考慮往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的節(jié)能措施。采用傾斜式倉(cāng)口漏斗,由于煤倉(cāng)出口處壓力的作用,使底板產(chǎn)生了運(yùn)行阻力,如果采用斜倉(cāng)口漏斗,使煤倉(cāng)出口壓力對(duì)底板作用減小或不作用在底板上,底板的運(yùn)行阻力就可以減小。往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的運(yùn)行阻力由以下簡(jiǎn)化公式計(jì)算: 給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)煤的質(zhì)量: =1.2520.85950 底托板選用的材料為,其密度,底托板長(zhǎng)、寬、厚度分別為2000、1250、16。則底托板質(zhì)量為:則 正行阻力: 正行阻力: 運(yùn)行阻力: 減少煤與底板的摩擦系數(shù)是有限的。這是因?yàn)檎袝r(shí),給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)的煤是在其與底板之間的摩擦力的作用下,移到給煤機(jī)前端。煤與底板的摩擦力要大于煤在加速時(shí)的動(dòng)阻力和煤與固定側(cè)板的摩擦力,才能保證在正行時(shí),煤與底板間不產(chǎn)生相對(duì)滑動(dòng)。 第三章 給煤機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 3.1 電機(jī)選型因設(shè)備是在井下工作,電機(jī)選為隔爆異步電動(dòng)機(jī)。1. 給煤機(jī)所需功率: 2. 給煤機(jī)的傳動(dòng)效率(1) 曲柄連桿的傳動(dòng)效率:0.960.85(2) 減速器的傳動(dòng)效率:減速器用三對(duì)軸承,選用深溝球軸承查得其效率為,故:(3)聯(lián)軸器的傳動(dòng)效率:0.99所以,給煤機(jī)的總傳動(dòng)效率為 3. 電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率確定電動(dòng)機(jī)的實(shí)際功率為 一般來(lái)說(shuō),選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)容量時(shí)應(yīng)保證電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率等于或稍大于工作機(jī)所需的電動(dòng)機(jī)功率,即,所以,選擇電機(jī)額定功率為15,選擇電機(jī)型號(hào)如表3-1所示表3.1往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)電機(jī)選型型號(hào)額定功率額定轉(zhuǎn)速同步轉(zhuǎn)速功率因數(shù)YB180L-61597010000.895 3.2 減速器設(shè)計(jì) 3.2.1. 減速器現(xiàn)在已使用的K系列往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)常用的減速器型號(hào)如表3-2所示。表3.2 K系列往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)常用的減速器型號(hào)型號(hào)規(guī)格K-0K-1K-2K-3K-4減速機(jī)型號(hào)JZQ0-350JZQ0-350JZQ0-350JZQ-400JZQ-500速比12.6412.6412.6415.7515.75ZQ、ZQH(JZQ、PM)型減速器具有機(jī)械性能好、工作可靠、維修方便、過(guò)載能力強(qiáng)、耐沖擊、慣性力矩小等特點(diǎn)。適用于起重、運(yùn)輸、冶金、礦山、建筑、化工、紡織等行業(yè)。 其適用條件如下:減速器齒輪圓周速度不大于12m/s;高速軸的轉(zhuǎn)速不大于1500r/min;可用于正反兩向運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);工作環(huán)境溫度為-40+40。減速器有九種傳動(dòng)比、九種裝配形式和三種低速軸軸端型式。1) 計(jì)算速比(總傳動(dòng)比) 減速器速比為2)分配傳動(dòng)裝置各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比參考文獻(xiàn)3表2-1,取兩級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器高速級(jí)的傳動(dòng)比對(duì)于展開(kāi)式二級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器,在兩極齒輪配對(duì)材料、性能及齒寬系數(shù)大致相同的情況下,即齒面接觸強(qiáng)度大致相等時(shí),兩極齒輪的傳動(dòng)比可按下式分配: 即 代入式得 3.2.2 計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速根據(jù)電動(dòng)機(jī)的滿(mǎn)載轉(zhuǎn)速及傳動(dòng)比進(jìn)行計(jì)算;傳動(dòng)裝置各部分的功率和轉(zhuǎn)矩。計(jì)算各軸時(shí)將傳動(dòng)裝置中各軸從高速軸到低速軸依次編號(hào),定0軸(電動(dòng)機(jī)軸),1軸,2軸,3軸;相鄰兩軸間的傳動(dòng)比表示為,;各軸的輸出功率為,;各軸的輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩為,。各軸的輸出功率0軸(電動(dòng)機(jī)軸)1軸(高速軸)2軸(中間軸)3軸(低速軸)各軸的輸出轉(zhuǎn)速0軸(電動(dòng)機(jī)軸)1軸(高速軸)2軸(中間軸)3軸(低速軸)各軸的輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩0軸(電動(dòng)機(jī)軸)1軸(高速軸)2軸(中間軸)3軸(低速軸) 3.3 齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)及校核計(jì)算 3.3.1 第一對(duì)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)(1) 選擇齒輪材料參考文獻(xiàn)4查表8-17 小齒輪選用調(diào)質(zhì)并表面淬火 大齒輪選用調(diào)質(zhì)并表面淬火 許用接觸應(yīng)力參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),由式(66)得 (3 .5)疲勞極限應(yīng)力、參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查圖64參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)N 由式(6.7)預(yù)設(shè)給煤機(jī)每天工作20小時(shí),每年工作300天,預(yù)期壽命為10年 (3.6)則參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查圖6-5得接觸強(qiáng)度的壽命系數(shù) 、(不允許有點(diǎn)蝕) 接觸強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),按一般可靠度查 取則 (2) 按齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算確定齒輪傳動(dòng)精度等級(jí),按估取圓周速度; 參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)表6.7,表6.8選取 公差組8級(jí)小輪分度圓直徑d,參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式求得 (3.7)齒寬系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查表6.9, 按齒輪相對(duì)軸承為非對(duì)稱(chēng)布置,取 小齒輪齒數(shù),在推薦值20-40中選 大齒輪齒數(shù) ,圓整取齒數(shù)比 傳動(dòng)比誤差 誤差在范圍內(nèi)。