泵體加工專用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)—鉆8-M10底孔組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)【組合機(jī)床】
泵體加工專用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)鉆8-M10底孔組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)【組合機(jī)床】,組合機(jī)床,泵體加工專用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)鉆8-M10底孔組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)【組合機(jī)床】,加工,專用,機(jī)床,設(shè)計(jì),m10,底孔,組合
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目: 泵體加工專用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì) 鉆8-M10底孔組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院 名 稱: 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè): 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué) 生 姓 名: 學(xué)號(hào): 指 導(dǎo) 教 師: 1設(shè)計(jì)(論文)擬解決的主要問(wèn)題本設(shè)計(jì)擬解決的主要問(wèn)題是泵體加工(見零件圖)的專用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì),此課題要求3人一組共同完成,該生主要任務(wù)為鉆8-M10底孔的組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì),工件材料HT200,生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)為18000件/年,單班制生產(chǎn)。要求在滿足加工要求的前提下,降低成本,提高生產(chǎn)率。2設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的主要內(nèi)容和基本要求1)主要內(nèi)容本設(shè)計(jì)是進(jìn)一步培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決工程實(shí)踐問(wèn)題的能力,主要內(nèi)容是設(shè)計(jì)泵體加工的專用機(jī)床,該生主要任務(wù)為鉆8-M10底孔的組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)。2)基本要求關(guān)鍵技術(shù):機(jī)床的布局形式,機(jī)床的傳動(dòng)方案,確定運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)和動(dòng)力參數(shù),繪制加工示意圖,機(jī)床的聯(lián)系尺寸,生產(chǎn)率的計(jì)算。主要技術(shù)參數(shù):要求生產(chǎn)率高,孔加工精度8-M10-7H。圖紙數(shù)量:鉆孔專用機(jī)床的總裝圖,多軸箱等的裝配圖,總圖量不得小于3張A0圖紙。圖樣質(zhì)量:計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖,符合最新標(biāo)準(zhǔn);表達(dá)完整,布局勻稱;裝配合理、尺寸齊全、技術(shù)要求全面;零件圖注意結(jié)構(gòu)要素和加工工藝性。設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書要求:機(jī)床布局和傳動(dòng)的分析選擇、受力分析、強(qiáng)度、剛度,必要的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算。設(shè)計(jì)推導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)明扼要;計(jì)算正確可靠。避免冗長(zhǎng),嚴(yán)禁抄襲。3推薦參考文獻(xiàn)1李云.機(jī)械制造工藝及設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)M. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2007.12孫大涌.先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)手冊(cè)M. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2002.23 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué), 北京理工大學(xué). 機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)M. 北京,科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 1980. 4 Markus A,Markusek E,F(xiàn)arkas J.Fixture Design using Prologan Expert System J。Int J Robotics CIMS,1984,1(2)-167-72.5 Ferreira PM,Liu CR. Generation of Work Piece Orientations for Machining Using a Rule-based System. Int J Robotics CIMS,1988,5. 寧XX學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)泵體加工專用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)鉆8-M10底孔組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)所在學(xué)院專 業(yè)班 級(jí)姓 名學(xué) 號(hào)指導(dǎo)老師 年 月 日摘要應(yīng)用組合機(jī)床加工大批量零件,快捷高效,生產(chǎn)效率高是機(jī)械加工的發(fā)展方向。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的題目是“泵體加工專用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)鉆8-M10底孔組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)”。在工藝制定過(guò)程中,通過(guò)批量的進(jìn)行鉆底孔的加工方案,并尋求最佳的工藝方案,借此說(shuō)明了工藝在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的重要性。本人的設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容是:進(jìn)行了機(jī)床總體布局設(shè)計(jì);對(duì)機(jī)床的進(jìn)給和傳動(dòng)部分進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì);結(jié)合實(shí)例,介紹了夾具設(shè)計(jì)方法;通過(guò)此設(shè)計(jì),本機(jī)床完全能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,與傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)床相比,本機(jī)床具有自動(dòng)化程度高,生產(chǎn)率高,精度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞:組合機(jī)床;鉆底孔;夾具設(shè)計(jì);手動(dòng)24AbstractKeywords: combination machine; drill hole; fixture design; manual目 錄摘要IIAbstractIII1 緒論11.1 組合機(jī)床的簡(jiǎn)介11.2本課題國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況22 組合機(jī)床的總體設(shè)計(jì)42.1 組合機(jī)床方案的制定42.1.1 制定工藝方案42.1.2 確定組合機(jī)床的配置形式和結(jié)構(gòu)方案。