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下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763高空作業(yè)車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及分析摘 要本課題針對(duì) GKZ 系列車(chē)型轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)部分的要求工作裝置，對(duì) GKZ 型高空作業(yè)車(chē)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)及分析。高空作業(yè)車(chē)由液壓馬達(dá)、回轉(zhuǎn)減速器及回轉(zhuǎn)小齒輪、回轉(zhuǎn)支承等組成。進(jìn)行回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，液壓馬達(dá)輸出動(dòng)力，通過(guò)回轉(zhuǎn)減速器減速后帶動(dòng)輸出軸上的小齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，小齒輪與回轉(zhuǎn)支承的齒圈嚙合，由于回轉(zhuǎn)支承的齒圈與車(chē)架剛性連接，因而回轉(zhuǎn)減速器帶動(dòng)與之相連的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)。本課題確定了高空作業(yè)車(chē)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)方案，采用的單排四點(diǎn)接觸球式回轉(zhuǎn)支承，此類支承的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是同時(shí)承受軸向、徑向力和復(fù)合力矩。適用子中小型起重機(jī)。轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)采用的是倒 π型結(jié)構(gòu)，前后兩個(gè)高強(qiáng)板，左右各一個(gè)支承板，再加兩個(gè)加強(qiáng)筋形成。對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)采用 PRO/E 進(jìn)行建模，將建好的模型通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)化放入 ANSYS 中進(jìn)行有限元分析，分析出變形最大和受應(yīng)力最大的接觸面，對(duì)分析的結(jié)果的提出改進(jìn)方案，對(duì)改進(jìn)后的方案進(jìn)行有限元分析比較, 確定最佳方案。本方案的設(shè)計(jì)為同類轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)和分析方法。在課題設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中使用的方法有：（1）在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中主要對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的的受力情況進(jìn)行分析，計(jì)算出轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力大小和轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的自重，對(duì)傳動(dòng)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核，運(yùn)用繪圖軟件 PRO/E 進(jìn)行建模。 （2）將模型導(dǎo)入 ANSYS 中，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力情況進(jìn)行分析查看其分析的結(jié)果，確保轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的變形和所受的應(yīng)力均能符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。[關(guān)鍵詞] ：高空作業(yè)車(chē)； 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；有限元分析；ANSYS 下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763Constructional design and analysis for turn-table of aerial work platformsAbstractAccording to the requirement of working devices of turn-tables in the machine series type GKZ, this paper presented the constructional design and analysis for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms. The aerial work platforms comprised hydraulic motors, rotary speed reducers, revolving pinions, slewing bearings and so on. When the turn-table slewed, the hydraulic motor transmitted power output which enabled pinions on the output shaft to revolve. Pinions were meshed with ring gear on slewing bearings. Due to rigid connection between the ring gear on slewing bearings and the chassis, turn-tables were rotated by rotary speed reducers. Gear plan for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms and constructional design for turn-table were presented. Gear plans transmission for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms was provided in which single-row four-point contact ball slewing bearings were adopted. The advantage of this type of bearing, which suited small and medium crane, was that it can bear axial force, radial force and compound moment at the same time. Configurations of anti type π were adopted in constructional design for turn-table, in which there were two high strength plates in tandem, two eudipleural supporting plates and two stiffened panels. Modeling and simulation of turn tables were obtained using PRO/E. The obtained modeling was transformation and analyzed by ANSYS Finite Element Analysis software. Consequently, contact area in the maximum of deformation and stress were analyzed. According to the results, improved schemes were presented, which were further analyzed and compared by finite element analysis. Finally, the best scheme was founded. This project provided the approaches of constructional design for the similar type of turn-table in theory.The following methods were used in this project: 1) Force situation of turn tables were analyzed in constructional design, and force variation and mass of turn-tables were calculated. The design and intensity of transmission gear were checked. Modeling and simulation were obtained using drawing software PRO/E; 2) The modeling were imputed into ANSYS and bearing force of turn-tables were analyzed. The results ensured that the deformation of turn-tables and their bearing force would meet the design requirements.[Keywords]: Aerial work platform; Turn-tables; Constructional design; Finite element analysis; ANSYS下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763目 錄第一章 緒 論 ..................................................................................................................................1§1．