2019-2020年高考英語 Unit13單元單詞短語句型知識梳理 大綱人教版第二冊 .doc

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2019-2020年高考英語 Unit13單元單詞短語句型知識梳理 大綱人教版第二冊 單元 考查重點及熱點 Unit 13 單詞 cube sailor benefit transport range unique atom oxygen relative solid freezing pure gramme relationship mass kilogramme float decrease substance centigrade absorb thus stable sensitive steady trust nursery recreation gallon 短語 benefit from all the way take advantage of give off call in a variety of 句型 1.sth.happen to 2.比較級+than any other... Unit 14 單詞 freedom civil murder youth prison revolution slavery runaway soul chorus arrest separation race marriage forbid vote political demand boycott lawyerracial act bill politics religion independence unconditional abolish prejudice regardless chapter ridiculous 短語 put...in prison join hands set an example to from then on start with regardless ofat first sight 句型 what引導的名詞性從句 ＝I have benefited from a good education. 我得益于良好的教育。 鏈接提示 (1)for the benefit of為了……的利益；為幫助某人I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those who were absent last week. 我?guī)蜕闲瞧谌闭n的人打印了些上課的筆記。(2)of benefit to對……有益處(該短語既可以作表語，也可以作定語) The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned. 新章程將使所有有關(guān)人員受益。 (3)benefit from/by從……受益 練:(1)A large sum of money has been raised for the_________________ of the poorlyeducated children in the mountainous districts. A.profit B.favor C.advantage D.benefit 提示:profit利潤；favor恩惠；幫助；advantage優(yōu)點；優(yōu)勢；benefit益處；好處。依據(jù)詞義和搭配for the benefit of，選D項。 答案:D (2)Doing morning exercises________________ our health and we________________ it. A.benefits to;benefit B.benefits;benefit from C.benefits from;benefit D.benefits;are benefited from 答案:B 2.absorb 講：vt.(\drink in,take in)吸收(水、熱、光等)；使并入；同化；理解；掌握；吸引注意力；使全神貫注 例:We must absorb whatever experience is useful to us. 我們必須吸收對我們有用的一切經(jīng)驗。 It’s a lot of information to absorb all at once. 要一下子消化這些資料，真是很多。 The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. 這種乳霜皮膚易吸收。 鏈接提示 absorb作“使全神貫注，使專心”講時，常用于被動語態(tài)。(1)be/get absorbed in 全神貫注；專心致志 She was pletely absorbed in her work. 她的心思完全集中在工作上。 The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 小女孩正在全神貫注地閱讀一篇故事。 (2)be absorbed in thought=be lost in thought陷入沉思 練:(1)Danis is__________________ writing a new novel and has no eye for his wife and children. A.occupied to B.busied for C.absorbed in D.engaged with 提示:A、B、D項搭配錯誤，應(yīng)該分別用be occupied in,be busy (in)或be engaged in，它們都可以表示“忙于……”，be absorbed in的意思是“全神貫注干某事”。 答案:C (2)Because of the drought,the ground quickly_____________ the little rain that fell last night. A.absorbed B.took C.floated D.wasted 答案:A 3.range 講：n. &v.幅度；范圍；范圍涉及 構(gòu)成短語:range from...to...范圍從……到…… within range of在……范圍之內(nèi) beyond range of在……范圍之外 例:The student has a very wide range of interests. 那個學生的興趣非常廣泛。 The prices of the dolls range from $5 to $100. 那些布娃娃的價格從5美元到100美元不等。 The discussion ranged over various problems. 那次討論涉及到種種問題。 鏈接提示 range還可以用作及物動詞，表示“排列；歸類”。 They ranged the books on the shelf. 他們把書架上的書排列整齊。 練:—What’s your cost of your shirts here,sir? —It depends on which fashion you want to buy,and the prices______________ from $100 to $300. A.reach B.separate C.range D.differ 提示:從句子的意思分析，此處用range和from $100 to $300連用，表示“從100美元到300美元不同的價位”。