2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪選訓(xùn)習(xí)題 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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選修8　Unit 1　A land of diversity 一、閱讀理解 A ＂An apple a day keeps the doctor away＂ is a popular saying in the United States. It may be a mon saying, but it is not scientifically confirmed. However, a new study adds to evidence that suggests taking a small amount of aspirin can help keep the doctor away. Peter Elwood is with Cardiff University’s School of Medicine in Britain. Forty years ago, he was involved in the first study to explore the effects of aspirin on the prevention of heart disease. Elwood’s team examined 47 studies for evidence that aspirin helped cancer patients. They found there’s fairly consistent evidence of a 15 to 20 percent reduction in death and a reduction in cancer’s spread, by low dose(劑量) aspirin. By low dose, he means 81 milligrams. The study followed cancer patients for five years. Elwood says the evidence is strong that aspirin delays death among cancer patients. Elwood’s team are excited to have this evidence from the study. Elwood adds that it is not a cure but a small sign of better things to e, what he calls a little hope and encouragement. ＂If you asked me personally what I would do if doctors told me I had cancer, I would say I would have no hesitation in taking it. But I do not remend it to people. I want them to have the evidence and make their own decisions.＂ The only major risk is that aspirin can cause stomach bleeding. But Elwood says it usually does not cause death. He adds that the evidence points to big health benefits of taking a daily aspirin. So, for some people, the pros might overweigh the cons. 1. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1? A. Patients should eat apples. B. Apples are popular with Americans. C. Aspirin can be good for health. D. Doctors should use aspirin instead of apples. 2. What does Elwood suggest people do? A. The less aspirin, the better. B. Don’t delay in taking aspirin. C. Taking aspirin is a better way to cure cancer. D. Make decisions in the best interest of their own. 3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A. Aspirin is the best cure for cancer. B. Taking aspirin won’t kill in the long run. C. Taking aspirin does more good than harm. D. The side effect of taking aspirin is strong. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章介紹每天服用少量的阿司匹林對(duì)健康有好處，可以延緩癌癥病人的死亡。 2.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子＂Elwood＂可知，Elwood建議人們按照對(duì)自己有最大益 處的方式做決定。故選D。 3.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段介紹服用阿司匹林會(huì)導(dǎo)致胃部出血，但是結(jié)合句子＂He adds that the evidence points to big health benefits of taking a daily aspirin.＂每天服用一點(diǎn)阿司匹林對(duì)健康有很大好處， 可知，下文的the pros might overweigh the cons意為：服用阿司匹林的好處大于壞處，故選C。 B Since 1985, Johnny Jennings, 86, has been selling newspapers and magazines to a recycling center with his son. By the time Jennings only child was 17, he stopped joining his father. Even though his son is all grown up now, Jennings hasnt slowed down his efforts. In fact, he has turned his recycling money into something bigger. The Ringgold, Georgia native visits local churches and businesses to collect paper, which he brings to a recycling center for money. But instead of putting those earnings in his own bank account, he sends every dollar to Georgia Baptist Childrens Homes & Family Ministries. Once a year, hell give the organization a check somewhere between $10,000 and $35,000. By 2016, that tallied up to $400,000. These days, Jennings recycling has turned into a munity effort. After he has made his own rounds recycling paper from businesses and churches, hell find more items waiting for him at home. munity members drop off other recyclables at his house so he can sell them, along with books, food, clothes, and other items to give away. Recycling centers typically pay just onehalf to three cents per pound of paper, but Jennings visits have added up the big time. In 2016 alone, he sold more than 400,000 pounds of paper and 51,000 aluminum cans (鋁罐), and collected more than 32,000 pennies. Over the course of 32 years he has recycled more than 9.8 million pounds of paper, saving an estimated 79,000 trees in the process. Jennings says hell continue raising money for charity as long as his health allows. 【文章大意】　本章講述了樂(lè)于助人的Johnny Jennings常年回收廢舊物品資助慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的故事。 