機械畢業(yè)設計-100T液壓機液壓執(zhí)行機構系統(tǒng)設計(含CAD圖紙全套)
機械畢業(yè)設計-100T液壓機液壓執(zhí)行機構系統(tǒng)設計(含CAD圖紙全套),機械,畢業(yè)設計,液壓機,液壓,執(zhí)行機構,系統(tǒng),設計,cad,圖紙,全套
沈陽化工大學科亞學院畢業(yè)論文文獻綜述100T液壓機液壓執(zhí)行機構系統(tǒng)設計引言本設計為四柱式液壓機,四柱液壓機的主機主要由上梁、導柱、工作臺、移動橫梁、主缸、頂出缸等組成。其中主缸可完成快速下行、慢速加壓、保壓延時、釋壓換向、快速返回、原位停止的動作;頂出缸可實現向上頂出、停留、向下退回、原位停止的動作。本設計主機最大工作負載為1000KN。通過對液壓缸工況分析確定液壓缸負載的變化,擬定液壓系統(tǒng)圖和電磁鐵動作順序。并設計主液壓缸,計算主液壓缸的尺寸和流量,主缸的速度換接與安全行程限制通過行程開關來控制。根據技術要求及設計計算選擇液壓泵、GE系列電磁閥等液壓元件。通過液壓系統(tǒng)壓力損失和溫升的驗算,液壓系統(tǒng)的設計可以滿足液壓機順序循環(huán)的動作要求,設計的四柱液壓機能夠實現塑性材料的鍛壓、沖壓、冷擠、校直、彎曲等成型加工工藝。本液壓系統(tǒng)選用PLC控制系統(tǒng),通過泵和油缸及各種液壓閥實現能量的轉換,調節(jié)和輸送,完成各種工藝動作的循環(huán)。液壓機采用集中式布置,液壓系統(tǒng)油源與控制調節(jié)裝置置于主機之外。該液壓機結構緊湊,動作靈敏可靠,速度快,能耗小,噪音低,壓力和行程可在規(guī)定的范圍內任意調節(jié),操作簡單。一、綜述本課題國內外研究動態(tài),說明選題的依據和意義液壓機是一種以液體為工作介質,用來傳遞能量以實現各種工藝的機器。液壓機被廣泛應用于機械工業(yè)的多領域,例如在鍛壓領域中,液壓機廣泛用于自由鍛造、模鍛、沖壓、擠壓、剪切、拉拔成型及超塑性成型等許多工藝中;而在機械工業(yè)的其他領域,液壓機更被應用于粉末制品,塑料制品、磨料制品、金剛石成型、校正壓裝、打包以及橡膠注塑成型等不同的工業(yè)領域。液壓機是根據帕斯卡原理制成的,這里假設液體是不可壓縮的,管道也假設為絕對剛性,不發(fā)生彈性變形。液壓機一般由本體(主機),動力系統(tǒng)以及液壓控制系統(tǒng)三部分組成。最常見的液壓機本體結構是三梁四柱上傳動式。動力系統(tǒng)主要提供液壓機工作時所需要的高壓液體并接收回程排回的低壓液體。液壓控制系統(tǒng)主要將動力系統(tǒng)提供的高壓液體在準確的時間和地點輸送到所需要的工作缸處并將各缸排回的低壓液體輸送回動力系統(tǒng)。早在1662年,帕斯卡就發(fā)現了利用液體產生很大力量的可能性,1795年,英國人Bramah取得了第一個手動液壓機的專利,但真正液壓機的發(fā)展歷史不到200年。隨著西方資本主義的發(fā)展,蒸汽機的發(fā)明,引發(fā)了工業(yè)革命,具有悠久歷史的鍛造工藝也逐步由手工鍛造轉變?yōu)闄C器鍛造。16世紀初,出現了第一批水利機械錘。1893年,第一臺蒸汽錘出現。此后,伴隨著機械工業(yè)的發(fā)展,鍛件尺寸越來越大,鍛錘已做到落下部分超過100噸,如此笨重的錘,操作困難,振動十分巨大。18591861年在維也納鐵路工廠有了第一批用于金屬加工的7000KN,10000KN,和12000KN的液壓機。1884年,英國曼徹斯特首先使用了鍛造鋼錠用的鍛造水壓機,與鍛錘相比,運動部件不必那么重,振動又小,發(fā)展很快。在18871888年間,制造了一系列鍛造水壓機,其中包括一臺40000KN的大型水壓機。1893年,建造了當時最大的120MN鍛造水壓機。1934年,德國制造了70000KN模鍛水壓機;19381944年之間,為了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的需要,又相繼制造了三臺150MN的鍛造水壓機和一臺300MN的大型模鍛水壓機。美國在1955年左右先后制造了兩臺315MN及兩臺450MN的大型模鍛水壓機。蘇聯則在20世紀50年代中期到60年代初期,先后建造了幾臺300MN模鍛水壓機以及世界上最大的750MN模鍛水壓機。此外,在英國、法國、聯邦德國也都先后建造過200300MN的各種大型模鍛液壓機。1976年,在法國投產了西歐最大的650MN模鍛液壓機。液壓機發(fā)展到現在,已經廣泛應用于國民經濟的各個部門,種類繁多,發(fā)展迅速,成為機床行業(yè)的一個重要組成部分。在我國,液壓行業(yè)的發(fā)展僅僅有50年左右。19571958年,我國開始自行設計,自行制造25000KN的中型鍛造水壓機。20世紀60年代初期,在我國的上海和東北,又各自建立了一臺120MN級的大型鍛造水壓機。中、后期,我國又先后成套設計并自行制造了一批技術要求更高的大型液壓機,其中包括300MN有色金屬模鍛液壓機,120MN有色金屬擠壓液壓機,80MN黑色金屬模鍛水壓機。20世紀70年代,我國已開始向國外出口了多臺各種噸位的鍛造液壓機。其中最大的一臺為60MN鍛造水壓機。至此,我國的液壓機設計與制造行業(yè),已經達到了相當高的水平。四柱式液壓機的其類型主要分為:上缸式四柱液壓機,下缸式四柱液壓機。液壓機與機械壓力機相比,具有壓力和速度可在廣泛的范圍內無級調整,可在任意位置輸出全部功率和保持所需壓力,結構布局靈活,各執(zhí)行機構動作可很方便地達到所希望的配合關系等很多優(yōu)點。同時液壓元件具有高度的通用化標準化特點,設計和制造均較為簡單。所以液壓機在國民經濟各部門得到了日益廣泛的應用。二十世紀八十年代以來,隨著微電子技術、液壓技術的發(fā)展和應用,液壓機技術有了更進一步的發(fā)展,眾多機型采用了 CNC或工業(yè) PC機來實現自動控制,使產品的加工質量和生產效率有了極大的提高。由于四柱液壓機結構緊湊、操作方便,價格低廉,應用面廣,同時四柱式液壓機的設計基本上遵循一定的步驟,加工企業(yè)在面對不同用戶的需求時只需在原有系列四柱液壓機基礎上進行參數調整即可,比如最常見的是臺面大小的調整,壓機開口高度的不同,動梁行程的不同等等。因此雖然有人員重復性設計工作較多、設計冗余時間長、不同的設計資料難以通用等缺陷,還是在生產加工領域取得了廣泛的發(fā)展。四柱式液壓機的特點:三梁四柱結構,經濟實用,液壓控制采用插裝閥集成系統(tǒng),減少泄露點,動作可靠,使用壽命長,可實現定壓和定程兩種成形工藝,具備保壓延時功能,工作壓力行程可在規(guī)定的范圍內調節(jié),采用按鈕集中控制,可實現手動、半自動、自動三種操作方式。四柱式液壓機的功能:本系列液壓機適用于可塑性材料的壓制工藝,如沖壓、彎曲、翻邊薄拉伸等也可從事校正、壓裝、塑料制品及粉末制品的壓制成型。