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1、 短文改錯新題型解答策略與技巧研究（附50篇原創(chuàng)練習(xí)）設(shè)錯的內(nèi)容多為我們在平常進行語言操練時常犯的錯誤。應(yīng)注重以下技巧： 注意分行的技巧性。上一行的末尾和下一行的開始，往往是我們?nèi)菀缀鲆暤牡胤?，不易找到錯誤所在，從而影響了改錯的成績。要密切關(guān)注行尾和行首的接連處，注意它們之間的語法關(guān)系或邏輯關(guān)系，盡快找到設(shè)錯點，從而盡快改正。 要以句子為單位而不是以行為單位進行判斷。改錯題的要求是每行找出一處錯誤，但在找錯時不能以行為單位來找，要以完整的句子為語言單位進行判斷。 注重上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。在短文改錯題中，有時設(shè)錯的內(nèi)容與短文上下評議的時態(tài)、人稱等有密切的關(guān)系，如果只從一個單句來考慮，而不關(guān)注上
2、下文的各種邏輯關(guān)系，就可能造成判斷失誤，增加失分的因素。 4在逐行尋查錯誤時應(yīng)著重注意看句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，看習(xí)慣用法固定搭配是否正確，看上下文邏輯是否合理，看主謂是否一致，時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否正確，冠詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞以及關(guān)系詞的使用是否得當。細節(jié)性注意點： （1）名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，是否不可數(shù)名詞，注意前后的修飾詞或結(jié)構(gòu)。 （2）動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、第三人稱單數(shù)、非謂語形式、虛擬、邏輯關(guān)系。 （3）介詞、副詞搭配是否得當。 （4）形容詞與副詞的形式是否錯用、結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確、修飾詞是否恰當。 （5）代詞的性、數(shù)、主賓格。 （6）數(shù)詞是否準確，是基數(shù)詞還是序數(shù)詞。 （7）冠詞。 （8）分清簡單句、復(fù)合句
3、和并列句。 （9）分清是何種復(fù)合句。 （10）句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 （11）狀語從句的連詞、時態(tài)、虛擬語氣。 （12）定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞以及主語與謂語一致關(guān)系。 （13）名詞性從句中的連詞選擇、省略、虛擬。 （14）特殊句型。省略、重復(fù)與替代。 （15）非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的主動與被動、一般與完成、邏輯主語、并列與修飾。動詞不定式 中的省略問題。破題技巧：做該錯題要學(xué)會化整為零。也就是說，將整段文字先劃分為若干小句子，做到心中要數(shù)，在逐句逐行地改錯。一般按句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的成分逐一改。（1）看看時態(tài)是否一致。（2）看看主謂是否一致。（3）看看代詞是否一致。（4）看看句子中的謂語是否完整。（
4、5）看看是否該用被動語態(tài)。（6）看看從句的連接詞是否用 對了。（7）看看從句中的謂語完整了嗎？歸納短文改錯錯誤類型:(一) 詞法的測試1.名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語是否一致。1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. Hobby是可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；playing football是一項運動，football只是一種球； sing和listen to 要用動名詞形式2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運動講是不可數(shù)名詞，do exerci
5、se作主語要用動名詞形式，謂動用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞， 這里要用名詞形式。3) Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. 代詞：對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。、1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代，故應(yīng)將her改為him. 2).This is the best film whic
6、h I have ever seen.先行詞前有最高級修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。3. 冠詞：英語中只有三個冠詞，但用起來卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯中，錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用，不該用時卻用了；該用an用了a，該用a(n)卻用了the.1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a.2) I like playing the football. 去the 3) He is a honest boy. a改為an4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配，介詞慣用
7、詞組等是否正確。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配，故應(yīng)將with 改為for.2) Im the happiest in all.此句想表達的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為 of.3) Under the help of my father, I under 改為 with4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改為on5. 形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出
8、現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤用也是常考的改錯項目之一。1) I had not interest in English .interest是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞no來修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)此處有Ive ever seen限定，應(yīng)用最高級，故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改為easily.4) These bo
9、oks are very worth reading. 用well 修飾6. 連詞：短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前
10、句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。 2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折，所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。7. 動詞：動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考查比例較大。1) 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)a. I will write again
11、 and send you the photos we take together.take photos動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用過去時.b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根據(jù)本句意義，should后應(yīng)加上been，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改為 play; for 改為with2) 易混動詞使用錯誤a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but
12、he didnt listen.persuade 意為“說服”，強調(diào)成功的結(jié)果，而根據(jù)下句 he didnt listen可知，勸說并沒有成功，故應(yīng)改persuaded為 advised.b. You please rise your hands.rise是不及物動詞，而raise是及物動詞，所以舉手應(yīng)用raise your hands.這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。3) 非謂語動詞使用錯誤a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.look forward to 中的to是介詞，應(yīng)加動名詞，將see改為seeing
13、.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動詞原形，不能直接用to.8. 詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后
14、多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配3) I thought that was dull to watch a game此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。4) the activities are not only enjoy
15、able and also helpful. 解析：not only but also為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將and 改為but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths. have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)6) He spends too much time play games. spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)(一) 詞法的測試1.名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語是否一致。2. 代詞：對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否