合適小齒輪轉(zhuǎn)矩參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-53)求得 載荷系數(shù)K (3.8)使用系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查表6.3 動(dòng)載荷系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),由推薦值 1.051.4選 齒向載荷分布系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),由推薦值 1.01.2選 齒間載荷分配系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-55)及得 (3.9) 參考文獻(xiàn)4,查表并查值則載荷系數(shù)的初值 材料彈性系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查表6.4得 (3.10)節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查圖6-3得重合度系數(shù)由推薦值0.850.92得故的設(shè)計(jì)初值為 (3.11) 齒輪模數(shù) 參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查表6.6取 小輪分度圓直徑的參數(shù)圓整值圓周速度 與估計(jì)取有差距不大,對(duì)取值影響不大,不需修正小輪分度圓直徑 大輪分度圓直徑 中心距齒寬 ,取小輪齒寬大輪齒寬 (3) 齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算 齒形系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-67 小輪 大輪 應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-68 小輪 大輪 重合度系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-67) 許用彎曲應(yīng)力參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-71)彎曲疲勞極限參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-72 彎曲壽命系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-73 尺寸系數(shù) 參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-74 安全系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查表8-27 則 故齒根彎曲強(qiáng)度足夠。(4) 齒輪其他尺寸計(jì)算與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)(參考文獻(xiàn)4表8-4)1) 小齒輪的相關(guān)尺寸分度圓直徑 齒頂高 齒根高 齒全高 齒頂圓直徑 齒根圓直徑 基圓直徑 齒距 齒厚 齒槽寬 基圓齒距 法向齒距 頂隙 2) 大齒輪的相關(guān)尺寸分度圓直徑 齒頂高 齒根高 齒全高 齒頂圓直徑 齒根圓 基圓直徑 齒距 齒厚 齒槽寬 基圓齒距 法向齒距 頂隙 中心距 傳動(dòng)比 參考文獻(xiàn)4表8-31得知,當(dāng) ,選用腹板式的結(jié)構(gòu) 取應(yīng)大于,為齒全高=217.5 3.3.2 第二對(duì)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)(1) 選擇齒輪材料參考文獻(xiàn)4查表8-17 小齒輪選用調(diào)質(zhì)并表面淬火 大齒輪選用調(diào)質(zhì)并表面淬火 許用接觸應(yīng)力參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(869)得 (3.13)接觸疲勞極限應(yīng)力、參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖869參考文獻(xiàn)4,應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)由式(870)預(yù)設(shè)給煤機(jī)每天工作20小時(shí),每年工作300天,預(yù)期壽命為10年則參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-70得接觸強(qiáng)度的壽命系數(shù) 、(不允許有點(diǎn)蝕) 硬化系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-71及說(shuō)明接觸強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-27,按一般可靠度查 取 (2) 按齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算確定齒輪傳動(dòng)精度等級(jí),按估取圓周速度; 參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)表6.7,表6.8選取 公差組8級(jí)小輪分度圓直徑d,參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),由式求得 (3.14)齒寬系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查表823 按齒輪相對(duì)軸承為非對(duì)稱(chēng)布置,取 小齒輪齒數(shù),在推薦值20-40中選 大齒輪齒數(shù) 齒數(shù)比 傳動(dòng)比誤差 誤差在范圍內(nèi)。合適小齒輪轉(zhuǎn)矩參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-53)求得 載荷系數(shù)K參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-54)得使用系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查表8-20 動(dòng)載荷系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-57得初值 齒向載荷分布系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-60 齒間載荷分配系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-55)及得 參考文獻(xiàn)4,查表并查值則載荷系數(shù)的初值 彈性系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查表8-22得節(jié)點(diǎn)影響系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-64得重合度系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖865得故的設(shè)計(jì)初值為 (3.15) 齒輪模數(shù) 參考文獻(xiàn)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),查表6.6取 小輪分度圓直徑的參數(shù)圓整值圓周速度 與估計(jì)取有差距不大,對(duì)取值影響不大,不需修正小輪分度圓直徑 大輪分度圓直徑 中心距齒寬 ,取小輪齒寬大輪齒寬 (3) 齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算 (3.16)齒形系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-67 小輪 大輪 應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-68 小輪 大輪 重合度系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-67) 許用彎曲應(yīng)力參考文獻(xiàn)4,由式(8-71) (3.17)彎曲疲勞極限參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-72 彎曲壽命系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-73 尺寸系數(shù) 參考文獻(xiàn)4,查圖8-74 安全系數(shù)參考文獻(xiàn)4,查表8-27 則 故齒根彎曲強(qiáng)度足夠。