42.2 確定切削用量及選擇刀具62.2.1 確定工序間余量62.2.2 選擇切削用量62.2.3 確定切削力、切削扭矩、切削功率62.2.4 選擇刀具結(jié)構(gòu)72.3 鉆孔組合機(jī)床總設(shè)計(jì)“三圖一卡”的編制72.3.1 被加工零件工序圖72.3.2 加工示意圖92.3.3 機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖132.3.4 生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡182.4 多軸箱的設(shè)計(jì)162.4.1 繪制多軸箱設(shè)計(jì)原始依據(jù)圖162.4.2 齒輪模數(shù)選擇182.4.3 多軸箱的傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)182.4.4 繪制傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖202.4.8 傳動(dòng)零件的校核21結(jié)論22致 謝23參考文獻(xiàn)241 緒論1.1 組合機(jī)床的簡(jiǎn)介組合機(jī)床是以通用部件為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)特定的形狀和工件的加工工藝及夾具設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特,組成的半自動(dòng)或自動(dòng)機(jī)床。組合機(jī)床一般采用多軸,多刀,多進(jìn)程,多或多級(jí)處理,生產(chǎn)效率幾倍比普通機(jī)床高幾倍。由于通用部件已經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化,可根據(jù)需要靈活配置,能縮短設(shè)計(jì)和制造周期。因此,組合機(jī)床兼有低成本和高效率的優(yōu)點(diǎn),已廣泛應(yīng)用于大批量,大批量生產(chǎn),并可用于組成自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線。組合機(jī)床一般用于加工箱體零件或特殊形狀的。工件的加工,一般不旋轉(zhuǎn),相對(duì)進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的刀具的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和刀具和工件,來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)鉆孔,擴(kuò)孔,鉆孔,擴(kuò)孔,鉆孔,銑削平面,內(nèi)、外螺紋切削加工圓等。夾緊工件的加工頭旋轉(zhuǎn)組合機(jī)床,由刀具作進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng),也可達(dá)到一定的旋轉(zhuǎn)部件(如飛輪,汽車后橋等)的循環(huán)和過(guò)程。在第二十世紀(jì)70年代,隨著可轉(zhuǎn)位刀具,刀具的發(fā)展密度,孔尺寸自動(dòng)檢測(cè)和自動(dòng)刀具補(bǔ)償技術(shù),提高組合機(jī)床的加工精度。高達(dá)0.08毫米和1000毫米的銑削平面,表面粗糙度可達(dá)2.8 0.63微米低;鏜孔精度可以達(dá)到IT7 6,孔距精度可達(dá)o.03 o.02微型計(jì)。專用機(jī)床是隨著汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起發(fā)展。在專用機(jī)床的某些部分重復(fù)使用,并逐漸發(fā)展成一個(gè)通用部件,導(dǎo)致在一個(gè)組合機(jī)床。組合機(jī)床是最早的1911在美國(guó),為汽車零部件加工。在每臺(tái)機(jī)器的開始,本廠有他們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通用部件。為了提高互換性通用不同配件廠,方便了用戶的使用和維修,1983美國(guó)福特汽車公司和通用汽車公司和美國(guó)機(jī)械廠協(xié)商,確定組合機(jī)床通用部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的原則,嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定尺寸的組件之間的接觸,但部分結(jié)構(gòu)未指定。組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì),基本上有兩種方式:一,目前是根據(jù)處理對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)專門設(shè)計(jì)的,這是最常見的做法。其次,在組合機(jī)床廣泛用于機(jī)械行業(yè)在我國(guó),大多數(shù)的工人和技術(shù)人員總結(jié)生產(chǎn)和使用組合機(jī)床的經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)不在其組件共同組合機(jī),可設(shè)計(jì)成通用的部件,和一些行業(yè)是一個(gè)組合機(jī)床的加工范圍完成極為相似,它是可能的設(shè)計(jì)的,通用機(jī)床,機(jī)床被稱為“專業(yè)的組合機(jī)床”。本機(jī)不根據(jù)具體的處理對(duì)象都需要特殊的設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn),可設(shè)計(jì)為多功能,組織大批量生產(chǎn),然后根據(jù)加工零件的具體需要,夾具和簡(jiǎn)單的切割工具,可以由一個(gè)特定的對(duì)象的高效加工設(shè)備。通用部件按功能可分為動(dòng)力元件,支撐部分,傳輸部分,控制部分和附件五。動(dòng)力裝置是用于組合機(jī)床主運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的部件。主電源箱,切削頭和動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)。支撐組件用于安裝動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu),一頭或夾具切割,側(cè)基,中間底座,支架,可調(diào)支架,立柱和立柱底座等。傳動(dòng)部分可用于運(yùn)輸或主軸箱的加工站組成,主要分度回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái),環(huán)形分度回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái),鼓和往復(fù)工作臺(tái)等??刂茊卧靡钥刂茩C(jī)床的自動(dòng)循環(huán)組成,液壓站,電氣柜和控制表。附件有潤(rùn)滑裝置,冷卻裝置和排屑裝置等。為了使組合機(jī)床能被用在小批量生產(chǎn)中,常常需要應(yīng)用成組技術(shù),集中在一臺(tái)組合機(jī)床類似零件的結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝,以提高機(jī)床的利用率。本機(jī)有兩種常見的,但主軸箱組合機(jī)床和機(jī)床刀架。組合機(jī)床未來(lái)的發(fā)展將更加調(diào)速電動(dòng)機(jī)和滾珠絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng),簡(jiǎn)化了結(jié)構(gòu),縮短生產(chǎn)周期時(shí)間;采用數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱,夾具自動(dòng)更換系統(tǒng),以提高工藝可調(diào)性;柔性制造系統(tǒng)和成。1.2本課題國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況在過(guò)去的20年中,組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線的技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步,在精密加工,自動(dòng)線的生產(chǎn)效率,巨大的進(jìn)步速度,靈活和綜合自動(dòng)化,是組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線技術(shù)的發(fā)展達(dá)到了很高的水平。自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展,線切割機(jī),及其他相關(guān)技術(shù),尤其是數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)自動(dòng)線的結(jié)構(gòu)變化和靈活性起著決定性的作用。隨著市場(chǎng)需求的變化,靈活的將越來(lái)越成為在設(shè)備選擇的重要因素。因此,組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線將面臨激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),包括高速加工中心的柔性制造系統(tǒng)。