16、一致，?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。3. 冠詞：英語中只有三個冠詞，但用起來卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯中，錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用，不該用時卻用了；該用an用了a，該用a(n)卻用了the.4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配，介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。5.容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤用也是?？嫉母腻e項目之一。6. 連詞：短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是
17、否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as。7. 動詞：動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。8. 詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中
18、的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。(二) 句法的測試：1主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is2名詞性從句；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞，在從句中無任何意義，而后面的賓語從句缺賓語，用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。 3定語從句；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改為 which4強調(diào)句型；It is/was +被強調(diào)的部
19、分+that/who It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that5句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。(三)語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括：1上下文中的時態(tài)是否一致；2上下文中的代詞是否一致；3上下文中的邏輯是否一致；4上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。(四) 注意問題：短文改錯時改“錯”，而不是把文中的表達法改成另外的表達形式。很多人對這個概念比較模糊。把原文中并沒有錯的形式改成了自己認可的另外一種形式，雖然改后的表達法也是對的，但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求，因而也不能得分。下面短文中共有10處錯誤，錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加
20、、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（），并在此符號下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分一When the accident was happened, I was standing near a bus stop. There I saw an old lady waiting a bus with her umbrella. The bus soon arrived at. There were too many passengers
21、 hurrying to get on it that the old lady couldnt get on. A driver closed the door without looking careful and drove away. Unluckily the old ladys umbrella was caught by the door. She shouted to the driver but he didnt hear. The bus pulled her along the road. Finally, she fall to the ground. Several
22、minutes late, the ambulance came and took her to hospital. I think the driver should be responsible for the accident.二Last week, we feel sorry to hear that our class teacher was ill. Afterwards, we had a discussion and decided manage on our own. During the followed days, all of us did a good job. No
23、ne of us late for school and we did morning exercise better than ever. In class, we gave a classroom a thoroughly cleaning to welcome her. Our monitor presented some flowers to her while she stepped onto the platform. Seeing the red flag for Weekly Model Class, she was happy but moved.三Li Ming went
24、to the park in last Saturday afternoon after he had already finished his homeworks. He saw several boys skating in the pond happily. Suddenly he heard a cry for help. Looked ahead, he found one of the boys had fallen into the water. Li Ming jumped into icy water immediately and tried to pull the boy
25、 to safety. Then the boy was given first aid but soon came to myself. The boys parents came soon after they received the phone call. They were very much thankful Li Ming, who was trembling there with cold.四My secret of staying young is simple: Keeping your mind awake and you will stay young all over
26、. Take interest in the world around you, and learn at least the new thing every day. Dont think that you are ever too young to go back to school. I know a man entered a medical college at 70. He got his degree with honors and became a famous doctor. Other man went to a law school at 71 and is now a
27、active lawyer. You may say that stayingyoung is easy only for that living in the future. In fact, you can do it whether you care enough to try to keep your mind awake and active, what is the only way to be always.五One day after school, on the way home, I happened see a little boy turning off a tap a
28、nd splashing water here and there on the ground. So with hesitation I went over and turned off the water. As we all know it, water is the source of life. Without water we human beings cant live. Otherwise they will disappear from the earth. Besides, there are a very limited water resource in our wor
29、ld. So we mustnt take some measures to getting rid of such wasteful habits. Everyone must save water so that development of the world and mankind can continue.六 Learning English is great importance. English is widely used all over the world. It was often used in the international meetings. Most busi
30、ness letters are written in English. With a help of English we can learn modern science and technology from the developed countries. We can also introduce our achievement and experiences to other countries. Because of their importance, English is a requiring subject in high schools and colleges. Now
