2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 5 The power of nature（含解析）新人教版選修6.doc

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Unit 5　The power of nature 【短文語法填空】 3-D printers 1.　　　　　　　　　(be) around us for some time.There is a lot you can do and imagine with a 3-D printer.Now add “building a house in a day” 2.　　　　　　 the list. A pany in China has 3.　　　　　　　(recent) used 3-D printers to make ten full-size houses in just 24 hours.And each of the houses covers an area of 200 square meters.These houses are printed with special “ink”4. has been made from industrial construction waste.The using of cheap material makes 5.　　　　　　 possible to print each house under $5,000.The CEO of the pany says,“They are both environmentally 6.　　　　　　　(friend) and cost-effective.”He plans to set up 100 recycling factories across China and continue 7.　　　　　　　(change) waste into cost-effective “ink” for 3-D printers.He also hopes his printers can be used to build tall 8.(build).However,at present,multi-storey 3-D printed buildings are not allowed in China.So it’s impossible that the 3-D printing technology will be 9.　　　　　　(wide) used to build homes any time soon.Maybe there is still 10.　　　　　　 long way to go. 答案 1.have been　2.to　3.recently　4.that/which　5.it 6.friendly　7.changing/to change　8.buildings　9.widely 10.a (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P153) 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①__alongside__ adv.在旁邊；沿著邊prep.在……旁邊；沿著……的邊 ②__potential__ n．潛在性；可能性；潛能 adj.可能的；潛在的 ③__shoot__ vt.射中；射傷 ④__guarantee__ vt.保證；擔(dān)保 ⑤appoint vt.任命；委派 __appointment__ n．約定；任命 ⑥suit n．一套外衣；套裝 vt.適合；使適宜 __suitable__ adj.合適的 ⑦actual adj.實(shí)在的；實(shí)際的 __actually__ adv.實(shí)際地 ⑧anxious adj.憂慮的；不安的 __anxiously__ adv.不安地 __anxiety__ n．擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望 ⑨panic vi.& vt.驚慌 n．驚慌；恐慌 __panicked__ (過去式/過去分詞) ⑩absolute adj.絕對(duì)的；完全的 __absolutely__ adv.絕對(duì)地；完全地 2．?？荚~匯 ①equipment n．__設(shè)備；裝備__ equip vt.__裝備；裝配__ ②evaluate vt.__評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)；估計(jì)__ evaluation n．__評(píng)估__ ③candidate n．__候選人；候補(bǔ)者_(dá)_ ④precious adj.__貴重的；珍貴的__ ⑤diverse adj.__多種多樣的；不同的__ ⑥appreciation n．__欣賞；感激；感謝__ appreciate vt.__欣賞；感激__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Why was The Last Picture Show put on? The theater owner found it __suitable__ (suit)．(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 2．Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all __appreciate__ (appreciation) beauty, that we all share a mon desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.(2017天津卷) 3．But pensating on the weekends __actually__ (actual) feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 4．In total,25% of India’s workingage population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the country’s __potential__ (potential) work force could be totally uneducated.(2017江蘇卷) 5．When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are __more__(many) precious to her than mountains of gold.(2017浙江卷) 6．Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course，with 10 additional lessons per week，__guaranteeing__ (guarantee) the fastest possible language learning.(2016天津卷) 7．__Anxious__ (anxiety) all the time，I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.(2016北京卷) 8．I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our munication and the __various__ (vary) activities.(2016天津卷) ?“驚慌，恐慌”家族 ①panic vi.& vt.驚慌 n．驚慌；恐慌 ②alarm vt.使驚慌 n．驚恐，警報(bào)，警報(bào)器 ③scare v．使驚恐，受驚嚇，n.驚恐，驚嚇 ④frighten vt.& vi.(使)驚恐 ⑤terrify vt.使恐怖，使驚嚇，恐嚇 ?后綴ty構(gòu)成的抽象名詞集錦 ①anxiety 擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望 ②variety 品種，種類 ③society 社會(huì) ④safety 安全 ⑤security 安全，安全感 ⑥ability 能力 ⑦activity 活動(dòng) ⑧curiosity 好奇心 ⑨equality 平等 ⑩majority 多數(shù) ?un為前綴的高頻詞速記 ①unemployment n．失業(yè)；失業(yè)人數(shù) ②uncover vt.揭開；揭露 ③unaware adj.不知道；沒意識(shí)到 ④unbearable adj.難以忍受的；不能容忍的 ⑤unbelievable adj.不可相信的；難以置信的 ⑥unfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的 ?“職場”高頻單詞集錦 ①interview vt.面試 ②employ vt.雇用 ③appoint vt.任命 ④promote vt.晉升 ⑤dismiss vt.免……的職；解雇 ⑥fire vt.開除 ⑦resign vt.&.vi.辭職 ⑧retire vt.& vi.退休 ⑨hire vt.雇用；租用 【完形填空】 When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明節(jié))．I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)．