1 引 言............................................................................................................................................1§1．2 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況......................................................................................................11.2.1 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與動(dòng)向 ............................................................................21.2.2 高空作業(yè)車(chē)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀、差距與如何提高的方法 .....................................................3§ 1.3 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的組成............................................................................................................................51.3.1 工作機(jī)構(gòu) ..............................................................................................................................51.3.2 金屬結(jié)構(gòu) ..............................................................................................................................61.3.3 動(dòng)力裝置 ..............................................................................................................................61.3.4 控制系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................................................................7§ 1.4 本課題研究的意義............................................................................................................................7第二章 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 .....................................................................8§2.1 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................................................82.1.1 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的組成 ..........................................................................................................................8§2-2 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力分析 ..............................................................................................................................132.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的自重 G ...................................................................................................................14§2-3 上下臂的受力分析及計(jì)算 ..............................................................................................................162.3.1 上臂的受力分析 ...............................................................................................................172.3.2 下臂的受力分析 ...............................................................................................................19§2-4 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 ......................................................................................................................212.4.1 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算載荷 ............................................................................................212.4.2 轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 ........................................................................................222.4.3 按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉(zhuǎn)支承型號(hào) ............................................................222.4.4 轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 ........................................................................................242.4.5 按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉(zhuǎn)支承型號(hào) ............................................................24§2.5 傳動(dòng)齒輪的計(jì)算...............................................................................................................................25第三章 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的有限元分析 .................................................................................................28§3.1 有限元方法的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)...................................................................................................................28§3.2 有限元分析軟件 ANSYS ................................................................................................................30§3.3 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元分析...................................................................................................................343.3.1 實(shí)體建模 .........................................................................................................................343.3.2 計(jì)算模型 ............................................................................................................................343.3.3 有限元模型 ........................................................................................................................36第 4 章 結(jié) 論 .............................................................................................................................43致 謝 ............................................................................................................................................44參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................................................45下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763買(mǎi)文檔送全套圖紙 扣扣 414951605下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763高空作業(yè)車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及分析摘 要本課題針對(duì) GKZ 系列車(chē)型轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)部分的要求工作裝置，對(duì) GKZ 型高空作業(yè)車(chē)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)及分析。高空作業(yè)車(chē)由液壓馬達(dá)、回轉(zhuǎn)減速器及回轉(zhuǎn)小齒輪、回轉(zhuǎn)支承等組成。進(jìn)行回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，液壓馬達(dá)輸出動(dòng)力，通過(guò)回轉(zhuǎn)減速器減速后帶動(dòng)輸出軸上的小齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，小齒輪與回轉(zhuǎn)支承的齒圈嚙合，由于回轉(zhuǎn)支承的齒圈與車(chē)架剛性連接，因而回轉(zhuǎn)減速器帶動(dòng)與之相連的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)。本課題確定了高空作業(yè)車(chē)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)方案，采用的單排四點(diǎn)接觸球式回轉(zhuǎn)支承，此類支承的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是同時(shí)承受軸向、徑向力和復(fù)合力矩。適用子中小型起重機(jī)。轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)采用的是倒 π型結(jié)構(gòu)，前后兩個(gè)高強(qiáng)板，左右各一個(gè)支承板，再加兩個(gè)加強(qiáng)筋形成。對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)采用 PRO/E 進(jìn)行建模，將建好的模型通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)化放入 ANSYS 中進(jìn)行有限元分析，分析出變形最大和受應(yīng)力最大的接觸面，對(duì)分析的結(jié)果的提出改進(jìn)方案，對(duì)改進(jìn)后的方案進(jìn)行有限元分析比較, 確定最佳方案。本方案的設(shè)計(jì)為同類轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)和分析方法。在課題設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中使用的方法有：（1）在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中主要對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的的受力下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763情況進(jìn)行分析，計(jì)算出轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力大小和轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的自重，對(duì)傳動(dòng)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核，運(yùn)用繪圖軟件 PRO/E 進(jìn)行建模。 （2）將模型導(dǎo)入 ANSYS 中，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力情況進(jìn)行分析查看其分析的結(jié)果，確保轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的變形和所受的應(yīng)力均能符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。[關(guān)鍵詞] ：高空作業(yè)車(chē)； 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；有限元分析；ANSYS 下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763Constructional design and analysis for turn-table of aerial work platformsAbstractAccording to the requirement of working devices of turn-tables in the machine series type GKZ, this paper presented the constructional design and analysis for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms. The aerial work platforms comprised hydraulic motors, rotary speed reducers, revolving pinions, slewing bearings and so on. When the turn-table slewed, the hydraulic motor transmitted power output which enabled pinions on the output shaft to revolve. Pinions were meshed with ring gear on slewing bearings. Due to rigid connection between the ring gear on slewing bearings and the chassis, turn-tables were rotated by rotary speed reducers. Gear plan for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms and constructional design for turn-table were presented. Gear plans transmission for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms was provided in which single-row four-point contact ball slewing bearings were adopted. The advantage of this type of bearing, which suited small and medium crane, was that it can bear axial force, radial force and compound moment at the same time. Configurations of anti type π were adopted in constructional design for turn-table, in which there were two high strength plates in tandem, two eudipleural supporting plates and two stiffened panels. Modeling and simulation of turn tables were obtained using PRO/E. The obtained modeling was transformation and analyzed by ANSYS Finite Element Analysis software. Consequently, contact area in the maximum of deformation and stress were analyzed. According to the results, improved schemes were presented, which were further analyzed and compared by finite element analysis. Finally, the best scheme was founded. This project provided the approaches of constructional design for the similar type of turn-table in theory.The following methods were used in this project: 1) Force situation of turn tables were analyzed in constructional design, and force variation and mass of turn-tables were calculated. The design and intensity of transmission gear were checked. Modeling and simulation were obtained using drawing software PRO/E; 2) The modeling were imputed into ANSYS and bearing force of turn-tables were analyzed. The results ensured that the deformation of turn-tables and their bearing force would meet the design requirements.