任務(wù)型閱讀 (3)

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1、任務(wù)型閱讀 一、題型特征 任務(wù)型閱讀通常采用一篇300～500詞左右的短文或表格的考查形式，所選取的短文通常是英語文學(xué)作品、科普文章、公告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章。其表格呈現(xiàn)形式常常為：對比推進(jìn)式的表格類或先總后分式的樹狀類。 考生閱讀后應(yīng)能對文中的有效信息進(jìn)行篩選、整合和綜合概括，然后準(zhǔn)確、有序地完成表格的空缺(根據(jù)說明，一空只填一詞)。這不僅要求考生具有較好的語篇理解能力，同時還必須具有獲取有效信息、把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的能力；在解題過程中，考生還必須具備較扎實的詞法和句法知識，因為所填寫的單詞不僅要準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)意思，還必須在詞性和詞形上與上下文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致或匹配。

2、 該題型的出現(xiàn)不僅有利于考查學(xué)生把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、綜合處理信息的能力，體現(xiàn)出了新課改通過增加客觀表達(dá)題作出的努力，同時也對英語教學(xué)和高考復(fù)習(xí)提出了極高的要求。 二、題型分類 (1) 原詞重現(xiàn)：比較題干和原文所提供的信息，通過定位該題在文章中的位置即可找到答案，該答案一般為原詞。 (2012·江蘇卷)原文：But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target，you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last

3、long. →As a matter of fact，your (77)________ won't keep your happiness long (2) 詞性轉(zhuǎn)化：分析題干，確定該空詞性，然后根據(jù)信息源，找出所需轉(zhuǎn)化的詞匯，最后通過語法、結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的要求提煉出新詞。 (2012·江蘇卷)原文：In an analysis of 225 academic studies，researchers found strong evidence of cause－and－effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful

4、business outcomes. →The “happiness advantage”effect is (78)________ proved by research findings (3)固定搭配：根據(jù)題干和原文的語境和句意，通過語法、結(jié)構(gòu)、搭配等方面的分析，對答案加以推斷。 (2012·江蘇卷)原文概括：Burt's Bees' then－CEO，John Wolfgang，took a different approach.Each day，he'd send out an e－mail praising a team member for work related to

5、global marketing.He'd interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company's values.He asked me to further a three－h(huán)our session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort... →John Wolfgang was (73)________ of his assistants' feel

6、ings　 (4) 總結(jié)概括：做該類型題時，需根據(jù)表格中所對應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容來進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，概括出答案，要求較高。 (2010·江蘇卷)原文概括：When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate on ocean voyages，even under cloudy skies. →The (78)________ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compas

7、s 原因和結(jié)果 cause(s) (of…..); reason(s)( for….); effect(s); result(s); consequence(s) 態(tài)度觀點 attitude(s) ( to/ towards…); opinion(s) (on/about….) 比較 comparison(s) between A and B 異同 difference(s); similarity(similarities) 優(yōu)劣 benefit(s); (dis)advantage(s); 目的 purpose(s); aim(s) 建議預(yù)計 Advic

8、e/ sution(s)/tip(s) 問題 problem(s) 方式方法 means (of….); method(s)(of…) ; way(s)(to do); approach(es)(to doing) ; solution(s) to sth; how (to do….) 總結(jié)概括 summary; conclusion 特點 feature (s); characteristic(s) 重要意義 significance; importance; meaning 定義主題 definition; theme; topic 來源用途 source; o

9、rigin; use(s); usage; function(s) 種類 kind(s); type(s); category( categories) 步驟過程 steps; procedures; process 措施行動 measures; steps; action(s) 評論評價反應(yīng) comment(s)(on/about…); remark(s)(on/upon); assessment; response (to .sth) ; reaction(to sth) 背景信息簡介 background information(on/ about….); brief

10、 introduction(to…) 事件時間地點 event(s); time; place 和人有關(guān)的名詞 birthday, birthplace, death, nationality, education, appearance, salary, activity(activities); achievement(s) 和地方有關(guān)的名詞 a place of interest, a tourist attraction, tourism, destination, area, location, history, climate, population, culture—

11、cultural, politics—political; economy—economic; custom(s), tradition(s), transport/ transportation; the living conditions 和疾病有關(guān)的名詞 definition; cause(s), symptom(s); prevention; treatment(s) 三、解題思路 第一步：讀懂短文主要意思、了解文章大意。這是解題的第一環(huán)，也是關(guān)鍵的一步。只有讀懂了文章，才能順利地在表格中填出相關(guān)的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小標(biāo)題，要特別注意小標(biāo)題，它通常是段

12、落和表格的主題句。讀懂了標(biāo)題有助于理解短文和表格的大意和結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二步：理清短文主體結(jié)構(gòu)、了解短文的寫作思路和線索結(jié)構(gòu)。這有助于加深對篇章內(nèi)容的理解，同時短文的結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是很重要的命題線索，表格項目基本上就是根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)計的。 第三步：分析完表格后細(xì)讀文章，確定答案。仔細(xì)閱讀文章，尋找相關(guān)信息及關(guān)鍵詞。學(xué)會推理判斷，力爭返回原文，找出文章哪一部分與題目相關(guān)，抓住關(guān)鍵詞語，以此為線索，在文中找出相關(guān)的詞、句、句群，進(jìn)行歸納，巧妙運用轉(zhuǎn)換，進(jìn)而推出答案。 第四步：檢查答案。主要檢查字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合要求，所填內(nèi)容與原文意思是否保持通順一致，句意是否連貫，是否符合語法規(guī)則等。 【真題回顧】

13、(2013·江蘇卷) Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious The everyday signs of conscientiousness(認(rèn)真盡責(zé))—being punctual, careful in doing work, self－disciplined, and scrupulous(一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep th

14、ings running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on dead

15、line. Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi－skilled labour to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower level

16、s of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time. Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(緩沖) agai

17、nst the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on. There is an air around highly conscie

18、ntious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers' evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict. But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills

19、 can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don't show the same high levels of model behaviour. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely con

20、scientious, for example, tended to criticize co－workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships. When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or adve

21、rtising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness. Quiet Virtue:

22、The conscientious Features of conscientiousness Conscientious people are very (71) _________ with themselves. Conscientious people are very (72) _________to others. (73) _____________ of conscientiousness Conscientiousness keeps an organization (74) ______ smoothly. Conscientious employe

23、es at the lower levels give outstanding (75)____________. The most conscientious salespersons usually have the largest volume of sales. Conscientious employees re less likely to be (76)____________. Possible (77)____________ with conscientiousness Employers’ evaluations of the work of conscientious people can be (78)____________. Conscientious people without social skills tend to have (79)_____________ relationships with their fellow workers. Conscientiousness can (80)___________ creativity, especially in professions calling for imagination.