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第4講 詞句猜測(cè)題,考點(diǎn)1 猜測(cè)詞義類 【典例】(2015全國(guó)卷ⅠC片段) . . . . . . Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.,The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(無限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras, ”explains the Pompidou Centre.,The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.,Q: What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Donations. B. Projects. C. Artworks. D. Documents.,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 在畫線詞前后找出相關(guān)的信息詞。 __________________________________ _________________________________________________ 嘗試解答: __,①The fine selection of the major works,②from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum,C,【解題技巧】 1. “文中信息”巧利用 考查考生根據(jù)上下文語境判斷生詞意義的能力, 要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”或“上下取證”。 ①同義或定義解釋法。上下文中以某種方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋, 如利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等詞語進(jìn)行解釋, 或利用破折號(hào)、同位語(從句)、定語從句等進(jìn)行解釋等。 ②因果推斷法。對(duì)生詞詞義的猜測(cè)需要結(jié)合上下文的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。,③前后對(duì)比法。對(duì)生詞給出一定的對(duì)比背景, 并且通常以反義或?qū)φ盏姆绞匠霈F(xiàn)。 ④語境理解法。根據(jù)語境猜測(cè)詞義占此類試題的大多數(shù), 做題時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文語境信息進(jìn)行分析、推理, 從而猜測(cè)出生詞的意義。 ⑤基本構(gòu)詞法。 2. 常見命題方式 The underlined word. . . probably means______. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word. . . ?,考點(diǎn)2 猜測(cè)短語類 【典例】(2015全國(guó)卷ⅡA片段) My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. …,Q: Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1? A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 在畫線部分前后找出相關(guān)的信息詞。 _______________ _____________ ____________________________________________ 嘗試解答: __,①keep it on until,②Fortunately,③didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies,A,【解題技巧】 1. “語境分析”猜短語 短語猜測(cè)題是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過程, 即利用該短語前后的已知部分進(jìn)行推理判斷。首先注意分析短語的意思, 然后結(jié)合具體語境去推測(cè)短語的含義更有利于解決問題。 2. 常見命題方式 The underlined phrase. . . could be replaced by______. What does the underlined phrase. . . refer to?,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 短語猜測(cè)題的干擾項(xiàng)一般是以下幾種情況: 1. 短語的字面意思。 2. 文中出現(xiàn)的與猜測(cè)無關(guān)的內(nèi)容。 3. 命題人憑空杜撰的內(nèi)容。,考點(diǎn)3 猜測(cè)句意類 【典例】(2015浙江高考D片段) In 2004, when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were united in their desire for a dog. As for me, I shared none of their canine lust. But why, they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog. ”“But we’ll do it. “Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog? ”Yes, yes, and yes. “I don’t believe you. ”We will. We promise.,They didn’t. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life(small, medium, and large), she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack. ” …,Q: Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack. ”(Paragraph 3)? A. “The middle-aged person loves me most. ” B. “The medium-sized woman is the hostess. ” C. “The man in the middle is the one who has the final say. ” D. “The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family. ”,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 試找出與畫線句相關(guān)的句子, 并找出關(guān)鍵詞: 畫線句: The medium one is the sucker in the pack. 相關(guān)句: ①____________________________________________ ②___________________________________________________________ ______________ 嘗試解答: __,From day two. . . , neither thought to walk the dog.,While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to. . . , Misty knew,this on day one.,D,【解題技巧】 1. “意義吻合”定句意 句意猜測(cè)題要求考生通過閱讀文章, 用合適的語句對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述。 ①返回原文, 找到該句, 對(duì)原句進(jìn)行語法和邏輯關(guān)系的準(zhǔn)確分析。對(duì)于需要推理的句意理解, 首先要理解句子前后的語境, 其次對(duì)此句在文章中的意思進(jìn)行合理的推斷, 最后再歸納總結(jié)。 ②一般說來, 正確選項(xiàng)的意思與原句的意思完全相同, 是用其他的英語詞匯或句式來表達(dá)。,2. 常見命題方式 Which of the following best explains the underlined part. . . ? What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?,考點(diǎn)4 猜測(cè)指代類 【典例】 (2015浙江高考C片段) . . . Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.,The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected. . . .,Q: What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to? A. The night. B. The moon. C. The sky. D. The planet.,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 找出相關(guān)句并找出關(guān)鍵詞。 Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. 嘗試解答: __,A,【解題技巧】 1. “就近原則”判指代 此類題目要求考生根據(jù)語境判斷代詞(this, that, it, they, them, one, which等)或代動(dòng)詞(do, does, did等)究竟指代什么。具體方法: ①返回原文, 找出指代詞(it, they, them, this. . . )。 ②向上(有時(shí)向下)搜索, 找最近的名詞、代詞、短語或句子(就近原則)。 ③將找到的詞、詞組或句子代入替換該指代詞, 看其意思、邏輯關(guān)系是否通順, 并最終確定最佳答案。,2. 常見命題方式 What does the underlined word “this/it/them. . . ”refer to? The underlined part “it/that/they. . . ”(in Para. . . . )refers to______.,【文體鏈接】 一、說明文結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 1. 說明對(duì)象: 說明文用平實(shí)的語言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題, 如機(jī)器的制造過程、自然或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、工程項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃或問題的解決方案等, 介紹自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新成果, 社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的新生事物等。 2. 說明順序: 時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序等。,3. 說明方法: 舉例、分類或類比、對(duì)比, 給事物下定義或分析事物產(chǎn)生的原因以及后果等。 4. 說明文特點(diǎn): ①時(shí)態(tài)多為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí); ②條理十分清晰; ③多為被動(dòng)語態(tài), 表達(dá)客觀的事物。,二、說明文的解題技巧 1. 略讀: 通過略讀, 領(lǐng)略內(nèi)容大意, 幫助理解, 為細(xì)讀做準(zhǔn)備。尋找主題句, 獲取大意, 找出每段的主題。理解主題句與文章的具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)系, 對(duì)文章進(jìn)行整體理解, 獲取文章表達(dá)的正確信息。 2. 跳讀: 尋找所需信息, 如年代、數(shù)字、人名、地名等, 把握住關(guān)鍵詞, 利用語法過渡詞、語氣轉(zhuǎn)折詞及時(shí)態(tài)等, 抓住文章脈絡(luò)。 3. 細(xì)讀: 分段細(xì)讀, 注意細(xì)節(jié)及語言結(jié)構(gòu), 抓住關(guān)鍵信息, 解釋文章結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系, 幫助深化理解。,