2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)解題策略 書(shū)面表達(dá).doc

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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)解題策略 書(shū)面表達(dá) 書(shū)面表達(dá)主要考查學(xué)生用文字表達(dá)思想感情，進(jìn)行交流的能力。其題型多樣，題材廣泛。近年來(lái)常采用話(huà)題作文的形式，包括提示作文和應(yīng)用兩大類(lèi)?？疾樾问蕉喾N多樣，根據(jù)題型可分為: 1.提示作文(提示作文又稱(chēng)材料作文，包括中英文提示、關(guān)鍵詞提示、要點(diǎn)提示等，有時(shí)給出一個(gè)標(biāo)題，有時(shí)無(wú)標(biāo)題，只規(guī)定一定的詞數(shù)，讓學(xué)生自行發(fā)揮);， 2.話(huà)題作文(話(huà)題作文，就是用一段提示語(yǔ)，限定寫(xiě)作范圍、啟發(fā)思考的一種命題形式。它一般由材料、提示語(yǔ)、話(huà)題、要求組成); 3.圖表作文(圖表作文一般是在表格中給出一定的內(nèi)容和情景，要求寫(xiě)一篇60一80詞的短文); 4.看圖作文(看圖作文要求學(xué)生根據(jù)圖畫(huà)，合理聯(lián)想，將其內(nèi)容正確表達(dá)出來(lái)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意圖畫(huà)中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、環(huán)境等)。根據(jù)體裁形式可分為: 記敘文，應(yīng)用文，說(shuō)明文，議論文等。 一、記敘文 【文體特征】 記敘文是以敘述和描寫(xiě)為主要表達(dá)方式，以寫(xiě)人、記小、狀物、繪景為主要內(nèi)容的文體。它又分為寫(xiě)人類(lèi)記敘文和敘事類(lèi)記敘文。寫(xiě)人類(lèi)記敘文: 通過(guò)刻畫(huà)人物性格，塑造人物形象， 反映生活，表現(xiàn)主題。敘事類(lèi)記敘文: 通過(guò)敘述事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果表現(xiàn)主題。 在記敘文中，記和敘都離不開(kāi)動(dòng)詞。所以動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)率最高，且富于變化。記敘文中用得最多的是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，這是英語(yǔ)記敘文區(qū)別于漢語(yǔ)記敘文的關(guān)鍵所在。英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的優(yōu)美之處就在于這些動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化。因此，多用動(dòng)詞，特別是動(dòng)態(tài)強(qiáng)的行為動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)記敘文的又一個(gè)明顯的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。 【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 敘事類(lèi)記敘文主要是敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，因此敘事類(lèi)記敘文以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主，各種時(shí)態(tài)為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)敘事類(lèi)記敘文的首要語(yǔ)言特征。寫(xiě)人類(lèi)記敘文如果是對(duì)人的性格、外貌等敘述常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如果通過(guò)事件來(lái)刻畫(huà)人物的性格，那么就要用過(guò)去時(shí)。寫(xiě)好記敘文要注意以下幾點(diǎn): 1.頭緒分明，脈絡(luò)清楚 寫(xiě)好記敘文，首先要頭緒分明，脈絡(luò)清楚，明確文章要求寫(xiě)什么。要對(duì)所寫(xiě)的事件或人物進(jìn)行分析，弄清事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展一直到結(jié)束的整個(gè)過(guò)程，然后再收集選取素材。這些素材都要圍繞五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”來(lái)展開(kāi)，分別是why, what, when, where, who及how。 2.突出中心，詳略得當(dāng) 在文章的框架確定后，對(duì)支持故事的素材的選取是很關(guān)鍵的。選材要注意取舍，應(yīng)該從表現(xiàn)文章主題的需要出發(fā)，分清主次，定好詳略。詳寫(xiě)細(xì)述那些能表現(xiàn)文章主題的重要情節(jié)，略寫(xiě)粗述那些非關(guān)鍵的次要情節(jié)。面面俱到反而會(huì)使情節(jié)羅列化，使人不得要領(lǐng)。這一點(diǎn)是寫(xiě)好記敘文要解決的一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題，也需要一定的技巧。 3.用活語(yǔ)言，準(zhǔn)確生動(dòng) 記敘文要用具體的事件和生動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言對(duì)人、事、物加以敘述。一篇好的記敘文的語(yǔ)言既要準(zhǔn)確、生動(dòng)，又要表現(xiàn)力強(qiáng)，這樣才能把人、事描寫(xiě)得具體生動(dòng)，其可讀性才強(qiáng)。 【寫(xiě)作模板】1.寫(xiě)人記敘文 (所寫(xiě)人的名字)is a_________ (身份).He/She is_________ (數(shù)字) years old. He/ She is from_________ (地點(diǎn))，and he/she is(性格和外貌). He/ She has many hobbies and interests. He/ She is good at ________ (擅長(zhǎng))__________ (科目、運(yùn)動(dòng)等，如果是動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞要 用ing形式).He/She is kind and friendly. He/ She always helps others in need. Everyone likes to make friends with him/her. 【中考真題】(河南中考) 每個(gè)人都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，都有與眾不同之處，人們喜歡你一定會(huì)有很多原因。請(qǐng)以“What makes me a good friend?”為題寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文。 要求: 1. 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，短文連貫通順; 2. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)； 3. 80詞左右 What makes me a good friend？ 【滿(mǎn)分作文】 I am a boy easy to get along with. I never get angry easily. Thats the most important reason that makes me so popular. I am always ready to help others. Whenever my friends meet with troubles, I will give them a hand without even a moments thought. Besides, Im quite humorous. I can always tell some jokes or funny stories to make my friends laugh. They say time spent with me is full of fun. lm honest. I never tell lies. So Im a friend worth trusting. 【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】 本文是一篇寫(xiě)人的記敘文，文章主要講述“我”的一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句子流暢，意思表達(dá)清楚。 【寫(xiě)作模板】2.