My children didnt ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got. As the years progressed，I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah. But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else.My specialneeds son decided that he wanted to __7__ a puter，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldnt __8__ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen，he got __9__. I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isnt about greed or materialism.Its about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days.Its about being __12__ of our heritage.Its about freedom. But he __13__.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine.Having a specialneeds child is as __15__ as it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，hes a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life. And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time，I wele his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones. 1．A.buying　　　B．donating C．lighting D．drawing 2．A.celebrate B．present C．send D．play 3．A.at B．for C．in D．from 4．A.ate B．threw C．liked D．drank 5．A.held up B．gave in C．handed in D．kept up 6．A.made B．became C．found D．designed 7．A.build B．buy C．use D．watch 8．A.rely on B．learn from C．a(chǎn)gree to D．dream about 9．A.calm B．happy C．selfish D．upset 10．A.telling B．warning C．promising D．a(chǎn)ccusing 11．A.lays B．hangs C．waits D．burns 12．A.tired B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．lack 13．A.nodded B．slept C．insisted D．failed 14．A.mind B．sight C．control D．place 15．A.wonderful B．dangerous C．interesting D．challenging 16．A.run out B．break down C．work out D．put down 17．A.strange B．a(chǎn)mazing C．bad D．energetic 18．A.candles B．lamps C．torches D．lanterns 19．A.when B．a(chǎn)s C．unless D．until 20．A.relative B．possible C．reasonable D．positive 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者一家過光明節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)、變化及作者的應(yīng)對(duì)策略和反思。 【核心詞匯】greed n．貪婪　materialism n．物質(zhì)主義　miracle n．奇跡 1．C　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__approaching the time”可知，此處指點(diǎn)蠟燭。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Hanukkah(光明節(jié))”可推知，節(jié)日是用來慶祝的。 3．B　根據(jù)語境“l(fā)ess than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此處表示東西的價(jià)格，故用介詞for。 4．C　結(jié)合語境“My children didnt ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子們并不挑剔，很喜歡拿到的禮物。 5．D　結(jié)合下文的轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，作者保持那個(gè)傳統(tǒng)很多年。 6．B　根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新變化。 7．A　根據(jù)語境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，兒子要組建一臺(tái)電腦，要作者去買零配件。 8．C　根據(jù)下文的“And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen, he got __9__ ”可推知，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子就有了其他更多的要求。agree to“同意”。 9．D　很明顯，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子感到難過。upset“難過”。 10．A　很明顯，作者在不斷地給兒子講道理，說明節(jié)日的意義。 11．D　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D項(xiàng)burn“燃燒，發(fā)亮”符合語境。 12．B　固定搭配be proud of意為“以……為傲，為……而自豪”，符合語境。 13．C　根據(jù)下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine”可推知，兒子不為所動(dòng)，堅(jiān)持自己的要求。 14．C　根據(jù)“obsessions(迷戀的物)”可推知，兒子陷入迷戀的事物之中，已經(jīng)失控。out of control“失控”。 15．D　很明顯，作者應(yīng)對(duì)有特殊需求的兒子有些棘手。challenging “挑戰(zhàn)性的”。 16．C　根據(jù)“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那樣發(fā)展。work out“成功地發(fā)展”。 17．B　根據(jù)語境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此處的語氣表示肯定、贊賞，故選B。 amazing“了不起的”。 18．A　根據(jù)上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，節(jié)日期間作者一家點(diǎn)蠟燭慶祝。 19．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，故選B。as“因?yàn)椤薄? 20．D　與語境中的“negative”形成對(duì)比可知，此處表示把負(fù)面要求變成積極要求。positive“積極的”。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞短語 ①burn __to__ the ground 全部焚毀 ②make __one’s__ way 前往 ③glance __through__ 匆匆看一遍 ④vary from...__to__...由……到……不等 ⑤have a gift __for__ 有……的天賦 ⑥__take__ notice 留意；注意 2．be＋名詞/形容詞＋介詞 ①be home __to__ 是……的棲息地；是……的家園 ②be pared __with__ 與……相比 ③be suitable __for__ 對(duì)……合適 ④be anxious __for__渴望 3．其他形式 ①__in__ the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處 ②be about __to__ 即將 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．We __were about to__ go out when it began to rain. 2．