canada加拿大地理和移民

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1、Canada,TheLandandthePeople,FourAtlanticProvinces,Newfoundland紐芬蘭NovaScotian新斯科舍PrinceEdwardIsland愛(ài)德華王子島NewBrunswich新布瑞克,BeforeColumbusVikingcontact(Newfoundland)LeifEricssonfromIcelandAfterColumbusBasquecodfishermenandwhalers(LabradorandNewfoundland)15thcenturyFrenchbeginningwithJacquesCartierin1534

2、settlementsalongtheSt.LawrenceandintheMaritimesPortugueseandSpanishexplorersBritainalsohadapresenceinNewfoundland,claimedthesouthofNovaScotiaaswellastheareasaroundtheHudsonBay,Qubec,80%ofpeopleinQubecareFrench-speaking.1/3ofCanadasmanufacturedgoodsareproduced.QuietfarmsandvillagesThewhitetowersofthe

3、parishchurches,ChamplainfoundedQuebecCityin1608,itbecamethecapitalofNewFranceWhilethecoastalcommunitieswerebaseduponthecodfishery,theeconomyoftheinteriorrevolvedaroundbeaverfur,whichwaspopularinEurope.FrenchvoyageurstreatedeuropeanmanufacturinggoodswiththenativesforfursBy1760NewFrancehadapopulationo

4、fonlysome70,000.In1763BritishrenamedCanadaProvinceofQuebecIn1774,OntarioThemostprosperousprovinceinCanada,NiagaraPeninsulaone-thirdofthenationsagriculturalwealthNorth:forestsandminesSouth:ThepulseoftheprovinceNiagaraFalls,Toronto,Oshawa“GoldenHorseshoe”isthelargestmanufacturingregioninCanada.Toronto

5、,TheBritishestablishedtradingpostsonHudsonBayinthelate17thcenturyandbeganastrugglefordominationofOntario.The1763TreatyofParisendedtheSevenYearsWarbyawardingnearlyallofFrancesNorthAmericanpossessions(NewFrance)toBritain.AmericanrevolutionIn1791LowerCanadaAfter1812War,rebelmovementIn1840,combinationof

6、ProvinceofCanadaIn1867,ProvinceofCanadawasdividedintoQuebecandOntarioToronto,NorthwestTerritoriesandtheYukon,Thenorthmakesup40%ofCanadasareaOnly100,000peopleinthatvastArcticregionGovernedpartlybyOttawaHalfareaboriginalpeoples,ThePrairieprovinces,SouthwestManitoba馬尼托巴Saskatchewan薩斯克徹溫Alberta艾伯塔Theywe

7、relargelysettledbyEuropeansintheearlyyearsofthiscentury.,Inthe18thto19thcentury,theonlyimmigrationwesternCanadaorRupertsLandsawwasearlyFrenchCanadianNorthWestCompanyfurtradersfromeasternCanada,andtheScots,EnglishAdventurersandExplorersrepresentingtheHudsonsBayCompanywhoarrivedviaHudsonBay.Ministerof

8、theInteriorinchargeofimmigration,enactedCanadashomesteadingact,theDominionLandsAct,in1872.AhugewaveofimmigrantstoTheLast,BestWest“Manitobaallowedtobecomeaprovincein1870,ImmigrationbrieflyceasedtotheWestduringtheNorthWestRebellionof1885.PopulationsofSaskatchewanandAlbertawereeligibleforprovincialstat

9、usin1905.Immigrationcontinuedtoincreasethroughtotheroaringtwenties.Amassexodusaffectedtheprairiesduringthedirtythirtiesdepressionyearsandtheprairieshaveneveragainregainedtheimpetusoftheimmigrationwaveseenintheearly20thcentury.,BritishColumbia,BeyondtheRockiesRichinnaturalresourceswater,forests,miner

10、alsAbundanthydroelectricpowertheU.SRapidlygrowingmanufact-uringindustryAquietoldworldcharm,In1793AlexanderMackenzieBritishinlandareasofsovereigntyIn1818ColumbiaDistrictIn1846In1849ColonyofVancouverIsland,VictoriaasthecapitalDuringthe1860s,theGoldRushColonyofBritishColumbia,TheopeningoftheCPRanewwave

11、ofimmigrationThecreationofVancouverandothernewerurbansettlementsTheopeningoftheCNRthroughtheCentralInteriorAsimilarwaveofsettlementanddevelopment1871.7.20CanadianConfederation,MigrationfromtheBritishcontinuedthroughoutthe19thcentury.By1990,60%wasBritishand30%wasFrench.Between1930and1945theGreatDepre

12、ssion,theSecondWorldWar20yearsafterAslateas1961,97%ofCanadiansareofEuropeanoriginButinthe1960stheracialbarriersbegantocomedown.Bythemid-1970sAsiaandThirdWorldcountriesBythe1980sand1990s70%fromAsia,theCaribbean,LatinAmericaandAfrica,CulturalmosaicDiscriminationBytheearly1990sCanadianswereobviouslyamb

13、ivalentabouttheimpactofthelatestwaveofimmigrationonCanadiansociety.“AmixtureofdifferentlifestylesandculturesmakesCanadaamoreattractiveplacetolive”“Toomanyimmigrants”“TheyfeelnoobligationtoadapttoCanadianvaluesandwayoflife”,TheinfluxofvisibleminorityCanadiansischangingthefaceofmanyofoururbanneighborh

14、oodswithoutunderminingthestructureofCanadiansociety.TheprocessisslowbutpainfulTherealchallengeismoreaboutthenegativeattitudesandsometimesracistbehaviorofmanymainstreamCanadians.Butthegovernment,too,mustrealizethatdramaticincreasesinimmigrationmaketheprocessofadjustmentandaccommodationonallsidesmoredifficult.Toleranceandaccommodationareessential,however,forthecoursehasbeensetandthehumanfaceofCanadahasbeenalteredforever.,Thanks,