【難句分析】The Ringgold, Georgia native visits local churches and businesses to collect paper, which he brings to a recycling center for money.(第二段第一句) 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：這個(gè)佐治亞州Ringgold市的本地人去當(dāng)?shù)氐慕烫煤推髽I(yè)收集廢紙，帶到廢品回收中心換錢。 背景知識(shí)：佐治亞州(Georgia，簡(jiǎn)稱GA)，美國(guó)東南部7個(gè)州之一。北界田納西州和北卡羅來(lái)納州，南鄰佛羅里達(dá)州，東北與南卡羅來(lái)納州接壤，東南臨大西洋，西毗亞拉巴馬州，州府是亞特蘭大。 1．How old was Johnny Jennings when he started recycling? A．17. B．32. C．54. D．86 答案與解析：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Since 1985, Johnny Jennings, 86, has been selling newspapers and magazines to a recycling center with his son.”和第四段中的“Over the course of 32 years he has recycled”可知，Johnny Jennings開(kāi)始回收廢舊物品時(shí)應(yīng)該是54歲。 2．The underlined word “tallied” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”． A．a(chǎn)dded B．looked C．made D．mixed 答案與解析：A　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)該詞所在句及前一句“Once a year, hell give the organization a check somewhere between $10,000 and $35,000. By 2016, that tallied up to $400,000”中的數(shù)據(jù)可知，tallied意為：計(jì)算總數(shù)。所以A項(xiàng)正確。 3．What is munity members attitude towards Johnny Jennings? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Tolerant. D．Supportive. 答案與解析：D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“munity members drop off other recyclables at his house so he can sell them, along with books, food, clothes, and other items to give away.”可知，Johnny Jennings所在社區(qū)的成員們支持他回收廢舊物品資助慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的工作。 4．What makes Johnny Jennings special? A．His long life and hobby. B．His recycling work and donation. C．The pennies he collects. D．The amount of trees he plants. 答案與解析：B　考查推理判斷。文章講述Johnny Jennings常年回收廢舊物品資助慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的故事。所以是回收廢舊物品資助慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的故事讓Johnny Jennings與眾不同。 二、七選五 Listening to others requires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own，and yet so many of us dont listen properly as we should.__1__ It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it. Here are some ways to bee a better listener. __2__ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying，and you cant cut your friend off verbally carelessly.While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting. Nod to encourage the conversation along.A better option to let your friend know youre interested in what he says is just to nod along from time to time.Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say.__3__ Tune out background noise.If youre easily distracted by laughter，glasses clinking，children crying，you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend.__4__ Dont hesitate to tell them that the background noises are getting in the way.If you cant focus，try moving to another area. No texting or looking at your phone！__5__ For you see，when youre sitting in front of someone，he is the most important person in your world at that moment. A．Practice silence when someone else is talking. B．If necessary，ask your friend to repeat himself. C．Listening is more than just sitting silently while someone else talks. D．Whoever is calling or texting can wait until youre done with your conversation. E．Questions you raise must clearly be motivated by curiosity about the speakers views. F．In this case, try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed in what your friend is saying. G．Remembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and encourages your friend to continue. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何成為一位優(yōu)秀的傾聽(tīng)者。 難句分析：While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.(第三段最后一句) 譯文：雖然或許你打算幫助讓談話繼續(xù)，但是你的朋友也許會(huì)感覺(jué)好像他所說(shuō)的要不斷地被討論或者聽(tīng)起來(lái)根本是無(wú)趣的。 詞匯積累：verbally adv.口頭上　option n．選擇　distract v．使分心 1．C　根據(jù)下一句“It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.”可知，C項(xiàng)“傾聽(tīng)不僅僅是別人講話時(shí)安靜地坐在那里”與下文聯(lián)系密切，且C項(xiàng)中的“Listening”與下一句中的“It”相照應(yīng)。故選C。 2．A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要說(shuō)明在別人講話時(shí)，不要打擾對(duì)方。A項(xiàng)“在別人講話時(shí)，練習(xí)沉默”能夠引起下文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 3．F　本段主要講述了在別人講話時(shí)，你應(yīng)不時(shí)地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，讓你的朋友知道你對(duì)他所說(shuō)的感興趣。所以當(dāng)你有時(shí)點(diǎn)頭卻心不在焉時(shí)，要趕快把注意力轉(zhuǎn)回到你朋友所說(shuō)的話中。故選F。 4．B　下文提到，要毫不猶豫地告訴你的朋友噪音妨礙了你，由此推斷出空格處應(yīng)指如果受到了噪音的妨礙，可以請(qǐng)求朋友重復(fù)一遍。故選B。 5．D　根據(jù)“No texting or looking at your phone！”