組合機(jī)床是一種專用的高自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)和設(shè)備,目前,它仍然是一個(gè)大量的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備和機(jī)械產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)高效,高質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn),因此被廣泛用于汽車,拖拉機(jī),柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和壓縮機(jī)等許多工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域。其中,特別是汽車工業(yè),是組合機(jī)床的最大用戶。如德國(guó)的大眾汽車廠在該發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠在機(jī)械行業(yè)中,大量生產(chǎn),大量使用的設(shè)備是組合機(jī)床。因此,組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化水平的技術(shù)性能,工業(yè)部門的生產(chǎn)效率的結(jié)構(gòu),產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和企業(yè)生產(chǎn)組織的決定在很大程度上,決定了其產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力在很大程度上?,F(xiàn)代組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線作為機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品,它是綜合反映驅(qū)動(dòng),控制,測(cè)量,監(jiān)測(cè),工具和機(jī)械組件技術(shù)。在過(guò)去的20年中,這些技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,在組合機(jī)床的汽車和內(nèi)燃機(jī)行業(yè)的主要用戶同樣也有很大的變化,產(chǎn)品生命周期縮短,增加品種和質(zhì)量改進(jìn)。這些因素的發(fā)展,促進(jìn)和刺激組合機(jī)床。組合機(jī)床是高效專用機(jī)床由大量的通用部件和少量的專用部件組成和工藝。通用機(jī)床和專用機(jī)床的發(fā)展。由于機(jī)械加工的組合是高度集中的,也可完成一個(gè)或幾個(gè)一機(jī)不同的過(guò)程,所以為了適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量,要求精度高,克服了通用機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,生產(chǎn)效率低,難以保證精度的缺點(diǎn),專用設(shè)備通用性差,不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代科技的迅速發(fā)展,往往更新的要求。因此,組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線已被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車,柴油機(jī),電機(jī),儀表、軍工產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn),并顯示出巨大的優(yōu)越性。2 組合機(jī)床的總體設(shè)計(jì)2.1 組合機(jī)床方案的制定2.1.1 制定工藝方案加工技術(shù)將確定組合機(jī)床的加工質(zhì)量,生產(chǎn)率,夾具的總體布局和結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,在計(jì)劃的過(guò)程中,我們必須要被加工零件的分析,和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的形狀,尺寸,材料,硬度,剛度的深入了解,表面粗糙度的加工精度,加工零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),和定位,夾緊方法,過(guò)程,和切割工具,生產(chǎn)力的場(chǎng)景,環(huán)境和條件等。與國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)技術(shù)資料的收集,制定合理的工藝。根據(jù)被加工零件(泵體)的零件圖(圖2.1),加工過(guò)程8螺紋底孔: (1) 加工孔的主要技術(shù)要求。8個(gè)螺紋孔M10底孔直徑均為8mm??椎奈恢枚裙顬?.08mm。工件材料為HT200,HB170-241HBS要求生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)為(考慮廢品及備品率)年產(chǎn)量18000件,單班制生產(chǎn)(2) 工藝分析加工該孔時(shí),孔的位置度公差為0.3mm。根據(jù)組合機(jī)床和精密加工方案的過(guò)程,可以用如下:一次性加工孔,直徑為8mm (3) 定位基準(zhǔn)及夾緊點(diǎn)的選擇部分被加工孔的表面上,上面的三自由度和三個(gè)自由度的右端極限的限制,位于中間的孔通過(guò)螺釘夾有很好的作用。為保證加工精度,提高生產(chǎn)效率和降低勞動(dòng)量,工件是批量生產(chǎn),所以在設(shè)計(jì),手動(dòng)夾緊。2.1.2 確定組合機(jī)床的配置形式和結(jié)構(gòu)方案。(1)被加工零件的加工精度被加工零件的過(guò)程來(lái)完成組合機(jī)床加工精度應(yīng)保證,是制造機(jī)器的主要依據(jù)。較高的泵體鉆孔的精度要求,可用于鉆孔組合機(jī)床。為了機(jī)ra1.6um孔的表面粗糙度,改善原機(jī)的制造精度和工件的定位精度和減少夾緊變形的對(duì)策研究。因此,該機(jī)通常采用的尾部安裝的齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置,進(jìn)給使用液壓系統(tǒng),被加工零件圖如圖2.1所示圖2.1 泵體 (2) 被加工零件的特點(diǎn)這主要是指結(jié)構(gòu)形狀的材料,零件加工工件硬度工件剛度,定位基準(zhǔn)特征,他們有重要影響的機(jī)床工藝方案系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)盒子是HT200材料,硬度HB100,8mm孔直徑。多孔同步處理,部分的剛度是足夠的,振動(dòng),和工件變形的影響可以忽略不計(jì)的加熱。在一般情況下,孔的中心線與定位基準(zhǔn)平面平行和由一個(gè)或多個(gè)表面處理身體應(yīng)橫機(jī),該機(jī)適用于加工定位面水平和加工孔和垂直參考平面,但不適合加工安裝不方便或高細(xì)長(zhǎng)件。一個(gè)單一的加工機(jī)適用于大箱,和中小型零件則多采用多處理機(jī)。這些組件的加工特點(diǎn)的中心線與定位基準(zhǔn)面是垂直的,和定位基準(zhǔn)水平,工件較小,孔隙分布密集,多軸箱體積較大,選擇鉆床,立式鉆床。 (3) 零件的生產(chǎn)批量生產(chǎn)批次的部分是由單工位定,在多工位的一個(gè)重要因素,在自動(dòng)線或組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的小批量生產(chǎn)的特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)18000件的年生產(chǎn)能力的生產(chǎn)程序設(shè)計(jì)的要求,從工件的形狀和輪廓尺寸,以減少處理時(shí)間,采用多軸,以減少機(jī)床數(shù)量,過(guò)程在一臺(tái)機(jī)器上完成,為了提高利用率。 (4) 機(jī)床使用條件根據(jù)車間布局,組合機(jī)床的使用選擇合適的組合機(jī)床工藝連接,技術(shù)能力和自然條件和要求?;谏鲜觯罕皿w的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),加工零件,尺寸精度,表面粗糙度和技術(shù)要求,定位,夾緊方法,過(guò)程,和機(jī)床的總體布局和技術(shù)性能等的影響因素,最終決定設(shè)計(jì)四軸頭多工位同步鉆床。2.2 確定切削用量及選擇刀具2.2.1 確定工序間余量為使加工過(guò)程順利進(jìn)行并穩(wěn)定的保證加工精度,必須合理地確定工序余量。生產(chǎn)中常用查表給出的組合機(jī)床對(duì)孔加工的工序余量,以消除轉(zhuǎn)、定位誤差的影響。8mm的孔在鉆孔時(shí),直徑上工序間余量均為0.2mm。2.2.2 選擇切削用量技術(shù)含量決定完成機(jī)器的組合,你可以選擇切削參數(shù)。因?yàn)樵诖蠖鄶?shù)情況下,多軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)組合,切削參數(shù),根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn),30%低于普通機(jī)床的加工單。