中考英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)閱讀及講解匯編人生哲理.doc

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中考英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)閱讀及講解匯編（一）人生哲理 [材料1] It’s easier to go downhill than to climb uphill; so it is easier to fall into bad habits than into good ones. Bad habits do not come suddenly . They come little by little . School children first pick up little bad habits in schools and in the streets . When they can’t write their lessons, they copy from others . If they see bigger boys smoking ,they also want to learn to smoke. If they see their friends gambling , they want to copy their examples. When they get bigger, the habits become stronger and stronger so that they can no longer get rid of them. From copying, they learn to cheat , from gambling ,they learn to steal. So it is very important for us to get rid of bad habits in the beginning. 注釋 1. gamble 賭博 2. From copying, they learn to cheat , from gambling ,they learn to steal. 從抄作業(yè),他們學(xué)會(huì)欺騙,從賭博他們學(xué)會(huì)了偷竊。 字?jǐn)?shù) 132 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 3. 5 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. To fall into had habits is just like to_____. A. climb uphill B. go downhill C. go upstairs D. go downstairs 2. Bad habits come______. A. suddenly B. quickly C. from the beginning of life D. step by step 3. Which of the following is the bad habit? A. Tell the truth. B. Finish the lessons every day C. Tell a lie D. Copy from others 4. It’s _____to get rid of bad habits in the very beginning. A. helpful B. dangerous C. useless D. unnecessary 5. From the passage we know _____ A. one can never get rid of bad habits B. gambling will make one cheat C. school children just pick up bad habits in schools. D. it’s more difficult to fall into good habits than into bad ones Key: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D [材料2] A friend’s grandfather came to America from Eastern Europe. After being processed at Ellis Island, he went into a cafeteria in lower Manhattan to get something to eat. He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order. Of course nobody did. At last, a woman with a plate full of food sat down opposite him and told him how a cafeteria worked. “Start out at that end,” she said , “Just go along the line and pick out what you want. At the other end they’ll tell you how much you have to pay. ” “I soon learned that is how everything works in America,” the grandfather told a friend. “Life is like a cafeteria here. You can get anything you want only if you are willing to pay the money. You can even get success ,but you will\never wait for someone to bring to you. You have to get up and get it yourself. ” 注釋 1. process入境檢查 自助餐廳 pick out挑選 2. Ellis Island埃利斯島(美國(guó)東北部) 3. I soon learned that is how everything works in America. 我很快就知道那就是在美國(guó)的處事方式。 字?jǐn)?shù) 160 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 3 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. Which is the best title for the passage? A. from Eastern Europe to America. B. Life is Like a Cafeteria in America. C. How to Eat in a Cafeteria. D. Eating in an American Cafeteria. 2. Maybe the old man came from _________. A. Poland B. Australia C. Canada D. Egypt 3. From the passage, we know if you want to get success in America, you should_______. A. get help from your friends B. know how a cafeteria works C. get up again if you fail D. try to get it by yourself 4. How does everything work in America? A. You must wait for others to help you. B. You must pay everything you buy. C. You must help yourself with everything. D. You must copy others’ examples. Key 1. B 2. A 3. D [材料3] How old is “old”? The answer has changed over the years. Two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. At the beginning of the 20th century, the average life span was 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is still thought young. So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all kinds of people. “You are as old (or young) as you feel. ” Your age simply tells you how many years you have lived. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived. “Nobody grows old by living a number of years,” wrote a writer. “People grow old when they don’t have their ideals. ” People shouldn’t have the wrong ideals about aging. Sometimes, older minds can be as bright as young minds. Alice Brophy once said, “It makes me unhappy when people say, ‘You look young for your age. ’What does that mean? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80. ” 1. average 平均 span （生命）跨度 ideal 理想 2. The answer has changed over the years. 答案已隨時(shí)代而變化。 3. You are as old (or young) as you feel. 你的年齡隨心態(tài)而定。 4. Nobody grows old by living a number of years,人不是因度過(guò)許多年份而變老的。 5. You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80. 你知道，你可能三十歲老死，八十歲還年青地活著。 