江蘇專用2020版高考英語(yǔ)新增分大一輪復(fù)習(xí)漸進(jìn)寫(xiě)作全輯StepOne第6講言簡(jiǎn)意賅的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講義牛津譯林版.doc

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第6講 言簡(jiǎn)意賅的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 在寫(xiě)作中，如果出現(xiàn)太多的簡(jiǎn)單句，會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得單調(diào)乏味，水平不高；而如果出現(xiàn)太多的復(fù)合句會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得讀起來(lái)費(fèi)勁。所以適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂梅侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，不但顯得句式豐富，而且提升了文章的檔次。 一、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句 運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句可采用“三步法”。 第一步：寫(xiě)出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。 (1)I felt quite sorry for that. (2)I began to think about what to do to help. 第二步：根據(jù)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的意思找出兩個(gè)句子的對(duì)接點(diǎn)，讓一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句作為主句，另一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。 讓句(2)作為主句，用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)句(1)。 第三步：根據(jù)主句主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 主句的主語(yǔ)是I，與動(dòng)詞felt之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 Feeling quite sorry for that，I began to think about what to do to help. 即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1　用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句 1.Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.It led to a slower growth. (2017江蘇) →Consequently，someviewersbegantoturnawayfromcinemas，leadingtoaslowergrowth. 2.The exhibition will be held in the City Museum.It is located in the north of our city. (2017全國(guó)Ⅱ) →TheexhibitionwillbeheldintheCityMuseum，locatedinthenorthofourcity. 3.We’ll have a big feast together.We gather around the table and pray for next year’s good luck. →We’llhaveabigfeasttogether，gatheringaroundthetableandprayingfornextyear’sgood luck. 二、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句 相對(duì)于用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句，轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句要簡(jiǎn)單一些，只需要兩步。因?yàn)樾枰D(zhuǎn)換的一般是從句部分，只需根據(jù)主句的主語(yǔ)和從句動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系判斷用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，再確定好時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)就可以了。 第一步：寫(xiě)出復(fù)合句 Since you have realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，you與realize之間為主謂關(guān)系，且表示完成，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)。 Having realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2　用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句 1.We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to select books. →Tohavemoretimetoselectbooks，wecansetoutearly. 2.John was absorbed in painting，so he didn’t notice evening approaching. →Absorbedinpainting，Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching. 3.When I saw a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back. →Seeingacarrunningtowardsher，Ireachedmyhandoutandpulledherback. 三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常用句型 1.remain to be done有待于被…… It remains to be seen whether this plan will benefit the students or not. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否對(duì)學(xué)生們有好處，還需要拭目以待。 2.疑問(wèn)詞＋to do To all of you，fresh students，how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.對(duì)你們所有新生來(lái)說(shuō)，如何使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是必須要面對(duì)的首要問(wèn)題。 3.be easy/difficult...to do...做……容易/困難…… I hear that our new teacher is easy to get along with. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)我們的新老師很容易相處。 4.prefer to do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...寧愿做……，而不愿做…… Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.如今，一些青少年寧愿在網(wǎng)上與陌生人閑談，也不愿與父母面對(duì)面談話。 5.連詞when/while/once/unless/although...＋doing/done While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artists’ works. 參觀藝術(shù)展時(shí)，我們討論了偉大的藝術(shù)家的作品。(2016天津) 6.having done...已經(jīng)…… Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. 幾乎把所有的錢(qián)都花完了，我們沒(méi)有錢(qián)住賓館了。 7.by doing...通過(guò)做…… Moreover，by doing the part-time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society. 而且，通過(guò)做兼職工作，我能獲得一些寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以便能更好地適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展和變化。 8.only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的結(jié)果) They hurried to the classroom，only to find that all the students had left. 他們匆忙趕到教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)所有學(xué)生都離開(kāi)了。 9.judging by/from...根據(jù)……判斷 Judging from what he said，we could tell that he was not an honest man. 根據(jù)他說(shuō)的話，我們可以判斷他不是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。 10.pared with/to...與……比較 There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory pared with children who have no musical training. 有明顯的證據(jù)表明，與那些沒(méi)受過(guò)音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的孩子相比，上音樂(lè)課的孩子有更好的記憶力。 11.be said/reported/considered...to do...據(jù)說(shuō)/報(bào)道/認(rèn)為…… Their class is said to have been chosen to take part in the ing ceremony. 據(jù)說(shuō)他們班已經(jīng)被選中參加即將到來(lái)的典禮。 12.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用 Much time spent sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 坐辦公室的人花大量時(shí)間坐在桌旁，常被健康問(wèn)題所困擾。 13.with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) Our Chinese teacher came into the classroom，with some books in her hand. 我們的語(yǔ)文老師進(jìn)了教室，手里拿著一些書(shū)。 即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3　用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完成句子 1.與傳統(tǒng)的相比，它們有三個(gè)新的獨(dú)特功能。 paredto/withthetraditionalones，they have three new unique functions. 2.完成了她的項(xiàng)目后，她應(yīng)學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)給新生演講。 Havingfinishedherproject，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 3.他上課專心聽(tīng)講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。 He was listening attentively in class，withhiseyesfixedontheblackboard. 四、在寫(xiě)作中使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤 1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞誤用 2.“be＋adj.＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用 3.邏輯主語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng) 4.不定式符號(hào)to使用不當(dāng) 綜合演練 Ⅰ.用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完成句子 1.我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)到這里來(lái)發(fā)言。 I think it a great honor tobeinvited here to speak. 2.飯菜上來(lái)后，先讓長(zhǎng)輩品嘗，因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)長(zhǎng)者很受尊重。(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ) The seniors are usually the first totaste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China. 3.得知我們圖書(shū)館要買(mǎi)書(shū)，我想給一些建議。 Knowingthat our library is going to buy books，I’d like to give some suggestions. 4.我們坐在一起吃月餅和水果，分享我們的故事。 We sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit，sharingourstories. 5.這部電影將在星期天下午放映，從4點(diǎn)到6點(diǎn)持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ) The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon，lasting2hours，from 4:00 to 6:00. 6.坦率地講，在不同文化里拿學(xué)位，絕不是一件容易的事。(2018北京) To be frank，studyingforadegree in a different culture is never easy. 7.這所大學(xué)因?qū)榱魧W(xué)生設(shè)置的語(yǔ)言與文化課程而著名。(2018北京) The university is known for its language and culture courses intendedforinternationalstudents. 8.班長(zhǎng)生病了，我們最好還是延期開(kāi)會(huì)吧。 Themonitorbeingill，we’d better put the meeting off. Ⅱ.根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)一篇短文，盡可能多地使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 假定你叫李華，是英才中學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)主席，你校將接待一批來(lái)自英國(guó)的學(xué)生到你校學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。Mike發(fā)郵件詢問(wèn)你校的基本情況，請(qǐng)你給Mike回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下： 1.學(xué)校介紹； 2.師資情況； 3.學(xué)生情況。 參考范文 Dear Mike， I’m Li Hua，the Chairman of the Students’ Union of Yingcai Middle School.Wele to our school to learn Chinese.Let me tell you something about our school briefly. Our school，a key middle school with a history of more than 100 years，is located in a famous historical and cultural town.Consisting of two campuses，this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.The beautiful school，well-known for its excellent teachers，is also well equipped with modern facilities.With talented graduates entering famous universities every year，the school enjoys a good reputation.Wish you an enjoyable trip here! Looking forward to your ing! Yours sincerely， Li Hua