多軸主軸箱的所有工具都有一個(gè)進(jìn)料系統(tǒng),通常作為一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電力幻燈片,工作,每分鐘進(jìn)給量的所有工具的相同,等于每分鐘的動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)的進(jìn)給(毫米/分鐘)適用于一般的工具。因此,同一主軸箱上的刀具主軸可設(shè)計(jì)成同轉(zhuǎn)速和同的每轉(zhuǎn) 進(jìn)給量(mm/r)與其適應(yīng)。以滿足直徑的加需要,即: 2.1式中: 各主軸轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min) 各主軸進(jìn)給量(mm/r) 動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)每分鐘進(jìn)給量(mm/min)由于泵體鉆孔的加工精度、工件材料、工作條件、技術(shù)要求等,按照經(jīng)濟(jì)地選擇滿足加工要求的原則,采用查表的方法查得:孔鉆頭直徑D=8mm,進(jìn)給量f=0.18mm/r、切削速度v=18m/min2.2.3 確定切削力、切削扭矩、切削功率根據(jù)選定的切削用量(主要指切削速度v及進(jìn)給量f)確定切削力,作為選擇動(dòng)力部件(滑臺(tái));確定切削扭矩,用以確定主軸及其它傳動(dòng)件(齒輪,傳動(dòng)軸等)的尺寸;確定切削功率,用以選擇主傳動(dòng)電動(dòng)(一般指動(dòng)力箱)功率,通過(guò)查表計(jì)算如下:切削力: =262.2 =268=2378.8N切削扭矩: =102.3 =10 =9979Nmm切削功率: =2.4 =997918/(97403.88)=0.43kw 式中: HB布氏硬度 F切削力(N) D鉆頭直徑(mm) f每轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)給量(mm/r) T切削扭矩(Nmm) V切削速度(m/min) P切削功率(kw)2.2.4 選擇刀具結(jié)構(gòu)在泵體的布氏硬度HB100,孔徑d高速鋼鉆頭為8mm的刀具材料(W18Cr4V),為了使工作可靠,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,加工簡(jiǎn)單,8mm的麻花鉆的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。孔加工刀具長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)確保在工具和導(dǎo)套的末端之間的螺旋槽加工結(jié)束30 80mm范圍,以排出切屑與刀具磨損已調(diào)整了一定量。2.3 鉆孔組合機(jī)床總設(shè)計(jì)“三圖一卡”的編制總體設(shè)計(jì)方案的圖紙表達(dá)形式“三圖一卡”設(shè)計(jì),其內(nèi)容包括:繪制被加工零件工序圖、加工示意圖、機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖、編制生產(chǎn)率卡。2.3.1 被加工零件工序圖1,通過(guò)處理流程圖的作用及內(nèi)容零件工序圖是根據(jù)選定的工藝方案加工,稱為組合機(jī)床的工藝內(nèi)容完整,尺寸,加工零件的精度,表面粗糙度和技術(shù)要求,定位基準(zhǔn),加工零件和材料零件的夾具加工圖紙,硬度。它是基于原來(lái)的繪圖,突出本機(jī)床的加工內(nèi)容,再加上畫出必要的說(shuō)明,主要是基于組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì),制造,使用,也是重要的技術(shù)文件,檢查和機(jī)床的調(diào)整。泵體孔組合機(jī)床是加工零件的過(guò)程如圖2.2所示。地圖的主要內(nèi)容:(1)被加工零件的形狀,主要尺寸和機(jī)加工零件的尺寸,精度,表面粗糙度,形狀和位置精度等技術(shù)要求,以及工作程序和技術(shù)要求。(2)定位基準(zhǔn)選擇定位夾緊,夾緊方向的過(guò)程。(3)加工零件的名稱,數(shù)量,材料,硬度和加工件與津貼。2,繪制加工零件的工序圖的注意(1)為了使被加工零件工序圖是明確的,必須通過(guò)處理這臺(tái)機(jī)器的內(nèi)容。繪制時(shí),要按一定比例,選擇足夠的視圖和剖面看,優(yōu)秀的處理站點(diǎn)(用粗實(shí)線),和零件和機(jī)床的輪廓,重行標(biāo)記的夾具設(shè)計(jì)。如在參考2.2位置,機(jī)械夾緊位置和方向,輔助支持由符號(hào)部規(guī)定(細(xì)實(shí)線)表清楚,所有的程序來(lái)確保尺寸,角度等,應(yīng)使用尺寸的數(shù)值表示。圖2.2泵體工序圖(2)加工部位的位置尺寸應(yīng)由定位基準(zhǔn)注起,為了便于加工和檢驗(yàn),有時(shí)為選定的定位基準(zhǔn)與設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)不重合,應(yīng)處理轉(zhuǎn)換位置精度要求。2.3.2 加工示意圖1、加工示意圖的作用和內(nèi)容(2)和定位基準(zhǔn)加工零件的注射位置大小,為了便于加工和檢驗(yàn),有時(shí)為選定的定位基準(zhǔn)與設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)不重合,應(yīng)處理網(wǎng)站的轉(zhuǎn)換位置精度要求。與加工示意含量的作用.圖式加工是反映在拉深零件加工工藝方案,表示被加工零件在機(jī)床,刀具和工件,夾具,布局之間的相對(duì)位置的刀具,機(jī)床的工作行程和工作周期,是工具,夾具,主軸箱,主要對(duì)功率器件依據(jù)電氣和液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),是整個(gè)機(jī)床布局原來(lái)的需求,重要文件也是必要的調(diào)整工具。圖2.3是泵體孔加工示意圖圖2.3加工示意圖在圖上應(yīng)標(biāo)注的內(nèi)容:(1)機(jī)床的加工方法,切削用量,工作循環(huán)和工作行程。(2)工件、夾具、刀具及多軸箱端面之間的距離等。(3)主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)類型,尺寸及外伸長(zhǎng)度;刀具類型,數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸、接桿、導(dǎo)向裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸;刀具與導(dǎo)向置的配合,刀具、接桿、主軸之間的連接方式,刀具應(yīng)按加工終了位置繪制。2、繪制加工示意圖之前的有關(guān)計(jì)算(1)刀具的選擇 刀具選擇考慮加工尺寸精度、表面粗糙度、切削的排除及生產(chǎn)率要求等因素。刀具的選擇前已述及,此處就不在追述了。(2)導(dǎo)向套的選擇 在組合機(jī)床主軸孔加工,除了使用剛性方案,工件的尺寸,位置精度主要取決于夾具指南。所以正確的選擇式導(dǎo)向裝置,合理確定規(guī)模,精度,是組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的重要內(nèi)容,也是解決必須處理內(nèi)容繪制示意圖。1)選擇導(dǎo)向類型 根據(jù)刀具導(dǎo)向部分直徑和刀具導(dǎo)向的線速度v=18m/min,選擇固定式導(dǎo)向。2)導(dǎo)向套的參數(shù) 根據(jù)刀具的直徑選擇固定導(dǎo)向裝置固定導(dǎo)向裝置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸如下表:表2.1 固定導(dǎo)向裝置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺dd1DD1D2ll1l2l3l4L888223034180408121746固定裝置的配合如下表:表2.2 固定裝置的配合導(dǎo)向類別工藝方法DDD1刀具導(dǎo)向部分外徑固定導(dǎo)向鉆孔G7(或F8)H7/g6H7/n6g6固定導(dǎo)向裝置的布置如圖2.4所示圖2.4 固定導(dǎo)向裝置的布置(3)初定主軸類型、尺寸、外伸長(zhǎng)度因?yàn)檩S的材料為40Cr,剪切彈性模量G=81.0GPa,剛性主軸取14(0)m,所以B取2.316,根據(jù)剛性條件計(jì)算主軸的直徑為: dB2.89式中: d軸直徑(mm)(24.68) T軸所承受的轉(zhuǎn)矩(Nmm)B系數(shù)本設(shè)計(jì)中主軸直徑d=28mm,主軸外伸長(zhǎng)度為:L=118mm,D/為40/28。(4)選擇刀具接桿 由以上可知,多軸箱各主軸的外伸長(zhǎng)度為一定值,而刀具的長(zhǎng)度也是一定值,因此,為保證多軸箱上各刀具能同時(shí)到達(dá)加工終了位置,就需要在主軸與刀具之間設(shè)置可調(diào)環(huán)節(jié),這個(gè)可調(diào)節(jié)在組合機(jī)床上是通過(guò)可調(diào)整的刀具接桿來(lái)解決的,連接桿如圖2.8所示, 圖2.8 可調(diào)連接桿連接桿上的尺寸d與主軸外伸長(zhǎng)度的內(nèi)孔D配合,因此,根據(jù)接桿直徑d選擇刀具接桿參數(shù)如表2.3所示:表2.3 可調(diào)接桿的尺寸dD1(h6)d2d3Ll1l2l3螺母厚度28Tr282莫氏1號(hào)12.061368881428012(8)確定加工示意圖的聯(lián)系尺寸從加工結(jié)束主軸箱的端到端的所有鏈接的大小來(lái)確定的表面之間的最小距離,加工示意圖連接尺寸如圖2.3所示。