[Keywords]: Aerial work platform; Turn-tables; Constructional design; Finite element analysis; ANSYS下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763目 錄第一章 緒 論 ..................................................................................................................................1§1．1 引 言............................................................................................................................................1§1．2 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況......................................................................................................11.2.1 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與動(dòng)向 ............................................................................21.2.2 高空作業(yè)車(chē)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀、差距與如何提高的方法 .....................................................3§ 1.3 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的組成............................................................................................................................51.3.1 工作機(jī)構(gòu) ..............................................................................................................................51.3.2 金屬結(jié)構(gòu) ..............................................................................................................................61.3.3 動(dòng)力裝置 ..............................................................................................................................61.3.4 控制系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................................................................7§ 1.4 本課題研究的意義............................................................................................................................7第二章 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 .....................................................................8§2.1 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................................................82.1.1 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的組成 ..........................................................................................................................8§2-2 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受 力分析 ..............................................................................................................................132.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的自重 G ...................................................................................................................14§2-3 上下臂的受力分析及計(jì)算 ..............................................................................................................162.3.1 上臂的受力分析 ...............................................................................................................172.3.2 下臂的受力分析 ...............................................................................................................19§2-4 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 ......................................................................................................................212.4.1 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算載荷 ............................................................................................212.4.2 轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 ........................................................................................222.4.3 按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉(zhuǎn)支承型號(hào) ............................................................222.4.4 轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 ........................................................................................242.4.5 按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉(zhuǎn)支承型號(hào) ............................................................24§2.5 傳動(dòng)齒輪的計(jì)算...............................................................................................................................25第三章 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的有限元分析 .................................................................................................28§3.1 有限元方法的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)...................................................................................................................28§3.2 有限元分析軟件 ANSYS ................................................................................................................30§3.3 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元分析...................................................................................................................343.3.1 實(shí)體建模 .........................................................................................................................343.3.2 計(jì)算模型 ............................................................................................................................343.3.3 有限元模型 ........................................................................................................................36第 4 章 結(jié) 論 .............................................................................................................................43致 謝 ............................................................................................................................................44參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................................................45下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第 頁(yè)1第一章 緒 論§1．1 引 言 工程機(jī)械廣泛應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的各部門(mén)，并且在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中占有十分重要的地位。解放以后，我國(guó)的機(jī)械工業(yè)在十分薄弱的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過(guò)近五十年的艱苦努力，從小到大，從修配到制造，從僅僅仿造一般機(jī)械產(chǎn)品到能制造大型、中型、精密設(shè)備，從制造單機(jī)到制造重大成套設(shè)備，逐步形成了一個(gè)門(mén)類比較齊全，具有較大規(guī)模，較先進(jìn)技術(shù)水平和成套水平不斷提高的工業(yè)體系。80 年代以來(lái)，工程機(jī)械發(fā)展速度快。其主要原因:一是我國(guó)在改革開(kāi)放政策指引下，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展快，對(duì)工程機(jī)械的需要增多;二是從中央到地方給與發(fā)展的優(yōu)惠政策，增加資金注入，加以扶植;三是引進(jìn)國(guó)外多項(xiàng)先進(jìn)技術(shù)，經(jīng)過(guò)消化吸收，產(chǎn)品技術(shù)水平提高;四是，企業(yè)經(jīng)過(guò)組織結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，相互合作，并在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中促使相互提高。但是我國(guó)工程機(jī)械與國(guó)外工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比較以及與國(guó)內(nèi)建設(shè)要求相比還有不少差距，還有許多問(wèn)題 A 待研究解決。隨著目前高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，尤其是計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)及其廣泛應(yīng)用，它帶動(dòng)了整個(gè)工業(yè)的發(fā)展，在機(jī)械行業(yè)更為引人注目，設(shè)計(jì)上的優(yōu)化等使機(jī)器向高精密化發(fā)展，帶來(lái)了一場(chǎng)新的變革。當(dāng)然一向以笨重著稱的大型工程機(jī)械，更有著廣闊的發(fā)展余地。高空作業(yè)車(chē)作為一種大型的工程機(jī)械設(shè)備，日前廣泛應(yīng)用在船舶、建筑、市政建設(shè)、消防、港口貨運(yùn)等行業(yè)，是新興的技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。高空作業(yè)機(jī)械是在工程起重機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)，只有二十幾年的歷史。盡管我國(guó)在高空作業(yè)車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)制造上取得了一些成績(jī)，但是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)制造的高空作業(yè)機(jī)械同國(guó)外同類型高空作業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品相比仍有一定差距，土要表現(xiàn)為技術(shù)含量低、大型的較少、結(jié)構(gòu)笨重、作業(yè)時(shí)微動(dòng)性能差等問(wèn)題?！?．2 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況高空作業(yè)車(chē)的分類方式有好多種，按臂架的展開(kāi)方式分類，有折疊式和伸縮式及混合式三種;按臂架的形狀分類有，直臂式和曲臂式 ;按驅(qū)動(dòng)方式分類，有自動(dòng)式、拖動(dòng)式和手動(dòng)式等等。下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第 頁(yè)21.2.1 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與動(dòng)向國(guó)外高空作業(yè)機(jī)械屬新興行業(yè)，是在工程起重機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)卜發(fā)展起來(lái)的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)，只有二十幾年的歷史。目前，專業(yè)生產(chǎn)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的公司比較少。近年來(lái)，由于汽車(chē)起重機(jī)銷(xiāo)售量下降及市場(chǎng)平淡，一批汽車(chē)起重制造公司，相繼發(fā)展高空作業(yè)機(jī)械，但總計(jì)年產(chǎn)量仍不能滿足市場(chǎng)需求，正處于發(fā)展時(shí)期。 [1]1.2.1.1 作業(yè)車(chē)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)國(guó)外高空作業(yè)機(jī)械，發(fā)展迅速，技術(shù)水平不斷提高。工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，一般都有專門(mén)的跨國(guó)公司和集團(tuán)主營(yíng)和兼營(yíng)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械，如美國(guó) GROVE 公司(格魯夫)和 GENIE(吉尼公司)、英國(guó) COLES 公司、S I-MON 公司(西蒙)、意大利 RICO(利高) 、芬蘭 BRONTO 公司(波浪濤公司)、日本的多田野和愛(ài)知株式會(huì)社等。高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的底盤(pán)分通用型和專用型，采用通用汽車(chē)底盤(pán)的高空作業(yè)機(jī)械，機(jī)動(dòng)靈活，能快速轉(zhuǎn)移，作業(yè)高度較高，采用專用底盤(pán)的高空作業(yè)機(jī)械，即自行式高空平臺(tái)車(chē)，適用于固定場(chǎng)所作業(yè)，具有微動(dòng)行駛，擴(kuò)大作業(yè)半徑等特點(diǎn)。為了滿足實(shí)際工程的需要，高空作業(yè)車(chē)的作業(yè)高度越來(lái)越高，隨之作業(yè)半徑也越來(lái)越大。 操作越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)單可靠，自動(dòng)化程度不斷提高。如 GENIE(吉尼公司)的自行式直臂式高空作業(yè)車(chē)、自行式曲臂式高空作業(yè)車(chē)、自行式剪型高空作業(yè)車(chē)。由于采用自動(dòng)化控制，高空作業(yè)車(chē)的微動(dòng)性能好，定位也來(lái)越來(lái)越準(zhǔn)確。但根據(jù)不同的工況條件，考慮到造價(jià)等原因，拖動(dòng)式和手動(dòng)式很有實(shí)用價(jià)值，目前在一些場(chǎng)所仍被廣泛使用。此類高空作業(yè)車(chē)有拖動(dòng)式曲臂高空作業(yè)車(chē)和手動(dòng)式物料升降機(jī)。1.2.1.2 作業(yè)車(chē)的發(fā)展動(dòng)向高空作業(yè)車(chē)的發(fā)展主要?jiǎng)酉蚴菍?shí)現(xiàn)六化、三性，以提高高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的適用性。六化:即液壓化、最優(yōu)化(采用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) )、輕量化(采用高強(qiáng)度材料減輕構(gòu)件重量)、機(jī)電液一體化(如安全保護(hù)、報(bào)警裝置等)、通用化、系列化。三性：可靠性、安全性和舒適性。各大公司產(chǎn)品技術(shù)水平、品種、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量均有較大發(fā)展和提高，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈，不斷向世界各地推銷(xiāo)，占領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)。