共 5 頁 第 0 頁外 文 翻 譯共 5 頁 第 1 頁譯文標(biāo)題 電動汽車發(fā)展：過去、現(xiàn)在與未來原文標(biāo)題 Electric Vehicle Development: The Past, Present Gasoline vehicle took over as the leader and surpass electric vehicle both in performance and cost. Infrastructure improvement and demand of inter-city travel required a longer travel distance that was never able to exploit by electric vehicle before. Lacking of charge infrastructure development, reliable electricity transmission and limited travel distance, electric vehicle no longer suited for consumer demand and lost the edge to regular gasoline vehicle. Limited or no electrical infrastructure support forced the resignation and abundance of earlier electric vehicle.Widely discovery of gasoline in the sate and ready availability of cheap fuel also contributed the spread of gasoline vehicle. Petrol in the 1930s provided a direct cheap source of energy for vehicle transportation. It could be carried around by container which enabled and extended the mobility of owning a vehicle.B. Midterm development (1930s-1980s)Electric vehicle production and development came to a halt as personal transportation after combustion engine took over in 1935. Political sensitivity with OPEC created a necessity of energy independence during the 1960s and 1970s. U.S Government and environmentalist reintroduced tougher fuel efficient standard for the industry and ignited a board interest in electric vehicle in the period. Energy crisis in early 70s driven the US postal service placed a large order of 350 EV test fleet. It is the highest node of midterm development. However, partly due to limited performance, other governmental priorities, lack of board infrastructure support and range of corporation participation, the development quiet down quickly during this period.C. Modern DevelopmentModern EV development was dominated by EV1 who produced by GM for fleet application. Following a program funded by Department of Energy, Ford developed EV Ranger pick up truck, Toyota provided Rav4 EV and Honda had an EV available as well during late 1990s and early 2000s. Unfortunately, this short surge of EV availability did not realized into commercial production because of a complicated issue of politics, economic, education and technology that includes vehicle production cost and safety concerns. EV1, Ranger, Rav4 and Honda EV were intended for fleet test only, almost all the vehicles has been discontinued, destroyed and recycled. Only a handful of electric 共 5 頁 第 7 頁vehicles were survived under the hands of EV enthusiasts.D. Modern HEV developmentHowever, in 1999 and early 2000s, a new type of electric vehicle emerged from pure electric vehicle. Honda introduced the first HEV, Honda Insight, to the US Market that brought another milestone in auto industry. With brisk market acceptance and success of the Prius, HEV technology shows it maturity and potential. Ford introduced the first American hybrid electric vehicle, Escape SUV HEV, during the ‘Manhattan on a Tank’ event and registered 600 miles/tank in congestive city traffic that opened a new era of competition in US among HEVs. By year of 2008, the HEV sales were more than 2.5% for total sales volume. In deep, the next generation of HEV from Toyota, Honda and Ford has introduced into 2009 with further refinement along updated technology. Fuel efficiency has improved as well.Toyota is the clear leader in the HEV arena base on volume and range of models with it “synergy drive system”. Honda and Ford are right behind with their offering in full hybrids. GM offers its “two mode” technology in hybrid passenger cars and trucks as well.E. Future DevelopmentAs gasoline price rise rapidly, combined with environmental concern, the society renews the call for social responsibility. Electric Vehicle and other AFV suddenly becomes popular again.With announcement of the Chevy Volt plug-in concept couple years ago and pure electric vehicle from Nissan, a new round of EV development has resurrected into OEM’s cycle plan in the up coming years. The fruit of this EV trend will be seen in the next three years.Comparing to previous electric vehicle development, there are a few factors that will ensure this initiation be successful in the future:Vehicle operators are the direct target customers of developing EV. Market driven approach always creates competitive and attractive products at reasonable cost and performance.Early technology and environmental adopter will the initial leaders and users. They are willing to support and has the capability to influence the success. Also various education programs and EV initiatives transform general understanding of fuel efficient vehicles and their benefits. Warm acceptance of electric vehicle is high in the coming years.Cooperation in charge station and infrastructure development has gained attention at different level. Various business models are being explored. The industry and government are confident that final plan will reach prior to the mass launch of electric vehicle.Energy storage technology improvement makes lithium battery application became safe in vehicle. Sophistication of system management upgrades and improves electric vehicle to a comparable level of combustion engine. Lastly, proper government policy provides a development foundation for the industry. Special tax incentives and subsidy will offset consumer burden for purchasing electric vehicle. It is a confident vote for the product when government is willing to provide financial and strategic support.III. CONCLUSIONLike many emerging technology, electric vehicle development and application have been around for a long time, but until recently, the technology has not really taken off. 共 5 頁 第 8 頁Even though HEV started as a good alternative to gasoline vehicle and well publicized by the media, but it only represented as the intermediate step or near term solution. Government regulation and environmental prospect, in particular will drive the adoption of transportation electrification. Electric vehicle will be the final goal. In fact, as OEM introduce more EV model to the end consumer by 2012, the presents of electric vehicle will be widely seen and recognized. Along with new electric vehicle development on the way, it will also introduce tremendous opportunity in associated technology especially in Power electronics. We shall utilize this opportunity and contribute to the green trend.共 5 頁 第 9 頁指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評 語外文翻譯成績：指導(dǎo)教師簽字：年 月 日注：1. 指導(dǎo)教師對譯文進行評閱時應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面：①翻譯的外文文獻與畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的參考文獻；②翻譯的外文文獻字數(shù)共 5 頁 第 10 頁是否達到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000 字以上） ；③譯文語言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價值。2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。