二、研究的基本內容,擬解決的主要問題研究的基本內容:選擇合理的液壓系統(tǒng)設計方案(工藝方案設計、液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖設計、液壓站總體布局設計)以滿足液壓系統(tǒng)的使用性能和安全性能要求;技術設計(各組成部分及液壓系統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)設計、閥塊的設計、繪制設計圖樣和編寫技術文件);通過液壓傳動控制系統(tǒng)和電氣控制系統(tǒng)對主機進行動作循環(huán)控制,使液壓機能夠準確作出如下動作:主缸活塞滑塊快速下行、主缸活塞滑塊慢速加壓、主缸保壓、主缸卸壓、主缸活塞滑塊回程、頂出缸活塞頂出、頂出缸活塞退回;設備設計達到布局合理,結構緊湊、工作穩(wěn)定可靠、操作簡單、維護方便、污染小、噪音低、自動化程度高等要求;能夠完成設計要求的加工要求,滿足生產需要;整個液壓系統(tǒng)的設計要滿足拆裝方便,使用維護簡單的要求。需解決的問題:相關資料的查閱,開題報告、文獻綜述的編寫,設計方案的選定,液壓控制系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)圖的選擇與繪制,參數的設計計算,元件的選取、閥塊、泵站、油箱的設計及裝配圖的繪制,設計說明書的編寫。三、研究步驟、方法及措施研究步驟:分析、理解設計任務書的要求查閱相關資料初步擬定設計方案設計方案對比并確定最佳方案參數的設計計算元件的選取閥塊的設計泵站的設計完成液壓泵站裝配圖、液壓閥組裝配圖及閥塊裝配圖、油箱裝配圖的計算機輔助設計(CAD)制圖和手工繪圖編寫設計說明書。研究方法:對比法,根據給定的設計參數,按照已有的成熟的四柱液壓機液壓控制系統(tǒng)及電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設計程序完成系統(tǒng)的設計計算。參考文獻1.章宏甲,黃誼.液壓傳動.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2000.2.雷天覺.液壓工程手冊.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1990.3.路甬祥.液壓氣動技術手冊.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2003.4.劉德新.袖珍液壓氣動手冊.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2004.5.成大先.機械設計手冊.北京:化學工業(yè)出版社,2004.6.大連第二液壓件廠.液壓元件疊加閥.大連:第二液壓件廠.2000.7.廖念釗,古瑩罨,莫雨松等, 互換性與技術測量 北京:中國計量出版社,2002.8.左健民.液壓與氣壓傳動.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1990.9.王積偉.液壓傳動.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2006.10.周士昌.液壓系統(tǒng)設計圖集.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2004.11.官忠范.液壓傳動系統(tǒng).北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1997.12.李壽剛.液壓傳動.北京:北京理工大學出版社,1994.13.董林福,趙艷春.液壓與氣動.北京.化學工業(yè)出版社.2005.14. 俞新陸.液壓機的設計與應用.北京.機械工業(yè)出版社.2006.15.倪洪啟,牛野,王樹強.四柱液壓機的PLC系統(tǒng)設計.沈陽化工大學學報.2011,3:59-6216. 王曄,楊明堂.150t液壓機液壓系統(tǒng)設計.液壓與氣壓,2010,7:57-59.17. 宋麗華,毛君.四柱式液壓機液壓系統(tǒng)設計.機床與液壓.2009,6:106-108.18. 俞新陸.液壓機現代設計理論.北京.機械工業(yè)出版社.1987.19. 李長久.PLC原理及應用.北京.機械工業(yè)出版社.2006.20.Fitch E C.Hong IT.Contamination for the Fluid power.Industry HIAC/ROYCO 199021. 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Lansky etc. Industrial Pneumatic Control M.NEW POWER.1986.外文翻譯資料機電一體化技術及其應用研究1 機電一體化技術發(fā)展機電一體化是機械、微、控制、機、信息處理等多學科的交叉融合,其發(fā)展和進步有賴于相關技術的進步與發(fā)展,其主要發(fā)展方向有數字化、智能化、模塊化、化、人性化、微型化、集成化、帶源化和綠色化。1.1 數字化微控制器及其發(fā)展奠定了機電產品數字化的基礎,如不斷發(fā)展的數控機床和機器人;而計算機網絡的迅速崛起,為數字化設計與制造鋪平了道路,如虛擬設計、計算機集成制造等。數字化要求機電一體化產品的軟件具有高可靠性、易操作性、可維護性、自診斷能力以及友好人機界面。數字化的實現將便于遠程操作、診斷和修復。1.2 智能化即要求機電產品有一定的智能,使它具有類似人的邏輯思考、判斷推理、自主決策等能力。例如在CNC數控機床上增加人機對話功能,設置智能I/O接口和智能工藝數據庫,會給使用、操作和維護帶來極大的方便。隨著模糊控制、神經網絡、灰色、小波理論、混沌與分岔等人工智能技術的進步與發(fā)展,為機電一體化技術發(fā)展開辟了廣闊天地。 1.3 模塊化由于機電一體化產品種類和生產廠家繁多,研制和開發(fā)具有標準機械接口、動力接口、環(huán)境接口的機電一體化產品單元模塊是一項復雜而有前途的工作。如研制具有集減速、變頻調速電機一體的動力驅動單元;具有視覺、圖像處理、識別和測距等功能的電機一體控制單元等。這樣,在產品開發(fā)設計時,可以利用這些標準模塊化單元迅速開發(fā)出新的產品。1.4 網絡化由于網絡的普及,基于網絡的各種遠程控制和監(jiān)視技術方興未艾。而遠程控制的終端設備本身就是機電一體化產品,現場總線和局域網技術使家用電器網絡化成為可能,利用家庭網絡把各種家用電器連接成以計算機為中心的計算機集成家用電器系統(tǒng),使人們在家里可充分享受各種高技術帶來的好處,因此,機電一體化產品無疑應朝網絡化方向發(fā)展。1.5 人性化機電一體化產品的最終使用對象是人,如何給機電一體化產品賦予人的智能、情感和人性顯得愈來愈重要,機電一體化產品除了完善的性能外,還要求在色彩、造型等方面與環(huán)境相協(xié)調,使用這些產品,對人來說還是一種享受,如家用機器人的最高境界就是人機一體化。1.6 微型化微型化是精細加工技術發(fā)展的必然,也是提高效率的需要。微機電系統(tǒng)(Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems,簡稱MEMS)是指可批量制作的,集微型機構、微型傳感器、微型執(zhí)行器以及信號處理和控制電路,直至接口、通信和電源等于一體的微型器件或系統(tǒng)。