31、 many people are working hardly at English. Its very important to learn English well. If we learn English well, we can serve for our country better. So I suggest most Chinese can learn it well.七 Locate in Conghua, the Temple, which covers and area of 900 square meters, are said to be built between 1
32、426 and 1435. After it was first built, much big repairs, were done in different dynasties, seven of them were recorded in words. This is first discovery of ancient buildings in our province with exact times. To let it survive, local villagers and government treasures the grand relic and protect it
33、with great care and repair it when is necessary. Because of their great efforts, in 2003, when the Temple was given first prize as cultural relic protection from the UN.八I eager to go to college because I know there is so many to learn about the world and about human beings. Knowledge is source of p
34、leasure for me. I want to study at a college for the fun to knowledge; I know college education can prepares me better for my future. Better education mean, more often then not, better jobs, better opportunities and better choices. I want to go to college because I know that our parents and other pe
35、ople care for me will be happy with that. Unless I can study at a nice university, I will make them happy. Id like not let them down. Thats why I must go to college.九Grain, which is used to be the main food of most people in China, is now playing a more important role. On the other hand, meat and fi
36、sh has increased rapidly. The changes in diet can be accounted by three main reason. First, people are much wealthier than before. By higher income, they can afford to buy good foods. Secondly, people have realized the importance of balanced diet to their health. Lack in certain amount of meat, for
37、example, will result in poor health. Finally, because of the economic reform, meat, chicken, fish or milk, which were scarce in the past, were produced in large quantities now. we believe that as far as the effort continues in reform and development, there will be greater changes in peoples diet in
38、the future. 十My mother is a village woman, who is already in fifties. She had very little education, and she knows knowledge is of very importance to young people. She often asks me how I get along with my studies and encourages me study hard. My mother does everything she can for me so that I can s
39、pend more time with my study. Once she was bad ill and had stayed in bed for several days. When I got home, I found the light was still off and mother was sitting in bed, made new clothes for me! I was so deeply moved that tear came to my eyes. So is my mother, a kind and hard-working woman.十一One co
40、ld winter day in 1900, a small boy was called Charles Chaplin was walked along the street in London. He doesnt have breakfast or lunch. He wanted to buy some bread, and he didnt have any money. His father died since he was very young. His mother was often very sick, so she could take care of Charles
41、 or his brother. Neither of them had to work to help his mother. He was very young but his dream was very big. He wanted to be great man in the world of films. So he worked very hardly.十二Good health is the persons most valuable possession. Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it was the past.
42、 Modern people know more than health, have better food, and live in clean surroundings. Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. As a result, people in the modern world generall
43、y live longer than people is used to. People in developed countries can expect to live for twice as long as people who lived a little hundred years ago.十三I will never forget the story that happens on a bus the other day. It was a windy day. I got off a bus after school. A young lady was standing the
44、 next to me. Suddenly, a strong wind blew inside the windows. The ladys false hair has blown away. To our surprise, he was hairless. While she was wondering what to do, when many passengers laughed loudly. She managed to hold back her tears. Saw this, I picked up her false hair and said, “ Dont be s
45、adness, Miss. Im sure your hair will grow again.” When I glanced the other passengers, they all quick bent their heads with shame.十四There are many more theaters in London. Some of them offer standby tickets, than is that they have any seats leave on the day of the performance, they sell it to studen
46、ts at a lower price. You need an official students card to get a standby ticket. But there is a performance you really want to see, its a good idea to buy seats in advance to sure of getting in. You can either phone and go to the box office to see if they have seats for the performance they want to
47、see.十五One day a doctor was start his work in the morning. Suddenly a man ran in his room. His face was red. He could only say“Quick ! Quick !” The doctor thought he be ill. His assistant helped to make the poor man sitting in a chair. The doctor gave the man some medicine make him sleepy. Then, he l
48、ooked into the mans mouth and pulled out all the bad tooths. As soon as the man woke up he said in low voice,“ Quick, doctor, quick!” “ its all right now,” the doctor told to him. “ its over.”“you dont understand,” said the man, “ I came to tell you that your house was in fire.”十六A number of the tra