面對(duì)的工件端面最重要的連接尺寸(多軸箱的大小321mm),它等于刀具懸伸長(zhǎng)度,螺母的厚度,主軸伸出長(zhǎng)度和連桿長(zhǎng)度(可調(diào))和減去加工,孔的深度和切出值。(6)工作進(jìn)給長(zhǎng)度的確定 如圖2.6工作進(jìn)給長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)等于工件加工部位長(zhǎng)度L與刀具切入長(zhǎng)度和切出長(zhǎng)度之和。切入長(zhǎng)應(yīng)應(yīng)根據(jù)工件端面誤差情況在810mm之間選擇,誤差大時(shí)取大值,因此取=8mm,切出長(zhǎng)度=1/3d+(38)= x8+712mm,所以=8+12+12=32mm.(7)快進(jìn)長(zhǎng)度的確定 考慮實(shí)際加工情況,在未加工之前,保證工件表面與刀尖之間有足夠的工作空間,也就是快速退回行程須保證所有刀具均退至夾具導(dǎo)套內(nèi)而不影響工件裝卸。這里取快速退回行程為120mm,快退長(zhǎng)度等于快速引進(jìn)與工作工進(jìn)之和,因此快進(jìn)長(zhǎng)度120-48=78mm. 圖2.6 工作進(jìn)給長(zhǎng)度2.3.3 機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖圖2.7 機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖1、聯(lián)系尺寸圖的作用和內(nèi)容在一般情況下,組合機(jī)床是由通用部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)力箱,動(dòng)力滑臺(tái),柱,柱腳及特殊部件的裝配。聯(lián)系尺寸圖是用來(lái)表示機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)部件相互組裝在該系統(tǒng)中,相對(duì)位置和尺寸的機(jī)器部件接觸測(cè)試是否滿足要求,通用部件的選擇是適當(dāng)?shù)?,并?duì)主軸箱設(shè)計(jì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供基礎(chǔ),夾具等專用部件,零件。聯(lián)系尺寸圖也可以被視為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的設(shè)備布局,它代表了機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)類型和總體布局。如圖2.7所示,機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖包括機(jī)床的布局,主要接觸尺寸電機(jī)尺寸,規(guī)格,通用組件和電機(jī)的主要參數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)組件,工件和各部分之間的特殊部位,外形尺寸。2、選用動(dòng)力部件選用動(dòng)力部件主要選擇型號(hào)、規(guī)格合適的動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)、動(dòng)力箱。(1)滑臺(tái)的選用 通常,根據(jù)滑臺(tái)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式、所需進(jìn)給力、進(jìn)給速度、最大行程長(zhǎng)度和加工精度等因素來(lái)選用合適的滑臺(tái)。1)驅(qū)動(dòng)形式的確定 根據(jù)對(duì)液壓滑臺(tái)和機(jī)械滑臺(tái)的性能特點(diǎn)比較,并結(jié)合具體的加工要求,使用條件選擇HY系列液壓滑臺(tái)。2)確定軸向進(jìn)給力 滑臺(tái)所需的進(jìn)給力=42378.8=988N 式中: 各主軸加工時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的軸向力由于滑臺(tái)工作時(shí),除了克服各主軸的軸的向力外,還要克服滑臺(tái)移動(dòng)時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的摩擦力。因而選擇滑臺(tái)的最大進(jìn)給力應(yīng)大于9.88KN。3)確定進(jìn)給速度 液壓滑臺(tái)的工作進(jìn)給速度規(guī)定一定范圍內(nèi)無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)速,對(duì)液壓滑臺(tái)確定切削用量時(shí)所規(guī)定的工作進(jìn)給速度應(yīng)大于滑臺(tái)最小工作進(jìn)給速度的0.81倍;液壓進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)中采用應(yīng)力繼電器時(shí),實(shí)際進(jìn)給速度應(yīng)更大一些。本系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)給速度=nf=18mm/min。所以選擇1HY32A液壓滑臺(tái),工作進(jìn)給速度范圍20680mm/min,快速速度10m/min。4)確定滑臺(tái)行程 滑臺(tái)的行程除保證足夠的工作行程外,還應(yīng)留有前備量和后備量。前備量的作用是動(dòng)力部件有一定的向前移動(dòng)的余地,以彌補(bǔ)機(jī)床的制造誤差以及刀具磨損后能向前調(diào)整。本系統(tǒng)前備量為20mm,后備量的作用是使動(dòng)力部件有一定的向后移動(dòng)的余地,為方便裝卸刀具,這里取80mm,所以滑臺(tái)總行程應(yīng)大于工作行程,前備量,后備量之和。即:行程L120+20+80=220mm,取L400mm。綜合上述條件,確定液壓動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)型號(hào)1HY32A,以及相配套的滑臺(tái)底座(1CC321型)。(2)由下式確定動(dòng)力箱的選用 動(dòng)力箱主要依據(jù)多軸所需的電動(dòng)機(jī)功率來(lái)選用,在多軸箱沒有設(shè)計(jì)之前,可算 2.66*0.430.83.228KW式中:多軸箱傳動(dòng)效率,加工黑色金屬時(shí)0.80.9;有色金屬時(shí)0.70.8,本系統(tǒng)加工HT200,取0.8動(dòng)力箱的電動(dòng)機(jī)功率應(yīng)大于計(jì)算功率,并結(jié)合主軸要求的轉(zhuǎn)速大小選擇。因此,選用電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)為Y132M1-6的1TD32I型動(dòng)力箱,動(dòng)力箱輸出軸至箱底面高度為180mm。主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如下表:表2.4電機(jī)型號(hào)及參數(shù)主電機(jī)傳動(dòng)型號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)速范圍(r/min)主電機(jī)功率()配套主軸部件型號(hào)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速輸出轉(zhuǎn)速D80 Y132M1-696047041HY32A,1CC321,1CD3213、配套支承部件的選用立柱底座1CD322。4、確定裝料高度裝料高度指工件安裝基面至機(jī)床底面的垂直距離,在現(xiàn)階段設(shè)計(jì)組合機(jī)床時(shí),裝料高度可視具體情況在H8801060mm之間選取,本系統(tǒng)取裝料高度為800mm。8、中間底座輪廓尺寸中間底座的輪廓尺寸要滿足滑臺(tái)在其上面聯(lián)接安裝的需要,又考慮到與立柱底座相連接。因此,中間底座采用側(cè)底座1CD321。6、確定多軸箱輪廓尺寸本機(jī)床配置的多軸箱總厚度為340mm,寬度和高度按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸中選取。計(jì)算時(shí),多軸箱的寬度B和高度H可確定為:B=400,H=320根據(jù)上述計(jì)算值,按主軸箱輪廓尺寸系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最后確定主軸箱輪廓尺寸BH=400320mm。2.3.4 生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡是反映所設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)床的工作循環(huán)過(guò)程、動(dòng)作時(shí)間、切削用量、生產(chǎn)率、負(fù)荷率等技術(shù)文件,通過(guò)生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡,可以分析擬定的方案是否滿足用戶對(duì)生產(chǎn)率及負(fù)荷率的要求。