自1986年美國斯坦福大學研制出第一個醫(yī)用微探針,1988年美國加州大學Berkeley分校研制出第一個微電機以來,國內外在MEMS工藝、材料以及微觀機理方面取得了很大進展,開發(fā)出各種MEMS器件和系統(tǒng),如各種微型傳感器(壓力傳感器、微加速度計、微觸覺傳感器),各種微構件(微膜、微粱、微探針、微連桿、微齒輪、微軸承、微泵、微彈簧以及微機器人等)。 1.7 集成化集成化既包含各種技術的相互滲透、相互融合和各種產品不同結構的優(yōu)化與復合,又包含在生產過程中同時處理加工、裝配、檢測、管理等多種工序。為了實現多品種、小批量生產的自動化與高效率,應使系統(tǒng)具有更廣泛的柔性。首先可將系統(tǒng)分解為若干層次,使系統(tǒng)功能分散,并使各部分協(xié)調而又安全地運轉,然后再通過軟、硬件將各個層次有機地聯系起來,使其性能最優(yōu)、功能最強。1.8 帶源化是指機電一體化產品自身帶有能源,如太陽能電池、燃料電池和大容量電池。由于在許多場合無法使用電能,因而對于運動的機電一體化產品,自帶動力源具有獨特的好處。帶源化是機電一體化產品的發(fā)展方向之一。1.9 綠色化技術的發(fā)展給人們的生活帶來巨大變化,在物質豐富的同時也帶來資源減少、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的后果。所以,人們呼喚保護環(huán)境,回歸,實現可持續(xù)發(fā)展,綠色產品概念在這種呼聲中應運而生。綠色產品是指低能耗、低材耗、低污染、舒適、協(xié)調而可再生利用的產品。在其設計、制造、使用和銷毀時應符合環(huán)保和人類健康的要求,機電一體化產品的綠色化主要是指在其使用時不污染生態(tài)環(huán)境,產品壽命結束時,產品可分解和再生利用。2 機電一體化技術在鋼鐵中應用 在鋼鐵企業(yè)中,機電一體化系統(tǒng)是以微處理機為核心,把微機、工控機、數據通訊、顯示裝置、儀表等技術有機的結合起來,采用組裝合并方式,為實現工程大系統(tǒng)的綜合一體化創(chuàng)造有力條件,增強系統(tǒng)控制精度、質量和可靠性。機電一體化技術在鋼鐵企業(yè)中主要應用于以下幾個方面:2.1 智能化控制技術(IC)由于鋼鐵具有大型化、高速化和連續(xù)化的特點,傳統(tǒng)的控制技術遇到了難以克服的困難,因此非常有必要采用智能控制技術。智能控制技術主要包括專家系統(tǒng)、模糊控制和神經等,智能控制技術廣泛于鋼鐵的產品設計、生產、控制、設備與產品質量診斷等各個方面,如高爐控制系統(tǒng)、電爐和連鑄車間、軋鋼系統(tǒng)、煉鋼連鑄軋鋼綜合調度系統(tǒng)、冷連軋等。2.2 分布式控制系統(tǒng)(CS)分布式控制系統(tǒng)采用一臺中央機指揮若干臺面向控制的現場測控計算機和智能控制單元。分布式控制系統(tǒng)可以是兩級的、三級的或更多級的。利用計算機對生產過程進行集中監(jiān)視、操作、管理和分散控制。隨著測控技術的,分布式控制系統(tǒng)的功能越來越多。不僅可以實現生產過程控制,而且還可以實現在線最優(yōu)化、生產過程實時調度、生產計劃統(tǒng)計管理功能,成為一種測、控、管一體化的綜合系統(tǒng)。CS具有特點控制功能多樣化、操作簡便、系統(tǒng)可以擴展、維護方便、可靠性高等特點。CS是監(jiān)視集中控制分散,故障面小,而且系統(tǒng)具有連鎖保護功能,采用了系統(tǒng)故障人工手動控制操作措施,使系統(tǒng)可靠性高。分布式控制系統(tǒng)與集中型控制系統(tǒng)相比,其功能更強,具有更高的安全性。是當前大型機電一體化系統(tǒng)的主要潮流。 2.3 開放式控制系統(tǒng)(OCS)開放控制系統(tǒng)(Open Control System)是計算機技術發(fā)展所引出的新的結構體系概念。“開放”意味著對一種標準的信息交換規(guī)程的共識和支持,按此標準設計的系統(tǒng),可以實現不同廠家產品的兼容和互換,且資源共享。開放控制系統(tǒng)通過工業(yè)通信網絡使各種控制設備、管理計算機互聯,實現控制與經營、管理、決策的集成,通過現場總線使現場儀表與控制室的控制設備互聯,實現測量與控制一體化。2.4 計算機集成制造系統(tǒng)(CIMS)鋼鐵企業(yè)的CIMS是將人與生產經營、生產管理以及過程控制連成一體,用以實現從原料進廠,生產加工到產品發(fā)貨的整個生產過程全局和過程一體化控制。目前鋼鐵企業(yè)已基本實現了過程自動化,但這種“自動化孤島”式的單機自動化缺乏信息資源的共享和生產過程的統(tǒng)一管理,難以適應鋼鐵生產的要求。未來鋼鐵企業(yè)競爭的焦點是多品種、小批量生產,質優(yōu)價廉,及時交貨。為了提高生產率、節(jié)能降耗、減少人員及現有庫存,加速資金周轉,實現生產、經營、管理整體優(yōu)化,關鍵就是加強管理,獲取必須的效益,提高了企業(yè)的競爭力。美國、日本等一些大型鋼鐵企業(yè)在20世紀80年代已廣泛實現CIMS化。2.5 現場總線技術(BT)現場總線技術(ie Bus Technology)是連接設置在現場的儀表與設置在控制室內的控制設備之間的數字式、雙向、多站通信鏈路。采用現場總線技術取代現行的信號傳輸技術(如420mA,C直流傳輸)就能使更多的信息在智能化現場儀表裝置與更高一級的控制系統(tǒng)之間在共同的通信媒體上進行雙向傳送。通過現場總線連接可省去66%或更多的現場信號連接導線?,F場總線的引入導致CS的變革和新一代圍繞開放自動化系統(tǒng)的現場總線化儀表,如智能變送器、智能執(zhí)行器、現場總線化檢測儀表、現場總線化PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)和現場就地控制站等的發(fā)展。 2.6 交流傳動技術傳動技術在鋼鐵工業(yè)中起作至關重要的作用。隨著電力技術和微電子技術的發(fā)展,交流調速技術的發(fā)展非常迅速。由于交流傳動的優(yōu)越性,電氣傳動技術在不久的將來由交流傳動全面取代直流傳動,數字技術的發(fā)展,使復雜的矢量控制技術實用化得以實現,交流調速系統(tǒng)的調速性能已達到和超過直流調速水平?,F在無論大容量電機或中小容量電機都可以使用同步電機或異步電機實現可逆平滑調速。交流傳動系統(tǒng)在軋鋼生產中一出現就受到用戶的歡迎,應用不斷擴大。 4外文資料翻譯Electromechanical integration technology and its application An electromechanical integration technology development Mechatronics is the machinery, micro-, control, aircraft, information processing, and other cross-disciplinary integration, and its development and progress depends on the progress of technology and development, the main direction of development of a digital, intelligent, modular, and human nature , miniaturization, integration, with source and green. 