字?jǐn)?shù) 168 難度系數(shù) 要求是 5 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. About 100 years ago, the average life span was__________. A. 35 B. 45 C. 70 D. 80 2. . The meaning of the word “aging” is ____________. A. growing old B. staying young C. keeping healthy D. feeling unhappy 3. According to the passage, which of the following is true? B. Older people are not as bright as young people. C. All older people are healthy and strong. D. Aging does not mean you become unhealthy. E. Most older people are unhealthy and poor. 4. Which question is not answered in the passage? F. Can older people be as bright as young people? G. What tells you how well you’ve lived? H. How old is “old”? I. What is the average life span to day? 5. The passage is mainly about_____________. A. the average life span B. aging C. the 20th century D. older people and young people Key: 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C [材料4] A great French writer has said that we should help everyone as much as we can because we often need help ourselves. The small even can help the great. About this , he told the following story. An ant was drinking at a small river and fell in. She tried her best to reach the side , but she couldn’t move at all. The poor ant got too tired but was still doing her best when a big bird saw her. With a pity ,the bird threw a piece of wood. With it the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in grass she heard a man coming up. He was walking without shoes on his feet and carrying a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the bird, he wished to kill her, and he would certainly do so, but the ant bit him in one of his feet and at that moment the bird flew away at once. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than the bird herself that had saved her life. 注釋 1. bit咬 2. The small even can help the great. 小能幫大。 3. with a pity 抱著同情心 4. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than the bird herself that had saved her life. 正是這只比鳥(niǎo)弱小得多的動(dòng)物救了她的命。 字?jǐn)?shù) 184 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 3. 5 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. According to the French writer, we often need help from others, so we should______. A. help others as much as we can B. help the people who are may be useful to us C. get as much help as we can D. first need to help ourselves 2. An ant fell in the river and could not reach the side ______. A. because she didn’t try to B. because she tried too hard C. because she didn’t cry for help D. because she wasn’t able to move in the water 3. Though the poor ant was too tired, she______. A. lost hope B. stopped trying C. stopped to rest D. went on trying 4. The sentence in the first part “We often need help ourselves. ” means______. A. We often help ourselves B. We often need to help ourselves C. There is a need for us to help ourselves D. We often need other people to help ourselves 5. The writer tells this story to show_____. A. how brave the bird is B. how clever the ant is C. how an ant saved a bird D. even the small can help the great 6. The title of this story can be_______. A. Help B. Pity C. The Ant D. The Bird Key: 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A [材料5] In elementary school, Guadalupe Quintanilla was often regarded as a “slow learner” by her teachers. But she really wasn’t slow at all. She just didn’t understand the language used in the classroom. Her problem was that she didn’t speak English. So she left school after the fourth grade. When Gaudalupe grew up, married, and had children of her own, she knew that her children were clever. But some of their teachers didn’t think so. The children were having trouble in school because they didn’t speak English. Mrs. Quintanilla was angry. She didn’t want people to think that her children were learners. So she decided to learn English herself as a way of helping them. She practiced English. She looked up words in the dictionary. She asked the school headmaster to let her sit in on classes. It wasn’t easy, but she passed all her exams. She said that many of the other students helped her. Mrs. Quintanilla has helped her children with their lessons. Her two sons have won success. One is a teacher, and the other is a doctor. Her youngest child, a daughter, is studying in a university. 1. elementary 小學(xué) 2. She just didn’t understand the language used in the classroom. 她僅僅是聽(tīng)不懂課上說(shuō)的話。 3. So she decided to learn English herself as a way of helping them. 所以她決定自學(xué)英語(yǔ)作為幫助他們的一種方式。 字?jǐn)?shù) 190 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 4 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. Gaudalupe was called a slow learner__________. A. to make her study harder B. because she wasn’t clever C. because she stayed at home D. because she didn’t speak English 2. According to the story, children who don’t speak English_____________. A. may have more trouble in school B. have trouble playing football C. often write a diary D. grow up to be teachers 3. Which happened first? A. Gaudalupe passed all her exams. B. Gaudalupe left school after the fourth grade. C. Gaudalupe had three children. D. Her two sons won success. 