計(jì)算如下:切削時(shí)間: T切= L/vf+t停2.7 = 48/74.710/418 =0.628 min式中: T切機(jī)加工時(shí)間(min) L工進(jìn)行程長(zhǎng)度(mm) vf 刀具進(jìn)給量(mm/min) t停死擋鐵停留時(shí)間。一般為在動(dòng)力部件進(jìn)給停止?fàn)顟B(tài)下,刀具旋轉(zhuǎn)810 r所需要時(shí)間。這里取10r輔助時(shí)間 T輔 = +t移+t裝2.8 = (78120)/1000+0.13+2= 2.328min 式中: L3、L4 分別為動(dòng)力部件快進(jìn)、快退長(zhǎng)度(mm) vfk 快速移動(dòng)速度(mm/min) t移 工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)時(shí)間(min),一般為0.080.13min,取0.13 min t裝 裝卸工件時(shí)間(min)一般為0.81.8min,本例取2min機(jī)床生產(chǎn)率 Q1 = 60/T單2.9 = 60/(T切+T輔) =60/(0.628+3.298) =18.3 件/h機(jī)床負(fù)荷率按下式計(jì)算 = Q / Q1100%2.10 = A / Q1tk100% =18000/18.31980100% =67.04% 式中:Q機(jī)床的理想生產(chǎn)率(件/h) A年生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)(件) tk年工作時(shí)間,單班制工作時(shí)間tk =1980h表2.8 生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡2.4 多軸箱的設(shè)計(jì)2.4.1 繪制多軸箱設(shè)計(jì)原始依據(jù)圖多軸箱設(shè)計(jì)原始依據(jù)圖是根據(jù)“三圖一卡”繪制的如圖2.8所示:圖2.8 鉆孔組合機(jī)床多軸箱圖中多軸箱的兩定位銷孔中心連線為橫坐標(biāo),工件加工孔對(duì)稱,選擇箱體中垂線為縱坐標(biāo),在建立的坐標(biāo)系中標(biāo)注輪廓尺寸及動(dòng)力箱驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的相對(duì)位置尺寸。主軸部為逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)(面對(duì)主軸看)。主軸的工序內(nèi)容,切削用量及主軸尺寸及動(dòng)力部件的型號(hào)和性能參數(shù)如表 2.6所示:表2.6 主軸外尺寸及切削用量軸號(hào)主軸外伸尺寸工序內(nèi)容切削用量D/dLN(r/min)V(m/min)f(mm/r)Vf(mm/min)1、2、3、440/28118鉆8418180.1874.7注:1被加工零件編號(hào)及名稱:箱體材料:HT200 JB297-62;硬度: HB170-241, 前、后、側(cè)蓋等材料為HT1802動(dòng)力部件型號(hào):1TD32I動(dòng)力箱,電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)Y112M-6;功率P2.2kw。2.4.2 齒輪模數(shù)選擇本組合機(jī)床主要用于鉆孔,因此采用滾珠軸承主軸。齒輪模數(shù)m可按下式估算: m=(3032)=322.12.11式中:m估算齒輪模數(shù) P齒輪所傳遞的功率(kw) Z對(duì)嚙合齒中的小齒輪數(shù) N小齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)多軸箱輸入齒輪模數(shù)取m=2.8。2.4.3 多軸箱的傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)(1)根據(jù)原始依據(jù)圖(圖2.8),畫出驅(qū)動(dòng)軸、主軸坐標(biāo)位置。如下表:表2.7 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸、主軸坐標(biāo)值坐標(biāo)銷O1驅(qū)動(dòng)軸O主軸1主軸2主軸3主軸4X17803737-37-37Y086.8103.889.889.8103.8(2)確定傳動(dòng)軸位置及齒輪齒數(shù)圖2.9 齒輪的最小壁厚1)最小齒數(shù)的確定為保證齒輪齒根強(qiáng)度,根據(jù)組合機(jī)床簡(jiǎn)明設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)可知,驅(qū)動(dòng)軸齒數(shù)要在21-24之間。2)傳動(dòng)軸2為主軸1,2,3,4都各自在同一同心圓上。多軸箱的齒輪模數(shù)按驅(qū)動(dòng)軸齒輪估算 2.8多軸箱輸入齒輪模數(shù)取m=2。主軸1,2,3,4要求的轉(zhuǎn)速一致且較高,所以采用降速傳動(dòng)。主軸齒數(shù)選取Z=21,傳動(dòng)齒輪采用z=22齒的齒輪,變位系數(shù)。傳動(dòng)軸的轉(zhuǎn)速為:2.18由于前面選取了主軸直徑為40,顯然傳動(dòng)軸直徑都選取40,這樣為了減少傳動(dòng)軸種類和設(shè)計(jì)題目需要由于傳動(dòng)軸轉(zhuǎn)速是,則驅(qū)動(dòng)軸至傳動(dòng)軸的傳動(dòng)比為:2.16所以選擇兩級(jí)傳動(dòng),且傳動(dòng)比分配為:一級(jí)為1.01.0;二級(jí)為1.41.0。驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的直徑為40mm,由組合機(jī)床簡(jiǎn)明設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)查得知:t=33.3mm,當(dāng)m=3時(shí),驅(qū)動(dòng)軸上的齒數(shù)為:Zmin2.17去驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪齒數(shù)Z=24。通用的齒輪有三種,即傳動(dòng)齒輪、動(dòng)力箱齒輪和電機(jī)齒輪。材料均為48鋼,熱處理為齒部高頻淬火G84。本機(jī)床齒輪的選用按照下表選用表2.8齒輪種類及參數(shù)齒輪種類寬度(mm)齒 數(shù)模數(shù)(mm)孔徑(mm)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸齒輪24321780連續(xù)17702、2.8、32、2.8、3、418、20、30、38、4028、30、38、40、80傳動(dòng)軸齒輪44(B型)21-24328、30、38、40、80輸出軸齒輪3221-24318、22、28、32、36計(jì)算各主軸轉(zhuǎn)速使各主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速損失在8%以內(nèi),由公式:V= 知:n1=n2=n3=n4=18x1000/3.8/8=418r/min2.182.4.4 繪制傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖是表示傳動(dòng)關(guān)系是示意圖,即用以確定的傳動(dòng)軸將驅(qū)動(dòng)軸和各主軸連接起來(lái),繪制在多軸箱輪廓內(nèi)的傳動(dòng)示意圖,如圖2.10所示圖2.10 鉆孔多軸箱傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖圖中傳動(dòng)軸齒輪和驅(qū)動(dòng)軸齒輪為第排。在圖中標(biāo)出齒輪的齒數(shù)、模數(shù)、變位系數(shù),以校核驅(qū)動(dòng)軸是否正確。另外,應(yīng)檢查同排的非嚙合齒輪是否齒頂干涉;還畫出主軸直徑和軸套直徑,以避免齒輪和相鄰的主軸軸套相碰。2.4.8 傳動(dòng)零件的校核(1)驗(yàn)算傳動(dòng)軸的直徑校核傳動(dòng)軸以承受的總扭矩最大傳動(dòng)軸8,由它驅(qū)動(dòng)的有主軸1、2、3、4主軸扭矩:T1=T2=T3=T4=9979Nmm油泵軸的扭矩:查得R12-1A油泵的最高壓力為0.3MPa、排量為8.88ml/r。假設(shè)在理想無(wú)泄漏狀態(tài),即: Pq=T式中:P油泵的壓力N/ q油泵的排量m3/s T輸入扭矩Nm 輸入角速度rad/s單位換算: P=0.3MPa=0.3106Pa n =880r/min=9.17r/s2.19 q=8.889.17=83.92ml/r=83.9210-6m3/s2.20=2n/60=23.8880/602.21 =87.87rad/s代入公式: Pq=T2.2283.9210-60.3106=87.87T6解得:T6=281NmmT8=T1/i8-1+T2/i8-2+T3/i8-3+T4/i8-4+T6/i8-62.23=49979/0.98+281/0.667=44093.06Nmm根據(jù) d=B=2.316=33.6mm38mm因此傳動(dòng)軸4是符合要求的。結(jié)論本課題開發(fā)研制的鉆孔組合機(jī)床,用于加工泵體的8個(gè)孔。