1.1 Digital Microcontroller and the development of a number of mechanical and electrical products of the base, such as the continuous development of CNC machine tools and robots, and the rapid rise of the computer network for the digital design and manufacturing paved the way for, such as virtual design and computer integrated manufacturing. Digital request electromechanical integration software products with high reliability, easy operability, maintainability, self-diagnostic capabilities, and friendly man-machine interface. Digital will facilitate the realization of long-distance operation, diagnosis and repair. Intelligent 1.2 Mechanical and electrical products that require a certain degree of intelligence, it is similar to the logical thinking, reasoning judgement, autonomous decision-making capabilities. For example, in the CNC machine increase interactive features, set up Intelligent I / O interface and intelligent database technology, will use, operation and maintenance of bring great convenience. With fuzzy control, neural network, gray, wavelet theory, chaos and bifurcation, such as artificial intelligence and technological progress and development and the development of mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a vast world. Modular 1.3 As electromechanical integration products and manufacturers wide variety of research and development of a standard mechanical interface, dynamic interface, the environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a complex and promising work. If the development is set to slow down. VVVF integrated motor drive unit with vision, image processing, identification and location of the motor functions, such as integrated control unit. Thus, in product development, design, we can use these standards modular unit quickly develop new products. 1.4 Network As the popularity of the network, network-based remote control and monitoring of various technical ascendant. The remote control device itself is the integration of mechanical and electrical products, fieldbus technology to household appliances and LAN network possible, use a home network to connect various home appliances into a computer as the center of computer integrated appliances system, so that people in the home can be full enjoyment of the benefits of various high-tech, therefore, electromechanical integration products should be no doubt North Korea networks. 1.5 humanity Electromechanical integration of the end-use product is targeted, how to give people electromechanical integration of intelligent products, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important, electromechanical integration products in addition to improving performance, it also urged the color, shape and so on and environmental coordination, the use of these products, or for a person to enjoy, such as home robot is the highest state of human-machine integration. 