寫(xiě)事記敘文 The__________ (事件)happened____________ (時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)), and I still remember the______ (事件). At that time, I was_________ (動(dòng)詞+ ing:做的事情). It was a sunny day and things were awfully_________ (形容詞) before it happened. Then__________ (事件)drew my attention. I saw________ (詳細(xì)說(shuō)明事件), and to my__________ (表達(dá)感受的名詞)，_______ (當(dāng)事人) was _________ (正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作). It did not last very long, but it impressed me so deeply that I would___________ (自己的感受). Whenever I look back on what happened that day, I think it is right to_______ (理應(yīng)采取的措施或態(tài)度一). Whats more, it is important for us to________ (理應(yīng)采取的措施或態(tài)度二). 【中考真題】(黃岡中考) 你準(zhǔn)備參加學(xué)?！坝⒄Z(yǔ)角“開(kāi)展的“用英語(yǔ)講故事活動(dòng)，你選取了“曹沖稱(chēng)象”這個(gè)大家熟悉的故事。 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)上圖內(nèi)容用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇80詞以上的小短文。 注意: 標(biāo)題、開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已在答題紙上給出，不計(jì)字?jǐn)?shù)。 How Cao Chong Had the Elephant Weighted Cao Cao was very glad to have received an elephant as a present.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Can Chong said to his father with kind of pride. 【滿(mǎn)分作文】 How Can Chong Had the Elephant Weighed Cao Cao was very glad to have received an elephant as a present. tic wanted to know how heavy the elephant was, but there was no scale (砰) big enough to weigh such a huge creature. One day，Cao Chong said to his father, "Ive found a way to weigh the elephant.” Can Chong asked a man to lead the elephant onto a boat. When the boat stopped sinking, the man draw a line along on the boat side. After the elephant was led away, Cao Chong had some men put stones into the boat until the water reached the line. Cao Chong asked the men to weigh each stone from the boat and put down the number. "Add up all the numbers and we will know the weight of the elephant. "Cao Chong said to his father with kind of pride. 【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】 本文是一篇敘事的記敘文，以流暢的語(yǔ)言講述了一大家所熟知的故事，時(shí)態(tài)以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主，符合敘事性記敘文的特征。 【寫(xiě)作模板】3.夾敘夾議記敘文 The____________ (事件) happened________(地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間). I saw_________(詳細(xì)描述事件), and to my_______________ (表達(dá)感受的名詞) , the(事情)has bee __________ (形容詞). I am __________ (心理感受類(lèi)的形容詞)that_______ (事情的后續(xù)進(jìn)展). I think that__________ (自己的觀點(diǎn)). If I/we do that, ______________ (名詞)will be better and better. 【中考真題】(矜西南州中考) 有一種節(jié)約叫光盤(pán)，有一種公益叫光盤(pán)！所謂光盤(pán)，就是吃光你盤(pán)子中的食物，拒絕浪費(fèi)，珍惜糧食！針對(duì)這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，并根據(jù)以下提示，請(qǐng)你以“No Wasting On Food，為題寫(xiě)一篇短文，號(hào)召大家參與這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。 要點(diǎn)提示: Reason : 1. a waste of food, money 2. pollute the environment ……. Suggestion 1. eat up all your food /clear your plate 2. leftovers(剩飯菜)… 3.order less or smaller dishes 注意：1. 短文必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮； 2. 語(yǔ)句流暢，書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范； 3. 詞數(shù)80-100詞； 4．文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)人名、地名等信息。 5. 開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)人總詞數(shù)。 No Wasting On Food Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Your Plate ” campaign(活動(dòng)) against wasting food by offering smaller dishes. __________________________________________________________________- __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 【滿(mǎn)分作文】 No Wasting on Food Recently, many restaurants in our country have joined Clearing Your Plate" campaign(活動(dòng)) against wasting food by offering smaller dishes. Many people around us also pay more attention to saving food in their daily life. A number of people have realized the importance of saving food. I believe it is meaningful for us to take an active part in this activity. It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little. And its not easy for farmers to produce the food for us. There are still too many poor people in the poor area in China, they dont have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the environment will be polluted by the wasted food. Also, eating too much is bad for our health. We should take action to support the campaign. What should we do in our daily life to waste less food? First, we should eat up all the food in our dishes and plates. Second, we may order less or smaller dishes in the restaurant. Third, we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later. In a word, l think it is our duty to refuse the waste of food 【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】 本文開(kāi)始主要講述更多人加人光盤(pán)行動(dòng)，并列舉 了節(jié)約粗食的好處，最后講述了我們?cè)撊绾蔚烂饫? 費(fèi)。本文解釋充分，層次分明，語(yǔ)句流楊，有很強(qiáng)的說(shuō) 服力。 二、應(yīng)用文