1.2.1.3 新技術(shù)及其作用下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第 頁(yè)3為了滿足高層建筑的復(fù)雜情況，要求人們不斷改進(jìn)舉高車(chē)，以適應(yīng)施工、滅火等需要，以及舉高車(chē)制造公司間日趨激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，促進(jìn)了舉高車(chē)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。新技術(shù)的采用，使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 80 年代的舉高車(chē)在性能和安全上有較大的提高，這主要體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：(1)在公安消防上，提高救生和滅火能力。在 80 年代，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家通過(guò)改進(jìn)舉高消防車(chē)的臂架結(jié)構(gòu)和液壓系統(tǒng)，使其救人和滅火能力有了大幅度的提高。登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē)，70 年代的最大工作高度是 40m, 80 年代后期，芬蘭波浪濤公司又推出67.5m 的登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē)，而且這兩種車(chē)的登高平臺(tái)載重能力達(dá) 450 kg，顯著地提高了救生能力。(2)提高應(yīng)付不利環(huán)境的能力。在高層建筑火場(chǎng)上或在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)上，有時(shí)會(huì)遇到地面不平、場(chǎng)地狹窄等情況。如何在這些不利情況下使舉高車(chē)充分發(fā)揮救生和滅火能力或載人施工的能力，也是舉高車(chē)新技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)的主要方向之一。在這方面比較突出的日本森田泵公司，在新一代云梯消防車(chē)上采用了電子計(jì)算機(jī)調(diào)平技術(shù)。(3)提高安全性。如在 80 年代德國(guó)的馬基路斯、麥茨、森田和芬蘭的波浪濤公司等紛紛采用了靠電子計(jì)算機(jī)控制舉高消防車(chē)的支腿梯架的操作和顯示等技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)提高了云梯操作自動(dòng)化程度，從而避免了因操作人員的失誤而導(dǎo)致的危險(xiǎn)。1.2.2 高空作業(yè)車(chē)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀、差距與如何提高的方法國(guó)內(nèi)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)展剛剛起步，只有十幾年的發(fā)展歷史，雖然起步晚，由于高空作業(yè)機(jī)械制造企業(yè)的努力，已逐步走向穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展軌道。 [2][3]1.2.2.1 現(xiàn)狀從 80 年代開(kāi)始撫順起重機(jī)總廠、武漢起重機(jī)廠、四川度巖機(jī)械廠、長(zhǎng)江起重機(jī)有限責(zé)任公司、杭州園林機(jī)械廠、北京攀尼高空作業(yè)車(chē)有限公司、徐州重型機(jī)械廠等開(kāi)始著手研制高空作業(yè)車(chē)和登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē)，投放市場(chǎng)。撫順市起重機(jī)總}(cāng)一生產(chǎn)的 CDZ32 型登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē)已出口泰國(guó)。最近四川長(zhǎng)江起重機(jī)有限責(zé)任公司，研制的 QZC5120JGKS25 型高空作業(yè)車(chē)是最近向推向市場(chǎng)的一種新產(chǎn)品。該產(chǎn)品采用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)手段設(shè)計(jì)，填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi) 25m 伸縮臂式高空作業(yè)車(chē)的空白。1.2.2.2 差距盡管我國(guó)在高空作業(yè)車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)制造下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第 頁(yè)4上取得了一些成績(jī)，但是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)制造的高空作業(yè)機(jī)械同國(guó)外同類型高空作業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品相比仍有一定差距，主要表現(xiàn)為技術(shù)含量低、大型的較少、結(jié)構(gòu)笨重、作業(yè)時(shí)微動(dòng)性能差等問(wèn)題。在開(kāi)發(fā)研制過(guò)程中，應(yīng)采取有效措施、試驗(yàn)研究，逐項(xiàng)加以解決，以縮小差距。同時(shí)對(duì)目前存在的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵，有待于組織力量攻關(guān)解決，其關(guān)鍵是電液比例操縱、微動(dòng)性能問(wèn)題，支腿調(diào)平技術(shù)問(wèn)題，數(shù)顯微機(jī)自動(dòng)程序控制以及機(jī)電一體化問(wèn)題等。為了提高我國(guó)高空作業(yè)的生產(chǎn)水平，從目前的狀況來(lái)看應(yīng)首先從如下的幾個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行。1).解決工程汽車(chē)底盤(pán)問(wèn)題，這樣才可使高空作業(yè)車(chē)輕便、可靠，使用上既靈活又可承擔(dān)繁重的工作任務(wù)；2).提高液壓元件的制造質(zhì)量，這樣就可以提高使用壽命和可靠性，相應(yīng)的也就提高了高空作業(yè)車(chē)的質(zhì)量；3).改變高空作業(yè)車(chē)的生產(chǎn)方式，向規(guī)?；l(fā)展，這不但可保證質(zhì)量還可降低成 本；4).要擴(kuò)大新型高空作業(yè)車(chē)的使用范圍，可刺激本行業(yè)的發(fā)展，并投入力量加強(qiáng)對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)；5).應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代的設(shè)計(jì)方法和手段對(duì)現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行改造。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，國(guó)內(nèi)各企業(yè)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的總產(chǎn)量，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的需求，供需矛盾突出，其表現(xiàn)：船舶行業(yè)，當(dāng)前我國(guó)造船業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛，己逐步進(jìn)入了國(guó)際船舶市場(chǎng)。船舶產(chǎn)量從 80 年代初的 30 多萬(wàn)，提高到現(xiàn)在的 200 多萬(wàn)，約占世界船舶市場(chǎng)份額的6%。船舶的設(shè)計(jì)和建造，從建造萬(wàn)噸級(jí)散貨船開(kāi)始，發(fā)展到能建造六萬(wàn)噸級(jí)巴拿馬型船舶和十五萬(wàn)噸級(jí)大型油船。最近幾年，又開(kāi)始建造高速集裝箱船、成品油船、液化氣船和自卸式散貨船等技術(shù)難度大、附加值高的船舶。隨著船舶行業(yè)的發(fā)展，大型船舶增多，造船和修船中越來(lái)越多的需要高空作業(yè)，因此高空作業(yè)車(chē)的應(yīng)用也是與日增加 Usl。中國(guó)船舶系統(tǒng)，需要直臂式 16-25m 高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)大約80-100 臺(tái)左右。公安消防系統(tǒng)，隨著大中城市高層建筑增多，消防設(shè)施“滯后” ，登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē)己屬緊迫需要。下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙，Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第 頁(yè)5我國(guó)百萬(wàn)人口城市 30 個(gè)，以平均每個(gè)城市需要作業(yè)高度 30-50 m 大型登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē) 4 臺(tái)計(jì)算，需要量為 120 臺(tái)左右。全國(guó)幾十萬(wàn)人口以上的城市近 500 個(gè)，以平均每個(gè)城市擁有 1620 m 中型登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē) 2 臺(tái)計(jì)算，需要量為 1000 臺(tái)左右。全國(guó)大型油田、煉油廠、大型儲(chǔ)油庫(kù)系統(tǒng)，對(duì)大型登高平臺(tái)消防車(chē)的需要量約 70 臺(tái)左右。城鄉(xiāng)電業(yè)部門(mén)。電站、變電所、各種低壓輸電線路的