在開發(fā)過(guò)程中,針對(duì)加工過(guò)程中存在的難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了攻關(guān)。在鉆床的設(shè)計(jì)上采取了一系列的措施,保證了被加工孔的加工精度。主要完成了以下工作:1、對(duì)泵體的8個(gè)孔的加工工藝進(jìn)行了分析研究,明確了8個(gè)孔加工的技術(shù)要求和工藝要點(diǎn)。2、恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x擇了機(jī)床的切削參數(shù),動(dòng)力頭及液壓滑臺(tái)驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。3、采用液壓滑臺(tái)驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力頭和多軸箱實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)給,驅(qū)動(dòng)工件實(shí)現(xiàn)兩工位運(yùn)動(dòng)。制定了液壓滑臺(tái)的進(jìn)給工作循環(huán)。經(jīng)分析證明可以滿足工藝要求。4、設(shè)計(jì)了穩(wěn)定可靠的多軸箱和鉆模板,從而保證了被加工孔的精度要求。8、根據(jù)通用、經(jīng)濟(jì)的原則,選擇了刀具,滿足了工藝的需要。設(shè)計(jì)的鉆孔組合機(jī)床,保證了加工孔的生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量,提高工效3倍以上,加工成本大幅下降。這項(xiàng)工作還存在許多值得完善的地方,例如:夾緊定位,由人工完成,效率低;自動(dòng)化程度有待提高等問(wèn)題。這些問(wèn)題,通過(guò)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),改進(jìn)技術(shù),不斷的實(shí)踐,總結(jié),肯定會(huì)有提高。致 謝本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)涉及的全部?jī)?nèi)容是在指導(dǎo)老師XX老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的。謝謝老師XX提供了良好的條件,讓我在本設(shè)計(jì)中得到了很好的鍛煉。同時(shí)也說(shuō)明了很多問(wèn)題我,謝謝。XX老師淵博的知識(shí),嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度,平易近人和認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的工作態(tài)度的風(fēng)格,讓我們受益不淺。從XX老師我們學(xué)到了很多專業(yè)知識(shí)和設(shè)計(jì)方法。在這里,我想對(duì)老師表示最誠(chéng)摯的感謝。感謝他給我們指引。當(dāng)然,其他老師的指導(dǎo)。我在這里給你我的老師表示感謝和致敬。最后,感謝,也是最應(yīng)該感謝的是大學(xué),大學(xué)讓我們有這么好的學(xué)習(xí)條件。通過(guò)四年的學(xué)習(xí),讓我們成為有用之才;同時(shí)學(xué)校給了我們這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)會(huì),讓我們?cè)谌スぷ鱽?lái)鍛煉自己。 參考文獻(xiàn)1 謝家瀛 .組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè) .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992 2 金振華 .組合機(jī)床及其調(diào)整與應(yīng)用 .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,19903 李慶余,張佳 .機(jī)械裝備設(shè)計(jì) .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20034 顧維邦 .金屬切削機(jī)床概論 .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20028 戴曙 .金屬切削機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì) .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,19936 華東紡織工學(xué)院,哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué),天津大學(xué) .機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)圖冊(cè) .上海:上??茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社,19847 徐景輝 .機(jī)床裝配 .四川:四川人民出版社,19828 儲(chǔ)凱,許斌 .機(jī)械工程材料 .重慶:重慶大學(xué)出版社,20029 邱宣懷 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) .北京:高等教育出版社,200310 吳宗澤 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè) .北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,200011 龔桂 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書 .北京:高等教育出版社,199012 章宏甲,黃誼 .液壓傳動(dòng) .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,200313 左健民 .液壓與氣壓傳動(dòng) .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2002附錄:外文資料與中文翻譯外文資料:The Development Of Machine Tool Technologyand automatic line Machine Tool and Machine Tool Automatic Line is a dedicated and efficient automation technology and equipment, at present, it is still a high-volume machinery to achieve efficient, high quality and economical production of key equipment, which is widely used in automobiles, tractors, diesel and compressed machines and many other industrial production. In particular, the automotive industry, is a combination of machine tools and automatic lines largest user. Such as the German Volkswagen plant in Salzgitter engine plant, used in the early 90s metal-cutting machine tool is automatic line (60%), machines (20%) and processing center (20%). Clearly, the mass production of the machinery industry, a lot of used equipment is a combination of machine and automatic line. Therefore, combination machine tool and its automatic line level of technical performance and integrated automation, the large extent determines these industries, a product of the production efficiency, product quality and business organization of production Jiegou, Yezai determine a companys products competitiveness. 現(xiàn)代組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線作為機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品,它是控制、驅(qū)動(dòng)、測(cè)量、監(jiān)控、刀具和機(jī)械組件等技術(shù)的綜合反映。 