He carelessly __glanced through__ the notice on the bulletin board and went away. 3．The ages of the kids in the kindergarten __vary from__ 2 years old __to__ 5 years old. 4．After admiring the beautiful view，she __made her way to__ the next destination. 5．Even though he is a little boy，he __has a gift for__ playing musical instruments. 6．During the terrorist attack on September 11th the World Trade Center __was burnt to the ground__. 7．Keep silent__！Take notice of__ what they are talking about you. 8．I climbed the hill and saw a faint light ing from a house __in the distance__. ?“be＋adj.＋for”必備短語集錦 ①be anxious for 渴望 ②be good/bad for 對(duì)……有益/害 ③be eager for 渴望 ④be famous/wellknown for 因……聞名 ⑤be fit for 合適，適合 ⑥be grateful/thankful for 感謝 ⑦be hungry for 渴望得到 ⑧be ready for 為……準(zhǔn)備好 ?“動(dòng)詞＋through”必備短語一覽 ①get through 通過，干完，接通電話 ②look through 翻閱，看一遍，仔細(xì)查看 ③go through 審閱，檢查 ④put through 實(shí)行，完成 ⑤see through 識(shí)破 ⑥check through 核對(duì) ⑦pull through 渡過危機(jī)，康復(fù) ⑧break through 突破，克服 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和評(píng)估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學(xué)家一起預(yù)測熔巖接著將往何處流，流速是多少。 “having done”是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。 有人帶領(lǐng)我們參觀了這所大學(xué)，然后我們被帶到了許多科學(xué)家工作的大樓。 __Having been shown around the university__，we then were taken to a building，where many scientists worked. 2....but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them. ……我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 this being my first experience是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作原因狀語。 由于那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。 __The boy leading the way__，we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 3.It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people. 據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩就是滿族人的祖先，具有語言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說服力。 It is said that...“據(jù)說……”，是一個(gè)固定句式。 據(jù)報(bào)道他由于在某個(gè)知名微博上傳播謠言已被逮捕。 __It was reported that__ he had been arrested for spreading rumors on a certain popular Weibo. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student.Last week，he goes to see a doctor because of his arms and fingers hurt.The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease”．Zhou sent messages for his friends with his mobile phone all the time，even in bed.Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile phone.He didnt stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt.Yang Ling，which is an expert from a health center，said students should try to use their mobile phones less，especial at school. 【答案】　 Zhou Yan is Senior Three student.Last week，he to see a doctor because his arms and fingers hurt.The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease”．Zhou sent messages his friends with his mobile phone all the time，even in bed.Zhou started to do badly in all the because he spent so time on his mobile phone.He didnt stop the mobile phone until his arms hurt.Yang Ling， is an expert from a health center，said students should try to use their mobile phones less， at school. 第一處：the→a?？疾楣谠~。student是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，表泛指，故用不定冠詞修飾。 第二處：goes→went?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與語境Last week呼應(yīng)，事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。 第三處：刪除of。his arms and fingers hurt是個(gè)句子，故of多余。 第四處：had前加he?？疾榇~。that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從句，而非定語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，對(duì)fact的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，由此可知，從句中缺少了主語，且由上文的him可知，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格形式he。 第五處：for→to。考查介詞。固定搭配send sth.to sb.意為“給某人送某物”，符合語境，故用介詞to。 第六處：exam→exams?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。exam是可數(shù)名詞，且被all修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第七處：many→much。time在此處用作不可數(shù)名詞，故用much修飾。 第八處：use→using。考查動(dòng)名詞。固定搭配stop doing sth.意為“停止做某事”，符合語境，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 第九處：which→who?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞Yang Ling，指人，故用who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語。 第十處：especial→especially?？疾楦痹~。應(yīng)用副詞especially修飾介詞短語at school。