1.6 miniaturization Micro-fine processing technology is a necessity in the development, but also the need to improve efficiency. MEMS (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, or MEMS) refers to quantities can be produced by the micro-collection agencies, micro-sensors, micro actuators and signal processing and control circuit until interface, communication and power is one of the micro-devices or systems . Since 1986 the United States at Stanford University developed the first medical microprobe, 1988 at the University of California, Berkeley developed the first micro-motor, both at home and abroad in MEMS technology, materials and micro-mechanism much progress has been made, the development of all sorts MEMS devices and systems, such as the various micro-sensors (pressure sensors, micro-accelerometer, micro-tactile sensor), various micro-component (micro-film, micro-beam, microprobes, micro-link, micro-gear, micro-bearings, micro-pump , microcoil and micro-robot, etc.). 1.7 Integration Integration includes a mutual penetration of various technologies, and integration of various products of different structural optimization and composite, and included in the production process at the same time processing, assembly, testing, management, and other processes. In order to achieve more variety, small batch production of automation and high efficiency, the system should have a more extensive flexible. First system can be divided into several levels, allowing the system to function dispersed, and security and coordination with other parts of the operation, and then through software and hardware at various levels will be organically linked to its optimal performance, the most powerful. 1.8 with source of Electromechanical integration refers to the product itself with energy, such as solar cells, fuel cells and large-capacity battery. As on many occasions not be able to use electricity, which campaigns for the mechanical and electrical integration products, has a unique power source comes with the benefits. Sources with the integration of mechanical and electrical product development direction of. Green 1.9 The development of technology in peoples lives brought great changes in the material at the same time has also brought rich resources, deterioration of the ecological environment consequences. Therefore, people calling for the protection of the environment, regression, and achieving sustainable development in the concept of green products such calls have emerged. Green products is low-power, low-wood consumption, clean, comfortable, coordination and utilization of renewable products. In its design, manufacture, use and destruction of human beings should be in line with environmental protection and health requirements, electromechanical integration of green products is mainly refers to the use of time is not pollute the ecological environment, at the end of product life, and regeneration of decomposition products. 