(4) 齒輪其他尺寸計(jì)算與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)(參考文獻(xiàn)4表8-4)1) 小齒輪的相關(guān)尺寸分度圓直徑 齒頂高 齒根高 齒全高 齒頂圓直徑 根圓直徑基圓直徑 齒距 齒厚 齒槽寬 基圓齒距 法向齒距 頂隙 2) 大齒輪的相關(guān)尺寸分度圓直徑 齒頂高 齒根高 齒全高 齒頂圓直徑 齒根圓基圓直徑 中心距 傳動(dòng)比 參考文獻(xiàn)4表8-31得知,當(dāng) ,選用腹板式的結(jié)構(gòu) 取應(yīng)大于,為齒全高=301 (3.18)n=0.5m=0.53=1.5mm 3.4 軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核計(jì)算 3.4.1 中間軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核(1) 求中間軸上的轉(zhuǎn)矩 (3.19)(2) 求作用在齒輪上的力 中間軸上大齒輪的分度圓直徑為(由以上齒輪計(jì)算得知)圓周力、徑向力和軸向力的大小如下,方向如圖3-1所示。圓周力 徑向力 軸向力 中間軸上小齒輪的分度圓直徑為(由以上齒輪計(jì)算得知)圓周力、徑向力和軸向力的大小如下,方向如圖3-1所示。圓周力 徑向力 軸向力 (3) 確定軸的最小直徑 選取軸的材料為45鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,按式初估軸的最小直徑,參考文獻(xiàn)4表4-2,取,可得 (3.20)(4) 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 1)擬定軸上零件的裝配方案裝配方案如圖3.1所示 圖3.1 中間軸的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖 2)按軸向定位要求確定各軸段直徑和長(zhǎng)度 軸段 該段安裝滾動(dòng)軸承,考慮到軸承只受徑向力,所以選擇深溝球軸承。取軸段直徑。參考文獻(xiàn)4 表11-1,選用6309型圓柱滾子軸承,尺寸為。取齒輪距軸承的距離,考慮到齒輪和軸承之間用套筒定位,則齒輪與軸段之間有s=4mm的差距,所以軸段 該段安裝齒輪,齒輪左端采用套筒定位,右端使用軸環(huán)定位,軸段直徑。已知齒輪輪轂的寬度為30mm,為了使套筒斷面可靠的壓緊齒輪,軸段長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)略短于輪轂孔寬度,取。軸段 取齒輪右端軸肩高度,則軸環(huán)直徑,。軸段 該軸段安裝齒輪,用套筒定位,取直徑,。軸段 該軸段安裝軸承,與軸段相同取直徑。3)軸上零件的周向定位齒輪與軸的周向定位采用A型普通平鍵聯(lián)接,按,參考文獻(xiàn)4 表10-26,查得平鍵截面尺寸,根據(jù)輪轂寬度,由鍵長(zhǎng)系列中選取鍵長(zhǎng),為保證齒輪與軸具有良好的對(duì)中性,取齒輪與軸的配合為。4)確定軸端倒角取。5)軸的強(qiáng)度校核 求軸的載荷 首先根據(jù)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)圖作出軸的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖(見(jiàn)圖3-1),在確定軸承的支點(diǎn)位置時(shí),參考文獻(xiàn)6表24.2-15可得知a值,對(duì)于6309型深溝球軸承,取,因此軸的支撐跨距為。 根據(jù)軸的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖作出軸的彎矩圖,扭矩圖和當(dāng)量彎矩圖。從軸的結(jié)構(gòu)圖和當(dāng)量彎矩圖中可以看出,B截面的當(dāng)量彎矩最大,是軸的危險(xiǎn)截面。B截面處的及的數(shù)值如下。支反力 H水平面, V垂直面,彎矩和水平面 垂直面 合成彎矩 (3.21) (3.22)扭矩 當(dāng)量彎矩 如圖3.2 中間軸的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖校核軸的強(qiáng)度軸的材料為鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,由參考文獻(xiàn)4表4-1查得,則,即,取,軸的計(jì)算應(yīng)力為 (3.23)滿(mǎn)足強(qiáng)度要求。 3.4.2 輸入軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核(1) 求輸入軸上的轉(zhuǎn)矩 (3.24)(2) 求作用在齒輪上的力 輸入軸上齒輪的分度圓直徑為(由以上齒輪計(jì)算得知)圓周力、徑向力和軸向力的大小如下,方向如圖3-3所示。 (3.25)(3) 確定軸的最小直徑 選取軸的材料為45鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,按式初估軸的最小直徑,參考文獻(xiàn)4查表4-2,取,可得 (3.26)(4)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)1) 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案 裝配方案如圖3-3所示圖3.3 輸入軸的結(jié)構(gòu)圖2) 按軸向定位要求確定各軸段直徑和長(zhǎng)度軸段 該段用于安裝聯(lián)軸器,其直徑應(yīng)該與聯(lián)軸器的孔徑相配合,因此要先選用聯(lián)軸器。聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩,根據(jù)工作情況選取,則。參考文獻(xiàn)4 表13-5,根據(jù)工作要求選用彈性柱銷(xiāo)聯(lián)軸器,型號(hào)為,許用轉(zhuǎn)矩。與輸出軸聯(lián)接的半聯(lián)軸器孔徑,因此取軸段的直徑。半聯(lián)軸器輪轂總長(zhǎng)度(J型軸孔),與軸配合的轂孔長(zhǎng)度。軸段 為了半聯(lián)軸器的軸向定位,軸段左端制出定位軸肩,所以軸段的直徑為。根據(jù)減速器與軸承端蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)和端蓋的拆卸要求,取端蓋外端面與半聯(lián)軸器右端面之間的距離為20mm,因此取。軸段 該段安裝滾動(dòng)軸承,考慮到軸承只受徑向力,所以選擇深溝球軸承。取軸段直徑,選用6310型深溝球軸承,參考文獻(xiàn)4 表11-1可知,尺寸為。取。軸段該軸段用于軸承的定位,它的軸肩,所以軸段的直徑為。根據(jù)安裝要求,取軸段的長(zhǎng)度。軸段 該軸段為齒輪軸,齒輪寬度,分度圓直徑。軸段的直徑和長(zhǎng)度各取,。軸段用于安裝軸承,選用6308型深溝球軸Equipment of the coal mine production system is one of the main equipment, the reliability of it, in particular parts of the throat is the key to the reliability of such equipment, will directly affect the normal operation of production systems. At present, Chinas coal mines to the coal used primarily is reciprocating coal feeder and coal to power vibration machine, In recent years, the electric machine vibration to the development of coal faster serialization and standardization has been formed; and reciprocating coal feeder 60 from the 20th centurys stereotypes, the series of improvement and expansion of the work has been carried out. With the rapid development of the coal industry, coal type is also growing well, the existing reciprocating coal feeder Coal is no longer able to meet the selection requirements of production systems. It is precisely for this