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1、2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第10講 定語從句學(xué)案1. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. (xx浙江卷) A. which B. what C. them D. those 【答案及解析】1. A考查非限制性定語從句。從逗號可以看出。前面主句不缺成分,故后面部分一定為狀語或定語從句,根據(jù)句意可以判斷出后面是定語從句,cultures即先行詞,排除B(并非名詞性從句)、C(代詞,引導(dǎo)從句不當(dāng))、D(副詞,詞不達(dá)意)。2. A bank
2、 is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (xx浙江卷) A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案及解析】2. C考查定語從句。主句主系表結(jié)構(gòu)俱全,后面一定是起修飾作用的定語或狀語從句,從句意可知是定語從句,且先行詞即place。而從句也不缺成分,因此用連接副詞where在從句中代替place充當(dāng)狀語。3. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, m
3、any of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (xx浙江卷) A. whom B. which C. them D. those【答案及解析】3. A考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。由many之后的逗號和選項特征可知,此處是主從句關(guān)系,排除C、D項。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”,表示人,故用whom。句意為:這里居住著將近1000人,他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活了。4. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decis
4、ions of my own. (xx浙江卷) A. which B. where C. how D. why 【答案及解析】4. B考查定語從句,先行詞是a point,且在從句中作地點狀語,故用where。定語從句與引導(dǎo)詞 1. 關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose。在定語從句中作主語、賓語和表語,whose作定語。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose。如:That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see. (whom,who,that代人,在定語從句中作賓語
5、,可省略)A dictionary is a useful book which(that) tells us the meaning of words. (which或that代物,在定語從句中作主語)2. 關(guān)系副詞有:when(指時間),where(指地點),why(指原因),在定語從句中作狀語。如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)The house where they live is not very large. This is the reason why he did not e to the
6、meeting. 注意:不是所有表時間的先行詞都用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,不是所有表地點的先行詞都用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:Well visit the factory which(that) makes radios. (which或that在定語從句中作主語,where不可作主語,故不可用。)They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. (which或that在定語從句中作spent的賓語,when不可作賓語,故不可用。) 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1. 限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號
7、分開,修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞詞組或代詞;2. 非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開,可以修飾主句中的某一個詞,也可修飾整個句子。3. 非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。Li Pings father, who_works_in_a_factory,_is an engineer. He tore up my photo, which_made_me_very_angry. (which指代主句內(nèi)容,指他撕毀我照片這件事。)He is good at physics, as is known to us all. (as指代主句內(nèi)容,指他物理很好這件事
8、。) which與as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 1. which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面主句中講到的整件事。引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在句首。She didnt e yesterday, which made me very angry. 2. as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,來指代整件事,引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首也可放在句中,有“正如”的意思。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. He came in time, as we expected. 注意:在as is known to all, as we all know,as is exp
9、ected, as is mentioned above, as it is這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which。which與as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場合1. 只用that引導(dǎo)的場合(1)當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時:He talked about the_men_and_the_books that attracted him. (2)指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時:These are the very points that interest me. (3)指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時
10、:The first_ step that we are to take is very difficult. (4)先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much及everything,anything,nothing等時:There is still much that can be done about it. (5)先行詞是who時:Who that have seen him does not like him?(6)為了避免重復(fù)時:They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that cou
11、ld cause pollution. (7)先行詞在句中作表語而且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中也作表語時:Shanghai is not the city that it used to be. 易錯易混點1. “介詞關(guān)系代詞”用法 (1)介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣性搭配,如: Who is the girl with whom you just shook_hands?(shake hands with是習(xí)慣性搭配) (2)介詞常受先行詞的制約(即介詞和先行詞的搭配),如: He built a telescope through which he could study the ski
12、es. (through which 即study through the telescope)(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動詞介詞”固定短語的賓語時,此時固定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前。如: This is the watch which youre looking_for. He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend_on. 2. 幾個名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞 (1) situation, stage, case, point,occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析,作主語、賓語、表語用that/which;作狀語用where/when/介詞 wh
13、ich。 Can you imagine a situation where/in_which you can use the word?(狀語) There is one point that I must insist on. (賓語)(2) way(方式,方法)后常用in which或that或how引導(dǎo)定語從句,也可省略。 Do you know the_way (in which/that/how) he worked out the problem? (3)“the same名詞”,“such名詞”,“as名詞”后通常用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。 I have the same dictionary as you (have). Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.