2019-2020年高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十 虛擬語氣教案.doc
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2019-2020年高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十 虛擬語氣教案一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“過去式(be動(dòng)詞的過去式用were)”,而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如:If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.(2)表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí),主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。如:If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the petition.(3)表示與將來事實(shí)相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形,而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用would / should/could might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如;If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.(4)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如:If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去,主句指的是現(xiàn)在)以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時(shí),主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式:條件狀語從句主 句與過去事實(shí)相反had + 過去分詞should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)(be用were)would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形Would/should/cold/might + 動(dòng)詞原形有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主語”。如:Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句(1)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用?!皐ish + 賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,譯為“要是就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí);表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形”;表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如:I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、mand、order等后的賓語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原形。如:She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.(2)虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如:His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.(3)虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。在主語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意:這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感,就可用虛擬語氣。反之,如果不表示驚奇等情感,that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如:It is pity that you cant swim.3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用(1)虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中,如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,用過去完成時(shí);指現(xiàn)在狀況,則用一般過去時(shí);指將來狀況則用過去將來時(shí)。如:He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.(2)虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。這種從句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(be用were)或should + 動(dòng)詞原形,意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該”。如:Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.(3)虛擬語氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如:If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.(4)虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運(yùn)用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉,常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如:Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you. 二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET 95)A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 解析:答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題,as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實(shí)一致,不用虛擬語氣,如果與事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中,鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷,與事實(shí)相反,前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因而本句是對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬,用were broken。2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)A. has e B. did e C. came D. had e解析:答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是:我在會(huì)議上沒看到你姐姐,故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反,前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)的虛擬,所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93) A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken解析:答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知,他事先并沒有得到警告,表示過去時(shí)間的虛擬語氣,故選B。4. Mr.White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving解析:答案為A。本題考虛擬語氣及責(zé)備的用法,全句意為:Mr.white 8:30(原本)應(yīng)該到會(huì)的,但他沒露面。全句談的是過去的事,故應(yīng)使用should have done結(jié)構(gòu),表原本該做而沒做的事。5.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You her last week.A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told解析:答案為D。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法,should(ought to)have done表示說話人對(duì)發(fā)生的事性“責(zé)備”故選D。6.Lets go and have a good drink tonight. Have you got the first prize in the petition?A. What for? B. Thanks a lot. C. Yes, Id like to. D. Why not?解析:答案為A??颊Z境及交際用語。前句建議:今晚咱們出去好好喝一頓吧。喝一頓應(yīng)有個(gè)來由和原因,且多是為了慶祝某事,所以后句問:為何事(慶祝)?你是不是在競賽中得了一等獎(jiǎng)?這樣才能表示后者驚訝、疑問和興奮,what for:為何而做某事?其余均不合語境。- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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