reason that,We are on the basis of the coal feeder for the use of a large number of studies,development of the large-scale reciprocating coal feeder, include 800t / h, 1000t / h, 1500t / h, 2000t / h, Reciprocating the earliest development of coal feeder 60 in the early 20th century, 70 years, based on the NGW, the replacement of the drive into K series, and are still in use. Reciprocating coal feeder of K series has a total of five models: K-0, K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-4 is the largest production capacity, but still only 590t / h. The development of Reciprocating coal feeder has no different between abroad and national, it doesnt have a higher technological content, but the price is 4 to 5 times in similar products.1、The own structure superiority of reciprocating coal feeder1) Structure simple, the service quantity is small .In the reciprocating coal feeder, the electric motor and Reduce use the standard letter, other majorities are the Welding parts, the vulnerable part are few, Under bad conditions in the coal mine, its serviceability deeply Praised by the use of units.2) The performance is stable The reciprocation type stoker to the coal trademark, the size composition, request and so on moisture content, physical property is lax, when comes to expect the non-uniformity, the moisture content does not stabilize also clamps has the big lump coal, Rubber Belt, the wood and the steel wire, and so on ,still could the normal work.3) The noise is low the reciprocation type stoker right and wrong Vibration has the source for material equipment. its noise only to have the electric motor and the reduction gear, but these two noises very are all low .Especially in the mine shaft or Bunker and so on the enclosed place,the noise is unable to proliferate, this point is electrically operated is unable for the material machine to achieve.4) Installs conveniently, is highly small The reciprocation type stoker generally installs in Bunker the warehouse mouth, does not need other configuration warehouse mouth strobe distill trough and the support of motor, the installment may reach ones goal instantly, the adjustment work load is small, but electrically operated stoker because cannot directly withstand the warehouse pressure, needs moreover to place the warehouse mouth transition Chute under, compares, the reciprocation type stoker hold highly slightly, has saved the floor space and the investment.2、Large-scale reciprocation types deceive the coal machine structural style characteristic .We through carry on the analysis to the former stoker investigation, has carried on the thorough computation to the structure pattern, to the essential stress spot like tank, the double connecting rod, the base held the roller and so on to carry on the stress analysis, carried on the examination computation using the finite element principle. Altogether has following five characteristics.1) Entire machine uses the frame Themselves to be possible to unload the type Because considered the mine shaft transportation the convenience and the mine shaft industry and mining limit, entire machine uses a minute writing style, moreover considered the mineshaft welding inconvenient, uses the bolt vice- joint, the side bar to consider the external drum the possibility and the wear the need, lays down in the flank Reinforced inside Lining, strengthened the whole rigidity and the intensity.2) Increases Dao ban the guidance and the blocking In makes the reciprocal motion under Dao ban to additionally build several groups of requests rollers wheel, on the one hand changes Dao ban the sliding friction for to roll the friction, reduced the attrition, on the other hand also causes Dao ban the rigidity enhancement. Moreover, for prevented Dao ban is transporting Moves in the process to have runs the leaning phenomenon, in Dao ban two sides installments guidance wheel. 