而separate...from的意思為“把……和……分開”；differ from“和……不同”均不符合語境要求。 答案:C 短語 1.all the way 講：該詞組的義項有“一路上；自始至終；完全地；無保留地”。 例:She didn’t speak a word to me all the way back home. 在回家的路上，她沒對我說過一句話。 You can feel that the audience is with her all the way. 你可以感覺到聽眾完全支持她。 鏈接拓展 含有way的短語: (1)in this way用這種方式 (2)by the way順便說 (3)in a way在某種程度上 (4)in no way決不 (5)in the way妨礙某人 (6)lose one’s way迷路 (7)on the/one’s way在路上 (8)make one’s way前進 練:(1)Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton(浮游生物)___________ to giants like sharks and whales. A.all the way B.in the way C.by the way D.on the way 提示:all the way一路上，一直。 答案:A (2)—Have you heard today’s weather forecast? —Yes.Better weather is_______________ .We can expect an outing. A.in the way B.by the way C.in this way D.on the way 提示:從后面一句話所提供的暗示分析，這里應(yīng)該表示天氣正在好轉(zhuǎn)，所以使用介詞短語on the way“在路上；就要”的意思。 答案:D 2.take advantage of 講：該詞組的義項有“利用；利用……的機會；欺騙；占……的便宜”。 例:She took advantage of the children’s absence to tidy their rooms. 她趁孩子不在時收拾他們的房間。 We took full advantage of the hotel facilities. 我們充分利用了旅館設(shè)施。 鏈接提示 含有advantage的短語: (1)be/work to your advantage對……有利 It would be to your advantage to attend the meeting. 參加這次會議對你有利。 (2)turn sth.to your advantage使轉(zhuǎn)為有利；變(不利)為有利；利用 練:The advantage human beings have to______________ the sun is worth discussing. A.take of B.play with C.have on D.do with 提示:human beings have to _________ the sun是定語從句，從句中省略了關(guān)系代詞 that/which，先行詞advantage作定語從句中的賓語。從搭配關(guān)系看，應(yīng)選A項，take advantage of意為“利用”。 答案:A 句型 1.sth.happen to 講:注意觀察下面教材原句: What happens to the sailor? sth.happen to sb.(某人)發(fā)生了什么事 sth.happen to sth.(某物)發(fā)生了什么情況；怎么了 例:What has happened to your leg? 你的腿怎么了？ I knew an accident happened to him only when he told me about it. 他告訴了我，我才知道他出了事。 鏈接提示 happen 作“碰巧”解時，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為: (1)happen to do something碰巧做……；偶然做…… (2)happen to be doing something 碰巧在做…… (3)happen to have done碰巧做過…… (4)It(so)happens(happened) that...碰巧…… When I went to visit him,he happened to be going out. =When I went to visit him,it happened that he was going out. 我去拜訪他的時候，他碰巧不在家。 練:(1)To be well informed,we should be____________ munication with each other about what_________ . A.on;happens to us B.in;we happen C.with;happens to us D.in;happens to us 提示:be in munication with sb.意思是“與某人保持聯(lián)系”；“(某人)發(fā)生了什么事”用sth.happen to sb.表達。故選D項。 答案:D (2)_________________ happened to be out that day,so you didn’t find me. A.I B.It C.This D.You 提示:從句意看，不可以選用D項；從結(jié)構(gòu)看應(yīng)該選A，sb.happen to do=it happens that sb.do。 答案:A (3)(xx遼寧高考)I don’t know whether you happen______________ ,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September. A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heard 提示:從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思看，題干中的happen是“碰巧”的意思，由于“hear”表示的動作發(fā)生的早，因而用動詞不定式的完成式。 答案:D 2.比較級+than any other... 講:注意觀察下面教材原句: The density of living creatures is higher than in any other habitat on earth. (那里)生物的密度比任何其他棲息地的密度要大。 以上句子雖然用的是比較級形式，但表達的是最高級含義。在表示“主語比某一范圍里的任何一個都……”時，要注意主語本身是否包含在這一范圍內(nèi)。