4. The story is mainly about___________. A. learning to sing and dance B. the problem of slow learning C. going to a university D. Mrs. Quintanilla’s success 5. The story tells us that________. A. most children fall in school B. school is easy for all students C. hard work can lead to success D. teachers themselves are slow learners Key: 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C [材料6] It is duty of every man to work . The life of a lazy man is of no use to himself and to others. If the man is too lazy to work , he will usually become a unuseful man . Everyone, when he is young , should learn some useful work . But it is not enough for a man to learn some kind of work . He should put his heart and soul into his work , and not waste his free time . “Work while you work and play while you play” is as good rule for young people as old . There is no better to help to diligence than the habit of early rising, and this , just like all other good habits , is most easily formed in youth . There is an English saying “Lost time never returns . ”This means that everybody must be diligent , and make good use of time . One must study hard when one is young so that one can make great progress , succeed in life and become useful to one’s country . So we can say that diligence is the mother of success. 1. soul 精力 diligence勤奮 youth青年人 progress進(jìn)步 2. be of no use 沒(méi)有用（be not useful） 3. as good rule for young people as old 不僅對(duì)老年人，而且對(duì)年輕人也是一條好規(guī)則。 字?jǐn)?shù) 198 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 4 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. After reading the passage we know that a diligent man will _________ . A. lose time B. succeed in life C. lose his life D. make little progress 2. If a man wants to be of use to himself and to the people , he should ________ . A. learn some useful work B. do something in his free time C. put his heart and soul into everything D. try his best to work without rest 3. In order to learn to be diligent , it’s very important for the young people to ________ . A. work while they work and play while they play B. work all the time without playing C. form the habit of getting up early D. learn some good subjects 4. One will be successful in life if he _______ when he is young . A. spends some time learning B. is diligent in his study C. loves his school D. gets up early 5. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage ? A. Lazy Boy Can Learn to Be Diligent B. Young People Should Rise Early C. Diligence , the Mother of Success D. Lost Time Never Returns . Key: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C [材料7] At 9:00 Dick Spivak’s bank telephoned and said his payment was late. “The check is in the post,” Dick answered quickly. At 11:45 Dick left for a 12:00 meeting across town. Arriving late, he explained that traffic had been bad. That evening, Dick’s girlfriend wore a new dress. He hated it. “It looks just great on you,” he said. Three lies in one day! Yet Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man. Each time, he told himself that sometimes the truth makes too many problems. Most of us tell much the same white lies, harmless untruths that help to save trouble. How often do we tell white lies? It partly depends on our age, education, and even where we live. One US study shows that women are more truthful than men, and honesty increases as we get older. While most people use little white lies to make life easier, most Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life. They say that people today are less honey than they were ten years ago. Although it is believed that things are getting worse, lying seems to be an age-old human problem. The French philosopher Vauvenarges, writing in the eighteenth century, touched the truth when he wrote “ All men are born truthful and die liars. ” 注釋 1. harmless無(wú)害的 honesty誠(chéng)實(shí) philosopher哲學(xué)家 2. Arriving late, he explained that traffic had been bad. 由于來(lái)完了，他解釋說(shuō)交通太糟糕。 Arriving late作原因狀語(yǔ)。 3. touch the truth觸及到事實(shí)真相 4. All men are born truthful and die liars. 所有人生來(lái)都是誠(chéng)實(shí)的，死的時(shí)候就成了謊言家。 字?jǐn)?shù) 215 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 4. 