3) Uses the hyperbolic trough drive type The stoker drive uses the hard tooth face reduction gear,ordinary plug shaft coupling (but non- fluid strength coupler), double output shaft form, like this, not only reduced the cost moreover to cause the unilateral Axis radial direction load only is the bottom surface thrust force one half, is carried the condition big improvement, moreover, further enhanced the stability which Dao ban moved.4)Carries on the optimization to the Dao ban structure Formerly K series stoker plate strobe, the material had many problems in shipping, for estimated could not enhance the key also lay in this. Therefore, we have carried on the optimization to Dao ban designs for the steps and ladders, Not only caused the material process load to enlarge, more over the Dao ban itself intensity also obtained further enhances.5) Changes the fan strobe for the manual plate strobe Controls expects how many the key to be decided by the strobe,the strobe always uses the fan structure in the former K series, but discovered from the field use, the fan strobe and the warehouse wall frequently bump, the scene often when installs the strobe can not but knock the warehouse wall a part, causes the warehouse wall the intensity to weaken, based on, we uses the manual plate strobe,matches the guidance wheel under the damper plate, simultaneously has the positioning device on the axis.3. Reciprocating the transformation of coal feeder3.1 、The transformation of Link(1)Transformation of the former coal feeder K4 transmission parts .As shown in Figure 1, The drive for: The Reducer driven by a motor ,and Crank driven by the reducer, Qu Shui driven the floor of reciprocating coal feeder do a straight line reciprocating motion.1、Motor 2、Reducer 3、Crank 4、Bearing 5、Qu Shui Fig1 Transformation of the former coal feeder transmission parts diagramAs a result of the use of coal , it more easily fit into the bearing impurities, the poor maintenance will damage bearings, the damaged bearings would be detect serious mechanical, electrical accident if failed to timely detection,either Qu Shui is to pull off or motor is burning. If shortage of the motor and spare parts and components, it will occur on a longer time, so transformation is necessary (for this transformation).(2) Transmission parts of K4 reciprocating coal feeder after improvedTransmission principle has not changed, Figure 2, Changed the eccentric into crank, The circumference of the eccentric into a tank at the top of open, Linked with a good off-type tungsten deposit matching tile sets, tile sets and through the connecting shaft connected to the coal feeder floor, Is actually an eccentric crank into the sliding bearings, When the motor drive reducer and eccentric wheel rotation, the eccentric wheel with the tile sets with connections on the drive shaft to the coal feeder and do a straight line reciprocating motion plate, reaching to the purpose of coal.1、motor 2、Reducer 3、Eccentric 4、Sets of gold-watt tungsten5、Connecting shaft 6、Oil CupFig2 Modified coal feeder transmission parts diagram3.2 Structural Analysis and Improvement(1) Improve diskK series reciprocating coal feeder plate stroke adjustment is achieved through the disc, Structural diagram of its components as shown in Figure 3, According to long-term use found that the parts have the following shortcomings: D hole and journals connected with the use of the transition, the actual connection is not reliable in use, the journal often off; the pins connected with hole O1 often break, it can not guarantee that the needs of the trip back and forth movement. In view of the above shortcomings, we improved the disc as follows in actual use: D-hole match with the journal use space , and to expand the Chamfer of D hole, welding the disk with the journal. In this way, not only increase the reliability of the connection, but also facilitate the replacement of damaged parts. According to crank structure, in diameter position with o1, additional o2, o3, o4 3 months Hole, As shown in Figure 