













摘 要
隨著制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,人們深刻的感受到數(shù)控機(jī)床在生產(chǎn)中的地位是越來越重要。本文結(jié)合機(jī)電一體化的需要,設(shè)計(jì)以單片機(jī)作為控制系統(tǒng)的X-Y型工作臺(X-Y工作臺是指能分別沿著X向和Y向移動(dòng)的工作臺)。通過對X-Y型工作臺機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和控制電路接口的設(shè)計(jì),闡述了機(jī)電一體化設(shè)計(jì)中的共性和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。這種工作臺通常與整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)整體,其形狀,尺寸,結(jié)構(gòu)因機(jī)器類型不同而有較大差異,但其工作原理有著共同點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:X-Y數(shù)控十字滑臺;機(jī)電一體化;單片機(jī)
Abstract
Along with manufacturing industry development,people's profound feeling numerical control engine bed in production status is more and more important. Combine mechanical-electrical integration’s need, design a Model X-Y working bench with one-chip computer as the of the control system(X-Y working bench is separately along X and Y motion work table.). Though describing the working bench mechanical’s design of structure and interface of the control circuit to Model X-Y, have explained generality in the design of mechanical-electrical integration and its key technology. This kind of working bench is usually designed with the complete machine into a whole , its form , size, there is a greater difference because types of the machine are different in the structure, but its operation principle has common point.
Keywords: X-Y numerical control cross slippery platform; The mechanical-electrical integration; One-chip computer
目 錄
1 緒論 1
1.1數(shù)字控制技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展 1
1.2我國數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展情況 2
1.3數(shù)控機(jī)床中十字滑臺的設(shè)計(jì) 2
2 機(jī)床改造總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 4
3 確定機(jī)械傳動(dòng)改造方案 5
3.1 設(shè)計(jì)原始參數(shù) 5
3.2 確定切削用量 5
3.3 進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的切削負(fù)載分析及計(jì)算方法 5
3.3.1、各個(gè)方向的分力 5
3.3.2、摩擦阻力 5
3.3.3、等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量計(jì)算 6
3.3.4、絲杠摩擦阻力矩的計(jì)算 6
3.3.5、等效負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩Tm的計(jì)算 6
3.3.6、起動(dòng)慣性阻力矩的計(jì)算 6
3.3.7、步進(jìn)電機(jī)輸出軸總的負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩的計(jì)算 6
3.4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的匹配選擇 7
3.5 滾珠絲杠的選擇與校核 7
3.5.1、工作原理及結(jié)構(gòu) 7
3.5.2、滾珠絲杠副的特點(diǎn) 7
3.5.3、承載能力的校核 8
3.5.4、壓桿穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算 8
3.5.5、剛度驗(yàn)算 8
3.6 齒輪的校核計(jì)算 9
3.7 軸承的選擇與校核 12
3.8 導(dǎo)軌的選擇 13
4 控制系統(tǒng)的硬件及軟件設(shè)計(jì) 14
4.1 確定控制系統(tǒng)方案 14
4.2 單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 14
4.2.1、單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的硬件構(gòu)成 14
4.2.2、單片機(jī)引腳及其功能 15
4.2.3、控制線 15
4.3 單片機(jī)的選擇 16
4.4 存儲器的選用與擴(kuò)展 16
4.5 存儲器的選用及連接 16
4.6 地址鎖存器 17
4.7 鍵盤與顯示電路及其程序 18
4.7.1、8155工作方式設(shè)定 19
4.7.2、狀態(tài)查詢 20
4.7.3、8155定時(shí)功能 20
4.7.4、鍵盤顯示電路工作原理 22
4.8 步進(jìn)電機(jī)接口電路 29
5 總結(jié) 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33
致謝 34