2 electromechanical integration in the application of technology in the iron and steel In the iron and steel enterprises, the integration of mechanical and electrical systems are at the core microprocessor, the computer, industrial computer, data communications, display devices, meters and the combination of technologies such as organic, assembled by the merger means for the realization of a large-scale integrated system create conditions for effective integration, enhanced system control precision, quality and reliability. Electromechanical integration technology in the iron and steel enterprises in the mainly used in the following areas:2.1 Intelligent Control Technology (IC) As a large-scale iron and steel, high-speed continuous and the characteristics of the traditional control technologies encountered insurmountable difficulties, it is necessary to adopt very intelligent control technology. Control technologies include intelligent expert system, neural and fuzzy control, intelligent control techniques in steel product design, manufacturing, control, product quality and diagnostic equipment, and other aspects, such as blast furnace control system, electric furnace and continuous casting plant, steel rolling system , steelmaking - Casting integrated scheduling system - rolling, cold rolling, etc. 2.2 Distributed Control System (DCS) Distributed control system uses a central command for the control of a number of Taiwan-site monitoring and intelligent computer control unit. Distributed control systems can be two, three or more levels. Using computers to concentrate on the production process monitoring, operation, management and decentralized control. With monitoring and control technologies, and the functions of distributed control system more and more. Not only can be achieved control of the production process, but also can be achieved online optimization, the production process real-time scheduling, production planning statistical management functions, as a measurement, control, integration of the integrated system. DCS control functions with diverse features and easy operation, the system can be extended, easy maintenance and high reliability characteristics. DCS is decentralized and centralized control monitoring, fault-minor, and the system has the chain protection features, the use of manual control system failure operational measures, the system is highly reliable. Distributed control system and centralized control system compared to their more functional, with a higher level of security. Is the large-scale integration of mechanical and electrical systems main trend. 2.3 Open Control System (OCS) Open Control System (Open Control System) is the development of computer technology led by the new structure concept. Open means a standard for the exchange of information in order consensus and support this standard design systems, different manufacturers products can be compatible and interoperable, and the sharing of resources. Industrial control systems through open communication network so that all control equipment, management, computer interconnections, to achieve control and management, administration, integrated decision-making, through fieldbus to the scene and control room instrumentation control equipment interconnected