2. after location the hole and 5, when the hole o1 and 1, o1 and 2, o1 and 3, o1 and 4 through the fastening pin, the respective o4 and 4, o3 and 4, o2 and 4, o4 center coincide with the 1 . Thus the connection about Crank with the disc can be achieved three pin fastening, an increase of the reliability of connection.Fig3Diagram of disk(2) Improvement of the disc crankBy the above analysis, if the crank in Figure 4 into a 60 hole 1,2,3,4 are cloth, the holes in the disk o1, o2, o3, o4 also as 60 are cloth, can be multi-pin fastening (analysis omitted). Another way is change crank disk body into a flange-type connection, as shown in Figure 5. O with the crank journal hole distance o1 is eccentricity, eccentricity is calculated asR2=R21+R22-2R1R2icos360/nFormula in REccentricity, That is, half the trip back and forthR1Crank eccentricityR2Journal of the hole disk eccentricitynThe number of bolt holesThe range of i from 1,2, ., n, In this way, can be flange-type crank drive mechanism of the series size, travel back and forth in a certain range can be selected arbitrarily.Fig4Diagram of crank and disk1 5Hole6Crank7DiscFig5Crank and disk mechanism after improved(3) Improvement of gate fan-shapedK series fan gate of the coal feeder is adjustment inconvenience, high failure rate, after card in prison by the debris was not easy to restore, we will change the flat fan-shaped gate into flatboard gate in the actual use. Welding angle iron on the side board, as a channel with the flat gate, their number can be change in order to achieve adjustment to the amount of coal, then achieve the purpose of removal of large pieces of debris.(4) Anti-wear lining side increaseK Series medial side to the coal machine wear, and replacement costs and time-consuming work, and to the security threats brought about by the construction personnel. We increase Anti-wear to improve the life of the reciprocating coal feeder, the connection of lining and side panels use welding, in addition to peripheral welding, the intermediate slotted plug with the solder side.4、 Power consumption analysis and energy-saving measures of Reciprocating coal feederPower consumption analysis and energy-saving measures of Reciprocating coal feeder used ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene material for lining, Friction coefficient of coal and fixed side decreased, the running resistance decreased 7%, corresponding, 7% reduction in power consumption motor.It is limited to reduce the friction coefficient of Bottom of reciprocating coal feeder and coal, this is because when Masayuki, coal in the feeder chute body of reciprocating coal feeder is between the friction in its dealings and the floor under the front-end , then move to the coal feeder. The friction of Bottom of reciprocating coal feeder and coal is greater than the dynamic resistance when coal accelerated and the Friction of side board friction, in order to ensure that coal and bottom line is no relative sliding when moving forward. Therefore, the friction coefficient of coal and floor should not be between the lower coefficient of friction. I funnel tilted position using the modified reciprocating coal feeder, coal bunker to avoid the exit of the pressure acting on the activities of floor, floor to reduce the activities of running resistance, reciprocating coal feeder is an effective energy-saving measures. I used chute tilt position, I need to increase the coal bunker to the high floor space, increasing the volume of civil works. However, to increase coal bunker limited height (K-4 type reciprocating coal feeder to improve 0.6m), and significantly reduce operating costs, an integrated energy-saving benefits are obvious. Fixed side of coal and reduce the friction coefficient, but also a certain degree of energy saving effect. Coal between the floor and activities should not reduce the coefficient of friction.Develops the large-scale reciprocation type stoker, met our country coal need to develop, Expanded in the coal mine production system design to give the coal equipment the shaping scope. In particular in Ji Ning two mine pits success uses, for me The country provided has been new large-scale for the coal equipment, should give the vigorously promoted use. The transformation and Apply of reciprocating coal feeder played a role in the Development of reciprocating coal feeder.