2019-2020年人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修2《Unit3Computer》全單元全英文教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)附教學(xué)資源單詞表.doc

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1 2019-2020年人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修2《Unit3puter》全單元全英文教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)附教學(xué)資源單詞表 Part One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)) Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (WHO AM I?) Aims 2 To talk about puter 3 To read about puter Procedures 4 I. Warming up Warming up by talking about puter Look at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they have in mon? Yes, they are puters. Then what is a puter? A puter is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory and does calculations on that knowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A puter usually has a monitor to show results. However, some puters can speak; these puters can be used for voice mail. 計(jì)算機(jī)室 A puter frequently requires a boot device. The boot device contains the puter’s operating system and data. puter programs can be installed onto a puter. Some people think that puters are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. They think this because the Internet allows the puters to send and receive data and email across the world. 曙光3000巨型計(jì)算機(jī) A puter is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic; these materials will bee toxic waste when disposed of. When a new puter is purchased in some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship. In some countries old puters are recycled (melted down) to get gold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedure releases the toxic waste into the water and soil. puters bee obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace them within two or three years. This makes the problem worse. puter recycling is thus mon. Many projects try to send working puters to developing nations so they can be re-used and will not bee waste as quickly. puter jargon 計(jì)算機(jī)行話 puter jargon means words to do with puters and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help you know more about puters. Some people use these words to impress other people (Also known as buzzwords). Examples of jargon: Bit - The smallest data unit, can either be a “0.” or a “1.”. Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Nibble CPU –Central Processing Unit, Another name for processor Data - Information stored on a puter Disk - A place to store data. Email - Electronic mail. GHz - Gigahertz. Used often incorrectly to describe the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4 GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick. Load - Get data from a disk Nibble - Half a Byte Save - Put data on a disk RAM – random-access memory(隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器), the more the better. USB - Universal Serial Bus（通用串行總線，一種簡(jiǎn)化了插接多種附件的薄型插座） - World Wide Web, part of the Internet II. Pre-reading 1. Questioning and answeringWhat do you know about puter? ●Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored set of instructions. The machine itself is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, puters are called mainframes, miniputers, and microputers. Microputers include desk-top and portable personal puters. ●A multi-function electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task. ●A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A puter usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output. ●a programmable hardware ponent that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substantial putations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A puter typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices. ●Related to automation and electronic data processing. The Library of Congress monly classes most puter-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges. ●a machine for performing calculations automatically calculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines) ●A puter is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. puters are constructed from ponents that perform simple well-defined functions. The plex interactions of these ponents endow puters with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (usually by, programming) a puter can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a puter configured in this way is give 2. Discussing and sharingHow have puters changed our lives? Someday soon, if you haven’t already, you’re likely to plug into the puter network nation growing in our midst. puter terminals, or small puters connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding puter chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. They’re a much more useful and humane tool than the phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks will be everywhere----changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile. Joining a puter network is the same as joining a munity. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally weled. The larger networks, the Source and puServe, for example, are cities-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into. III. Reading 1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronunciation and intonation of the native reader. 2. Reading aloud and underlining expressions Now we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework. Collocations from WHO AM I? begin as…, a calculating machine, be built as…, follow instructions from…, sound simple, at the time, a technological revolution, write a book, make…work, solve problems, bee huge, had artificial intelligence, go back to…, the size of…, go by, change size, bee small and thin, get quick, stand there by oneself, be connected by…, share information by…, talk to…, bring…into…, deal with…, municate with…, serve the human race 3. Reading, identifying and settling Attention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. You may also put your questions to me for help. Chat （online）（在線）聊天 To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room or messaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, or MSN Messenger. 4. Reading and transferring Scan the text for information to plete the table below, describing the development of puter. In 1642 In 1822 In 1936 In 1960s In 1970s IV. Closing down by doing prehending exercises Turn to page 18 and in pairs do the prehending exercises No. 1 and 2. Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (The Present Perfect Passive Voice) 5 Aims To learn to useThe Present Perfect Passive Voice To discover useful words and expression To discover useful structures 6 Procedures 7 I. Warming up by reading to the tape To begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronunciation of the reader. 8 II. Discovering useful words and expressions In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 19 and 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes. III. Learning about grammar 1. Passive Voice—Overview Tense or Model Passive Sentence Simple Present The TOEFL exam is given every six months. Simple past The TOEFL exam was given last month. Simple Future The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15. Present Continuous The TOEFL exam is being given every year. Present perfect The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950. Past perfect The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred. Simple Modal The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student. Past Modal The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges. 2. The Present Perfect Passive Voice The structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has ＋ been＋~ed IV. Reading aloud and discovering Now go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passive Voice. As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller. Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information with each other around the world by the Internet. V. Discovering useful structure We shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 20. VI. Closing down by doing a quiz Correct the mistakes in these passive voice sentences Example: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.) 1. 3000 employees were laying off. 2. A story will made up. 3. An idea was putted forward for discussion. 4. Has the book been give back to you yet? 5. My bank loan will be payed off in five years time. 6. Nothing can be hold against me. 7. Our allies will be lend support. 8. She has never heard of. 9. She was being knocked down by a bus. 10. She was letted off with a fine. 11. The candle was blow out by the draught. 12. The criminal were locked up. 13. The flood water was be kept back by barriers. 14. The inconvenience will made up for by this money. 15. The keys must have been being left behind. 