49、ffic accidents has been growing in recent years. According to the data, in October 2007, the number of accidents had reached 600,250, in that 98,000 people lost their lives. While the number of cars makes up only 2% of the total of the world, the rate of the deaths are 22%, make China a country with
50、 the highest death rate of traffic accidents in the world. The main reason why so many traffic accidents have been happened is that the roads are too crowed and people ignore traffic rules. So as to reduce the traffic accident, the government should take some proper measure, such as developing publi
51、c traffic. And people should obey traffic rules, specially the drivers. Only people have decided to take action will traffic problems be solved. 十七In the past, teachers always kept on to explaining the points in class. Our students just listened and take notes. But now we often discuss and try to so
52、lve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves. After class, we enjoy different kind of activities instead of doing endless homework. For example, we can read that we are interested in. We can go to the library and surf the Internet for variously kinds of information. In my opinion, exploring
53、 study does not help us learn much, but also make us to enjoy study and become masters of study.十八Dear Peter, Im writing to ask for whether youre able to do me a favor. I want having a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similarly to mine. In my mind, she is someon
54、e who is interested traveling, swimming, and play table tennis. With so a pen friend, I hope I can share with her our experience in hobbies, taking care of pets or whichever we have in common. And I believe I would improve my English by doing so and I will learn more about my country. I am looking f
55、orward to hearing of you soon. Best regards!十九Everyone in the world want to succeed. In fact, an opportunity comes every once in a while. On most of occasions, it appears without noticed. Only when the opportunity has left us do we realize that we have lost one. Some people know the importance of op
56、portunities. They know an opportunity is factor in achieving success. So they are always ready an opportunity when it arrives. However, other people give in the efforts to seek opportunities and grasp them. They are used to wait for opportunities and only the more intelligent and hardworking people
57、seize them.二十Walking through the deep snow is hardly work. But Canadas native people have discovered snowshoes to make walking in winter much easier, which is made of wood and leather. Snowshoes can spread their weight over a large area and this allows them to float on top of the soft snow instead s
58、inking. Snowshoes were very important to Canadas early settler. They made possible for the settlers to get away in the winter. Today we had snowmobiles but snowshoes are still very popular. Hunters and many of other people use them for winter travel outdoors and bird watching when they have to walki
59、ng far into the mountains.二十一If you look in some public place, you will see that most smokers are young people, still middle school students. It is said that in China the number of people who smoke is about 45 percents of the population. Why do such many people smoke? Some think that smoking is a pl
60、easure. In fact, smoking is a bad habit. It does great harmful to peoples health. Studies of smoking shows that many kinds of diseases are related to smoking. Smoking for itself is a waste. It costs one too much money. Besides, many fires often caused by careless smokers. Today, more and more people
61、 all over the world had begun to give up smoke. If you are not a smoker, dont start.二十二Dear Sir, Thank you for your offer of invite me to the summer English course in your school. As for your choice between the two courses, I prefer the four week course for 60 hours of study. Because of this would a
62、llow me more times to do some travelling and make a few new friends either. Of all the subjects Im learning at school, I like English best. I had been learning English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poorly. So I hope to take this chance to improve it. If is possible, Id like to stay with
63、a family for a couple of days in order I can know some customs in England. I believe I will have wonderful time this summer.二十三While Xiao Ming with his father were sleeping one night, a thief his face was covered with a piece of cloth entered into the room quietly, holding a knife in his hand. Altho
64、ugh he tried to walk as quietly as possibly, Xiao Ming and his father were waken up. Realized what had happened, they fought brave against the thief. Suddenly an idea came into Xiao Mings mind. He throw a drawing pin on the floor which the thief might pass. As expected, the thief stepped on the pin but was hurt badly. Screaming in great pain, the thief fell down. Xiao Ming and his father took chance to tie the thief up.二十四People all know the old saying which eyes are the windows of our soul, but many students pay attention to eye protection
2015年高考英語 50篇短文改錯練習(xí)新題型解答策略與技巧研究