5 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. When the writer says “Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man”, he means___________. A. many people tell white lies like Dick Spivak B. Dick could do nothing about bad traffic C. a lot of people often delay(推遲) their payment D. Dick found it hard to do with everyday problems 2. From this passage we can see most Americans_____. A. hate white lies B. believe white lies C. value(珍視) honesty D. think others are dishonest 3. Vauvenarges’ words means that_________. A. lying is an age-old human problem B. people become less honest as they get older C. people were dishonest in the 18th century D. the things around make people tell lies 4. Which sentence is wrong? A. All men are dishonest when they are dying. B. Women are more honest than men. C. White lies sometimes can make life easier. D. The younger a person is , the more honest he is. Key: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A [材料8] Long ago ,there lived in Greece a learned man. He was so well known for his good knowledge of almost everything that lots of people from all over the country came to learn from him. The great man taught his students whole-heartedly and answered their questions with great patience. One day a student asked him, “ My dear teacher, didn’t you say you yourself have many ,many more questions about things than we do? But I think we students have far more than you. ” With a smile on his face, the teacher drew two circles ,one as large as a big cake, the other smaller. Then he said , “Of course, I have learned much more. But it’s wrong to think that a teacher has fewer questions than his students. Now, look at these two circles. The inside of the bigger one is my knowledge of things, and the inside of the smaller one is yours. Out of the circles is what is still unknown to us. Since mine is larger, I have to use the longer line to draw the bigger circle. That means I have more opportunities to face what is still unknown. And that’s why I myself have more questions than you do. The more you learn , the more questions you have. You will never learn enough ,you know. ” 注釋 1. Greece西臘 patience耐心 opportunity機(jī)會(huì) 2. He was so well known for his good knowledge of almost everything that lots of people from all over the country came to learn from him. 他因?yàn)闊o(wú)所不知的豐富知識(shí)而聞名，以至全國(guó)各地的人都來(lái)向他求教。 3. The more you learn , the more questions you have. 你學(xué)得越多，你的問(wèn)題就越多。 字?jǐn)?shù) 223 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 4. 5 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. The learned man drew two circles to show _____. A. he was good at drawing circles B. his knowledge had something to do with the circles C. why he had more questions than the students D. how he could get more knowledge 2. The student didn’t agree that ______. A. the teacher had so many questions as a learned man B. the teacher had so many questions C. the students had fewer questions than the teacher D. the students had more questions than 0the teacher 3. The teacher was famous for his ______. A. kindness B. knowledge C. patience D. questions 4. From the passage we can learn that_____. A. the more questions we have, the more knowledge we may get B. it’s never too old to learn C. every one of us should try to be a learned man D. a teacher should have many questions 5. Which of the following shows us what the teacher drew? Key: 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A [材料9] Many people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, politics, geography, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. School education is very important and useful . Yet, no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves. It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to memorize some facts or a formula. It is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem. Great scientists before us didn’t get everything from school . Their teachers only showed them the way. Edison did not even finish primary school. But they were all so successful. They invented so many things for mankind. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They read books that were not taught at school . They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Above all , they knew how to use their brain. 注釋 1. skill技能 memorize記憶 formula公式 brain大腦 2. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves. 所以更多的知識(shí)還要靠學(xué)生自己在校外學(xué)習(xí)。 3. wasting not a single moment 不浪費(fèi)片刻時(shí)間 。 分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨情況。 4. Above all , they knew how to use their brain. 最重要的是，他們知道如何動(dòng)腦筋。Above all 首要的 字?jǐn)?shù) 244 難度系數(shù) 要求時(shí)間 5 實(shí)際時(shí)間 1. People go to school to _______. A. learn several subjects B. make a living C. get an education D. to learn a skill 2. According to the passage, the most important thing a teacher should do is________. A. to teach his students everything he knows B. to know everything C. to teach the students how to think D. to teach the students how to study by themselves 3. To work out a math problem ,you need to know ________. A. only a certain formula B. how to memorize some facts C. only some facts D. the method to work it out 4. Why were many scientists so successful? A. They received good education. B. They were very clever. C. They knew how to learn. D. They learned lots of facts and formulas. 5. How did great scientists study? A. They read a lot of books and asked many questions while reading. B. They did thousands of experiments. C. They always worked hard and never wasted time. D. All of the above. Key: 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D [材料10]