to achieve integrated measurement and control of. 2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) CIMS is the iron and steel enterprises will be and the production and operation, production management and process control connecting to achieve from raw materials into the plant, production and processing of shipments to the entire production process and the overall integration process control. Currently iron and steel enterprises have basically achieved process automation, but this kind of automated island of single automation lack of information resources and the sharing of the unified management of the production process, can hardly meet the requirements of the iron and steel production. Future competition iron and steel enterprises is the focus of many varieties, small batch production, cheap and of good quality, timely delivery of goods. In order to improve productivity, saving energy, reducing staff and the existing inventory, accelerate cash flow, production, operation and management of the overall optimization, the key is to strengthen the management, access to the benefits of raising the competitiveness of businesses. The United States, Japan and some other large-scale iron and steel enterprises in the 1980s has been widely realization of CIMS. 2.5 Fieldbus Technology (FBT) Fieldbus Technology (Fied Bus Technology) is the connection settings in the field of instrumentation installed in the control room and control devices for digital, bi-directional, multi-station communication link. Fieldbus technology used to replace the existing signal transmission technology (such as 4 to 20 mA, DC DC transmission), it will enable more information in the field of Intelligent Instrumentation devices and higher-level control system in the joint between the communications media on the two-way transmission. Fieldbus connection can be through save 66% or more on-site signal connecting wires. Fieldbus lead to the introduction of the reform and the new generation of DCS around open fieldbus automation system of instruments, such as intelligent transmitter, intelligent, fieldbus detection instruments, fieldbus of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) local control stations and field development. 2.6 AC drive technology Transmission technology in the iron and steel industry plays a crucial role. With power technology and the development of microelectronics technology, the development of AC variable speed very quickly. The AC drive to the advantages of electric drive technology in the near future from AC drive completely replace DC transmission, the development of digital technology, complex vector control technologies to achieve practical, AC variable speed system speed and performance has reached more than DC converter level. Now whether small or large-capacity electrical motor capacity synchronous motor can be used to achieve reversible induction motor or smoothing governor. AC drive system in the production of steel rolling emerged as a welcome users, applications continues to expand.6
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