16. The old cinema is being pull down. 17. The protesters being held back by the police. 18. The road was blocking off. 19. Thirty more people were laid off last week. 20. Your jacket can be hanged up over there. Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language (ANDY— THE ANDROID) 9 Aims To discuss about IT To write a report about IT To read about androids or robots 10 Procedures 11 I. Warming up by talking about IT What is Information technology? Information technology (IT) or information and munication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic puters and puter software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. 12 II. Listening and writing Turn to page 21. Look at the pictures and listen to a conversation about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind. III. Speaking and writing Suppose you and your partner are going to help choose puters for your school. Now talk about the special things each of the puter can do and write a report to your headmaster. IV. Reading, underlining and speaking It is said that puters could be put into androids or robots. Read the text Andy—The Android, underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have! Expressions from Andy—The Android part of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be as…as…, in fat, look like…, on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to…, in puter language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improve one’s intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, program…with…, make up…, after all, with the help of… V. Writing a letter Suppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy. Android An android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. The word derives from Greek Andr- ‘man, human’ and the suffix -eides used to mean ‘of the species, kind, alike’ (from eidos ‘species’). The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a male human and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not monly used. Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-made, autonomous creations: a robot that closely resembles a human a cyborg that closely resembles a human an artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a human Although essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence). The term android was first used by the French author Mathias Villiers de lIsle-Adam (1838-1889) in his work Tomorrow’s Eve, featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said by the officer in the story, “In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls.” Part Two: Teaching Resources (第二部分：教學(xué)資源) Section 1: A text structure analysis of WHO AM I? I. Type of writing and summary of WHO AM I? Type of writing This is a piece of narrative writing. Main idea of the passage Beginning as just a calculating machine in 1642 in France, the puter has been experiencing improvement again and over again over 300years or more, which has not only made it more beautiful and intelligent but also changed man’s life a great deal! Topic sentence of 1st paragraph I began as a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Topic sentence of 2nd paragraph No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1960s. II. A chain of events showing the development of puter a calculating machine in 1642 in France → an Analytical Machine in 1822 → a “universal machine.” in 1936 → the size of a large room → made smaller and smaller → getting new transistors in 1960s→ clever and quicker → a network in the early 1960s → talking to humans using BASIC in the early 1960s → brought into people’s homes in 1970s → Internet III. A retold version of the text WHO AM I? I, the puter, was a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Then I was built as an Analytical Machine in 1822, which was a technological revolution. I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to solve any mathematical problem. I was not very big at first then I became huge, the size of a large room before I was made smaller and smaller. Getting new transistors in 1960s I became clever and quicker. I was connected with other puters and turned out to part of a network in the early 1960s. Then I began talking to humans using BASIC in the early 1960s. In 1970s I was brought into people’s homes, and came the Internet. Section 2: Background information puters 13 I. How Do puters Work? puter Basics To acplish a task using a puter, you need a bination of hardware, software, and input. Hardware consists of devices, like the puter itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse and speakers. Inside your puter there are more bits of hardware, including the motherboard, where you would find the main processing chips that make up the central processing unit (CPU). The hardware processes the mands it receives from the software, and performs tasks or calculations. Software is the name given to the programs that you install on the puter to perform certain types of activities. There is operating system software, such as the Apple OS for a Macintosh, or Windows 95 or Windows 98 for a PC. There is also application software, like the games we play or the tools we use to pose letters or do math problems. You provide the input. When you type a mand or click on an icon, you are telling the puter what to do. That is called input. How They Work Together First, you provide input when you turn on the puter. Then the system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs and to turn on some hardware devices so that they are ready for more input from you. This whole process is called booting up. The next step happens when you choose a program you want to use. You click on the icon or enter a mand to start the program. Let’s use the example of an Internet browser. Once the program has started, it is ready for your instructions. You either enter an address (called a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address you’ve saved already. In either case, the puter now knows what you want it to do. The browser software then goes out to find that address, starting up other hardware devices, such as a modem, when it needs them. If it is able to find the correct address, the browser will then tell your puter to send the information from the web page over the phone wire or cable to your puter. Eventually, you see the web site you were looking for. If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the printer icon. Again, you have provided input to tell the puter what to do. The browser software determines whether you have a printer attached to your puter, and whether it is turned on. It may remind you to turn on the printer, then send the information about the web page from your puter over the cable to the printer, where it is printed out. II. Television Old portable television A television (also TV or telly) is a device (tool) with a screen that receives broadcast signals and turns them into pictures and sound. The word “television” es from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (seeing). Usually a TV looks like a box. Older TVs had large wooden frames and sat on the floor like furniture. Newer TVs became smaller so they could fit on shelves, or even portable so you could take it with you wherever you went. The smallest TVs can fit in your hand. The largest TVs can take up a whole wall in your house, and may sit on the floor, or be just a large flat screen that can be mounted on the wall. Many TVs are now made in wide screen shape like movie theatre screens, rather than old, more square TVs. A television has an antenna (or aerial), or it has a cable. This gets the signal from the air, or cable provider. TVs can also show movies from DVD players or VCRs. TVs can be connected to puters and game consoles, usually through a kind of socket called “SCART”. III. Web or World Wide Web The World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that contains web sites and web pages. It is not used to describe WebPages that are used offline where net services are not available, or no puter network exists - such as Wikipedia on CD. In this case no real physical site exists other than the place where the puter is. Blog and Wiki capabilities will also not be available because these require a munication with other puters. IV. Radio Radio is a munications invention. Though originally used to municate between two people, it is now used to listen to music, news, and people talking. Radio shows were the predecessor to TV programs. V. DVD DVD most monly stands for “digital versatile disk”. It can play video that is of a higher quality than a VHS tape. VI. Two kinds of DVD They can also hold 4.7 GB of information as opposed to the 700 MB that a CD can hold. A plus of using a DVD for a video is the ability to have interactive menus and bonus features such as deleted scenes and mentaries. VII. Email Email (electronic mail) is a message, usually text, sent from one Internet user to another. Email i