如果主語包含在這一范圍內(nèi)，就必須用other或else，把本身排除掉；若不包含在這一范圍內(nèi)，就不必使用other或else。 例:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中國其他任何城市都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中國比非洲任何一個國家都大。 鏈接提示 比較級表達最高級含義的其他結(jié)構(gòu): (1)比較級+than all the other+復數(shù)名詞 (2)比較級+than+anyone else (3)never/not+a(an)+比較級+單數(shù)名詞 (4)the+比較級+of the two表示“兩者當中比較……的一個”。 練:(1)Tom is taller than____________________ in his class. A.any student B.all the students C.anybody else D.any other students 提示:從in his class看，Tom屬于這個班級，而A和B兩項都包括Tom，自己和自己是無法比較的，故排除。else用在someone,anyone和nobody等不定代詞之后時，可改為other+單數(shù)名詞，如本句anybody else就可改為any other student。 答案:C (2)How beautifully she sang! I have never heard voice. A.the better B.a better C.the best D.a best 提示:本題考查比較級表達最高級含義的結(jié)構(gòu)，選B項。 答案:B 辨析 1.sound,noise,voice (1)sound指各種聽得見的聲音，這種聲音可以是悅耳的，也可以是不悅耳的。 (2)noise指各種“噪音;響聲;喧鬧聲”。 (3)voice指人的說話聲、歌聲或笑聲，也可以指鳥鳴聲，還可以用于比喻。 即時練習: (1)I heard a strange_____________ in the next room. (2)She listened to the low,sad_______________ of the sea. (3)The manager must be in the next room.I heard his________________. (4)Don’t make such a___________________ . (5)The_______________ from that factory makes it difficult for me to go to sleep. (6)_______________ travels fast,but light travels faster. (7)The baby cried at top of his________________ . 答案:(1)sound (2) voice (3)voice (4)noise (5)noise (6)Sound (7)voice 2.alive,live,living 這三個詞都有“活著的”意思。 (1)alive多用于指人或物，用作表語、后置定語或賓語補足語; (2)live只可指物，僅用作定語; (3)living可指人，也可指物，在句中作表語、后置定語或前置定語。 即時練習: (1)Who is the greatest man _________________? (2)Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer_______________ at the center. (3)She bought a__________________ fish. (4)The_________________ people are more important than the dead. (5)There are some_______________ animals on the island. (6)When we found him ten days later,he was still________________ . 答案:(1)alive (2)alive (3)live (4)living(5)live (6)alive/living 誘思：實例點撥 【例1】(xx上海高考)More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,_______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taken 提示:從句意和結(jié)構(gòu)看，該句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，因為沒有明確的時間先后關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。 答案:A 【例2】(xx山東高考)Mr.Smith owns_________________ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. A.larger B.a larger C.the larger D.a large 提示:本題考查比較級結(jié)構(gòu)，排除D項；the larger表示兩者中較大的一個，不合題意；a collection of sth.的意思是“一批收集的東西”。因此用a larger。 答案:B 【例3】(xx遼寧高考)There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_________________ she was an only child. A.ever since B.now that C.even though D.even as 提示:ever since的意思是“自從……以來”，需要和現(xiàn)在完成時連用；now that既然，由于；even though/if即使；縱然；雖然；even as恰如；正當……的時候。even though符合句意，故選C項。句意為:盡管凱特是個獨生女，她從來沒感覺過寂寞。 答案:C 【例4】(xx湖北高考)To understand the grammar of the sentence,you must break it___________ into parts. A.down B.up C.off D.out 提示:break down分解,拆分;break up毀壞，破壞;break off斷絕，中斷;break out爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生;只有break down意思合適。 答案:A 講評:本題考查動詞短語。對于此類題目，學生們應(yīng)該從短語的搭配及語境兩個方面去分析，使短語的意思適合語境的要求。近幾年的考查有時還考查了短語的一詞多義，這更應(yīng)該引起注意，在學習中注意多觀察，多分析，多記憶，多運用。