給煤設(shè)備是煤礦生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的主要設(shè)備之一,給煤設(shè)備的可靠性,特別是關(guān)鍵咽喉部位給煤設(shè)備的可靠性,直接影響整個(gè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。目前,我國(guó)煤礦使用的給煤設(shè)備主要是往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)和電振給煤機(jī),近年來(lái),電振式給煤機(jī)發(fā)展較快,已形成系列化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;而往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)自20世紀(jì)60年代定型后,系列的改進(jìn)和擴(kuò)大工作一直沒(méi)有進(jìn)行。隨著煤炭工業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,煤礦井型也在不斷擴(kuò)大,現(xiàn)有的往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)已不再能滿(mǎn)足煤礦生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的選型要求。正是基于這個(gè)原因,我們?cè)趯?duì)給煤機(jī)使用情況大量調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,研制了800t/h、1000t/h、1500t/h、2000t/h的大型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī),往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)最早研制于20世紀(jì)60年代初,70年代,在NGW基礎(chǔ)上,更換了驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置,改為K系列,并一直沿用至今。K系列給煤機(jī)共有五種型號(hào):K-0、K-1、K-2、K-3、K-4,其中K-4生產(chǎn)能力最大,但也只有590t/h。國(guó)外給煤機(jī)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r也與國(guó)內(nèi)大相徑庭,并沒(méi)有更高的技術(shù)含量,但價(jià)格卻是國(guó)內(nèi)同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的4-5倍。1、往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)其自身結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)越性1) 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,維修量小在往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)中,電動(dòng)機(jī)和減速器均采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,其余大部分是焊接件,易損壞部件少,用在煤礦惡劣條件下,其適用性深受使用單位的好評(píng)。2) 性能穩(wěn)定往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)對(duì)煤的牌號(hào),粒度組成,水分、物理性質(zhì)等要求不嚴(yán),當(dāng)來(lái)料不均勻,水分不穩(wěn)定且?jiàn)A有大塊煤、橡膠帶、木頭及鋼絲等時(shí),仍能正常工作。3) 噪音低往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)是非振動(dòng)式給料設(shè)備其噪音發(fā)生源只有電動(dòng)機(jī)和減速器,而這兩個(gè)的噪音都很低。尤其在井下或煤倉(cāng)等封閉型場(chǎng)所,噪音無(wú)法擴(kuò)散,這一點(diǎn)是電動(dòng)給料機(jī)所無(wú)法達(dá)到的。4) 安裝方便、高度小往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)一般安裝在煤倉(cāng)倉(cāng)口,不需另外配制倉(cāng)口閘門(mén)餾槽及電動(dòng)機(jī)支座,安裝可一步到位,調(diào)整工作量小,而電動(dòng)給煤機(jī)由于不能直接承受倉(cāng)壓,需要另外安放倉(cāng)口過(guò)渡溜槽,相比之下,往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)占有高度小,節(jié)省了建筑面積和投資。2、大型往復(fù)式紿煤機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式特點(diǎn)我們通過(guò)對(duì)以往給煤機(jī)的調(diào)查進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)型式進(jìn)行了周密的計(jì)算,對(duì)關(guān)鍵受力部位如槽箱、雙連桿、底部托輥等進(jìn)行了受力分析,利用有限元原理進(jìn)行校核計(jì)算。共有以下五個(gè)特點(diǎn)。1)整機(jī)采用框袈可卸式由于考慮到井下運(yùn)輸?shù)姆奖愫途鹿さV的限制,整機(jī)采用分體式,而且考慮到井下焊接的不便,盡 用螺栓副聯(lián)接,側(cè)板考慮到外鼓的可能與內(nèi)壁磨損的需要,在外側(cè)加筋內(nèi)側(cè)鋪設(shè)襯板,加強(qiáng)了整體的剛度和強(qiáng)度。2) 增加導(dǎo)板的導(dǎo)向與支撐裝置在做往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的導(dǎo)板下增設(shè)幾組托輥輪,一方面變導(dǎo)板的滑動(dòng)摩擦為滾動(dòng)磨擦,減少了磨損,另一方面也使導(dǎo)板的剛度提高。另外,為防止導(dǎo)板在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中有跑偏現(xiàn)象,在導(dǎo)板兩側(cè)安裝導(dǎo)向輪。3) 對(duì)導(dǎo)板結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化以往K系列給煤機(jī)的平板閘門(mén),物料在運(yùn)送中存在不少問(wèn)題,給料量一直不能提高的關(guān)鍵也在于此。為此,我們對(duì)導(dǎo)板進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,設(shè)計(jì)為階梯型,不但使物料處理量加大了,而且導(dǎo)板本身的強(qiáng)度也得到進(jìn)一步地提高。4) 變扇型閘門(mén)為手動(dòng)平板閘門(mén)控制來(lái)料多少的關(guān)鍵取決于閘門(mén),閘門(mén)在以往的K系列中一直采用扇型結(jié)構(gòu),但從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用中發(fā)現(xiàn),扇型閘門(mén)與倉(cāng)壁經(jīng)常相碰,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)往往在安裝閘門(mén)時(shí)不得不把倉(cāng)壁敲去一部分,使倉(cāng)壁的強(qiáng)度削弱,基于次,我們采用手動(dòng)平板閘門(mén),在閘板下配導(dǎo)向輪,同時(shí)在軸上配有定位裝置。