可知，D項(xiàng)“無(wú)論誰(shuí)的電話或者短信都可以等到你的談話結(jié)束再回復(fù)”符合本段內(nèi)容。故選D。 三、短文改錯(cuò) Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready give a helping hand to others，but he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood. He often teaches us how to write stories and encourages me about his own experience.He told to me he was born in a poor family.As a little boy，he has a dream to bee a famous writer.He worked hardly and overcame thousands of difficulty.Finally，he entered a university in that he wrote many story books.Up till now，aging only forty，he has been very famous around the country. 【答案】 Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready give a helping hand to others， he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood. He often teaches how to write stories and encourages me his own experience.He told me he was born in a poor family.As a little boy，he a dream to bee a famous writer.He worked and overcame thousands of .Finally，he entered a university in he wrote many story books.Up till now， only forty，he has been very famous around the country. 第一處：ready后加to。考查動(dòng)詞不定式。be ready to do sth.為固定用法，意為“準(zhǔn)備好做某事；樂(lè)于做某事”。 第二處：but改為and/so?？疾檫B詞。Mike樂(lè)于助人，因此他在社區(qū)很受歡迎。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用and/so連接兩個(gè)并列分句。 第三處：us改為me?？疾榇~。第二段談及的都是Mike與作者本人之間的事，所以u(píng)s改為me。 第四處：about改為with?？疾榻樵~。Mike用他自己的經(jīng)歷鼓勵(lì)作者。with在此意為“以，使用”。 第五處：刪除to?？疾榻樵~。tell sb.sth.為固定用法，意為“告訴某人某事”。 第六處：has改為had?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的As a little boy可知，此處敘述的是過(guò)去的事，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第七處：hardly改為hard?？疾楦痹~。Mike學(xué)習(xí)努力，克服了很多困難。hard“努力地”，符合語(yǔ)境。hardly意為“幾乎不”。 第八處：difficulty改為difficulties?？疾槊~的數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的thousands of可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第九處：that改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為university，關(guān)系詞作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，所以用“in which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 第十處：aging改為aged?？疾樾稳菰~。aged為形容詞，意為“……歲”，符合語(yǔ)境。 四、語(yǔ)法填空 Anyone who has had a longterm disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely.This can be __1__ (especial) true of children.They may feel __2__ (leave) out.Now, these children may have a hightech friend to help feel less alone.A small robot may help children who are recovering from longterm __3__ (ill)．The robot like human beings takes their place at school.And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks. Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends.He or she can also attend class from wherever they are recovering — whether at home __4__ from a hospital bed.Dolva, one of the scientists who __5__ (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains __6__ the robot AV1 works.She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot.__7__ (use) the same device, he or she can control the robot’s movements.Inside the robot, there is a small puter linked __8__ a 4G network.The robot is __9__ (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes municating __10__ (easy)．So it’s the eyes and the ears and the voices at school.Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：病人由于長(zhǎng)期患病在家，可能會(huì)感覺(jué)很孤獨(dú)，對(duì)于孩子更是如此。本文介紹了一種機(jī)器人，可以幫助患病的孩子減少孤獨(dú)感。 1．especially　設(shè)空處修飾形容詞true，要用副詞，故填especially。 2．left　feel作連系動(dòng)詞，leave out表示“遺漏；忽略”，與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞形式作表語(yǔ)。故填left。 3．illness(es)　longterm為形容詞，意為“長(zhǎng)期的”，后應(yīng)接名詞。故填illness(es)。 4．or　根據(jù)句中的whether可知應(yīng)填or，whether ...or ...為固定搭配，意為“無(wú)論……還是……”。 5．a(chǎn)re　句意：多爾瓦作為潛心研究機(jī)器人的科學(xué)家之一，解釋了機(jī)器人AV1是如何工作的。本句中，who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為scientists，故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；全文主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are。 6．how　句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作explains的賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，表示“方式”，故用how引導(dǎo)該從句。 7．Using　句中已有謂語(yǔ)can control，因此，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；use與其邏輯主語(yǔ)he or she之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。故填Using。 8．to/with　be linked to/with ...為固定搭配，意為“與……連接”。故填to/with。 9．equipped　be equipped with ...為固定搭配，意為“裝配有……”。故填equipped。 10．easier　設(shè)空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作makes的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而且本句暗含比較意義，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填easier。