3往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的改造3.1連桿的改造1)改造前K4給煤機(jī)傳動(dòng)部分如圖1所示,該傳動(dòng)方式為:由電動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)減速機(jī)再帶動(dòng)曲柄、曲拐使給煤機(jī)底板作往復(fù)直線(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。1、電動(dòng)機(jī) 2、減速器 3、曲柄 4、軸承 5、曲拐 圖1 改造前給煤機(jī)傳動(dòng)部分簡(jiǎn)圖由于使用環(huán)境煤粉多,軸承內(nèi)極易進(jìn)入雜質(zhì),維護(hù)不好會(huì)使軸承損壞,軸承損壞后不及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)就會(huì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的機(jī)械、電氣事故,不是將曲拐拉斷就是將電機(jī)燒毀。如果電機(jī)及零部件備用不足,發(fā)生事故影響時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),為此改造非常必要。2)改造后K4給煤機(jī)傳動(dòng)部分如圖2, ,傳動(dòng)原理沒(méi)有變,只是將曲柄改成偏心輪,把偏心輪的圓周頂部開(kāi)成油槽,與一個(gè)對(duì)開(kāi)式掛好鎢金的瓦套相配合,瓦套通過(guò)連接軸與給煤機(jī)底板相連,實(shí)際上就是將曲柄改成了一個(gè)偏心的滑動(dòng)軸承,當(dāng)電機(jī)帶動(dòng)減速機(jī)及偏心輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí),同偏心輪配合的瓦套就帶動(dòng)連接軸與給煤機(jī)底板做直線(xiàn)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),達(dá)到給煤的目的。1、電動(dòng)機(jī) 2、減速器 3、偏心輪4、鎢金瓦套5、連接軸6、注油杯圖2 改造后給煤機(jī)傳動(dòng)部分簡(jiǎn)圖3.2結(jié)構(gòu)分析與改進(jìn)(1)圓盤(pán)改進(jìn)K系列給煤機(jī)往復(fù)板的行程調(diào)節(jié)主要是通過(guò)圓盤(pán)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,其零件結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如圖3所示,根據(jù)長(zhǎng)期使用發(fā)現(xiàn)該零件有如下缺點(diǎn):D孔與軸頸采用過(guò)渡配合連接,實(shí)際使用中連接不牢靠,軸頸經(jīng)常脫離;與孔o(hù)1聯(lián)接的定位銷(xiāo)經(jīng)常折斷,不能保證往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)需要的行程。針對(duì)以上缺點(diǎn),我們?cè)趯?shí)際使用中對(duì)圓盤(pán)進(jìn)行了如下改進(jìn):D孔與軸頸改用間隙配合,并擴(kuò)大D孔的倒角、將圓盤(pán)與軸頸焊接。這樣,既增加了聯(lián)接的可靠性,又便于零件損壞時(shí)更換。根據(jù)曲柄結(jié)構(gòu),在與o1 等徑位置處增加o2、o3、o4 3個(gè)孔,如圖4所示。在孔o(hù)5與5定位后,當(dāng)孔o(hù)1與1、o1與2、o1與3、o1與4通過(guò)銷(xiāo)緊固時(shí),分別有o4與4、o3與4、o2與4、o4與1圓心重合。因而曲柄與圓盤(pán)的聯(lián)接可實(shí)現(xiàn)三銷(xiāo)緊固,增加了聯(lián)接的可靠性。圖3圓盤(pán)簡(jiǎn)圖 (2)曲柄圓盤(pán)的改進(jìn)按上述分析,若將圖2曲柄中孔1、2、3、4成60均布,圓盤(pán)中的孔o(hù)1、o2、o3、o4也成60均布,則可實(shí)現(xiàn)多銷(xiāo)緊固(分析略)。另一種方式是將曲柄圓盤(pán)機(jī)構(gòu)改為法蘭式聯(lián)接,如圖5所示。軸頸孔o(hù)與曲柄o1的距離即為偏心距,偏心距計(jì)算公式為:R2=R21+R22-2R1R2icos360/n式中R偏心距,即往復(fù)行程的一半TR1曲柄偏心距R2圓盤(pán)的軸頸孔偏心距n螺栓孔數(shù)量i 的取值范圍為1,2,n,這樣,可得到法蘭式曲柄傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的系列化尺寸,復(fù)行程在一定范圍內(nèi)可任意選定。圖4曲柄及圓盤(pán)簡(jiǎn)圖1 5孔6曲柄7圓盤(pán)圖5改進(jìn)后的曲柄圓盤(pán)機(jī)構(gòu)(3)扇形閘門(mén)的改進(jìn)K系列給煤機(jī)扇形閘門(mén)調(diào)節(jié)不便,損壞率高,被雜物卡牢后不易恢復(fù),我們?cè)趯?shí)際使用中將扇形閘門(mén)改成了平板閘門(mén)。在側(cè)板上焊角鋼,用槽鋼作為平板閘門(mén),其數(shù)量可根據(jù)需要增減,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)給煤量,清除大塊雜物的目的。 (4)側(cè)板增加抗磨襯板K系列給煤機(jī)側(cè)板內(nèi)側(cè)磨損量大,更換費(fèi)工費(fèi)時(shí),且給施工人員帶來(lái)安全威脅。我們通過(guò)對(duì)側(cè)板加抗磨襯板來(lái)提高給煤機(jī)壽命,襯板與側(cè)板的聯(lián)接采用焊接,除周邊焊接外,中間開(kāi)縫與側(cè)板塞焊。4、往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的能耗分析與節(jié)能措施往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的能耗分析與節(jié)能措施采用超高分子量聚乙烯材料作襯板,煤與固定側(cè)板的摩擦系數(shù)下降了,運(yùn)行阻力減少7% A,相應(yīng)地電動(dòng)機(jī)功耗減少7%。減少煤與底板的摩擦系數(shù)是有限的,這是因?yàn)檎袝r(shí),給煤機(jī)槽體內(nèi)的煤是在其與底板之間的摩擦力作用下移到給煤機(jī)前端。煤與底板的摩擦力要大于煤在加速時(shí)的動(dòng)阻力和煤與固定側(cè)板的摩擦力,才能保證在正行時(shí)煤與底板間不產(chǎn)生相對(duì)滑動(dòng)。因此,煤與底板間的摩擦系數(shù)不宜降低。采用傾斜倉(cāng)口漏斗的改進(jìn)型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī),可避免煤倉(cāng)出口處壓力作用于活動(dòng)底板,減少活動(dòng)底板運(yùn)行阻力,是往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)有效的節(jié)能措施。采用傾斜倉(cāng)口溜槽,需要提高煤倉(cāng)口至地坪的空間高度,增加土建工程量。但煤倉(cāng)口高度提高有限(K-4型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)提高0.6m),而運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用大大降低,綜合節(jié)能效益是明顯的。降低煤與固定側(cè)板的摩擦系數(shù),也有一定的節(jié)能效果。煤與活動(dòng)底板間的摩擦系數(shù)不宜降低。研制大型往復(fù)式給煤機(jī),適應(yīng)了我國(guó)煤炭發(fā)展的需要,擴(kuò)大了煤礦生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中給煤設(shè)備的選型范圍。尤其是在濟(jì)寧二號(hào)礦井的成功使用,為我國(guó)提供了新的大型給煤設(shè)備,應(yīng)予大力推廣使用。往復(fù)式給煤機(jī)的改造以及應(yīng)用對(duì)給煤機(jī)的發(fā)展起到了一定的作用。
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