Combination of machine tools and automatic lines of modern mechatronic product as it is to control, drive, measure, monitor, tool and machinery components such as a comprehensive reflection of technology. 近20年來(lái),這些技術(shù)有長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步,同時(shí)作為組合機(jī)床主要用戶的汽車和內(nèi)燃機(jī)等行業(yè)也有很大的變化,其產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)壽命不斷縮短,品種日益增多且質(zhì)量不斷提高。 The past 20 years, these technologies have made considerable progress, as well as a combination of machine tool user industries such as automobile and internal combustion engines, there are big changes in the market life of their products continue to shorten, increasing variety and quality improved. 這些因素有力地推動(dòng)和激勵(lì)了組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展。 These factors effectively promote and encourage the combination of machine and automatic line technology continues to evolve. 1 A combination of varieties of key development tools 在組合機(jī)床這類專用機(jī)床中,回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床(圖2)和自動(dòng)線占有很重要的地位。 In the combination of these special purpose machine tools, the rotary multi-station machines (Figure 2) and automatic line plays an important role. 因?yàn)檫@兩類機(jī)床可以把工件的許多加工工序分配到多個(gè)加工工位上,并同時(shí)能從多個(gè)方向?qū)ぜ膸讉€(gè)面進(jìn)行加工,此外,還可以通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)位夾具(在回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)機(jī)床上)或通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)位、翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置(在自動(dòng)線上)實(shí)現(xiàn)工件的五面加工或全部加工,因而具有很高的自動(dòng)化程度和生產(chǎn)效率,被汽車、摩托車和壓縮機(jī)等工業(yè)部門所采用。 Because these two types of machine parts can be assigned to many manufacturing processes on multiple processing station, and also from several different directions on the workpiece surface processing, In addition, you can also switch to digital clamp (work in rotation machine tool) or by translocation, flip device (in the automatic line) to achieve a five-face machining parts or all of processing, so they have a high degree of automation and production efficiency, a car, motorcycle and compressors and other industrial sectors used. 根據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,德國(guó)在19901992年期間,回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線的產(chǎn)量約各占組合機(jī)床總數(shù)的50%左右。According to statistics, Germany in 1990 and 1992, combined multistation rotary machine and automatic production lines around each combination of machine tool about 50% of the total. 應(yīng)指出,回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床實(shí)際上是一種特殊型式的小型自動(dòng)線,適合于加工輪廓尺寸250mm的中小件。 Be noted that multi-station rotary machine is actually a combination of special types of small automatic lines for processing outline size of 250mm of small pieces. Compared with the automatic line, in the processing of the same parts of the case, the combination of multi-station rotary machine tool operations share is about a small area than the automated line 2 / 3.2、 beat time to further reduce the automatic line 目前,以大批量生產(chǎn)為特征的轎車和輕型載貨車,其發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的年產(chǎn)量通常為60萬(wàn)臺(tái)左右,實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣大的批量生產(chǎn),回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線在三班運(yùn)行的情況下,其節(jié)拍時(shí)間一般為2030秒,當(dāng)零件生產(chǎn)批量更大時(shí),機(jī)床的節(jié)拍時(shí)間還要更短些(表1)。 At present, characterized by mass production of cars and light trucks, the engines output is usually around 60 million units, to achieve such a large volume production, multi-position rotary combination of machine tools and automatic lines in the case of three-shift operation , the tact time is generally 20 to 30 seconds, when the greater part of production volume, the machine cycle times should be shorter (Table 1). In the 70s, automatic line to achieve such a short beat, often used side by side duplex or set the two-lane approach, that is, determining the automatic line of the beat, the longest processing operation processes through the same process in parallel two station, if more restrictive process, then the same through the use of two automatic lines to balance the automatic line system processing rhythm. 顯然,這樣就要增加設(shè)備投資和作業(yè)面積。 Apparently, this would increase the investment in equipment and operating area. 縮短基本時(shí)間的主要途徑是采用新的刀具材料和新穎刀具,以通過(guò)提高切削速度和進(jìn)給速度來(lái)縮短基本時(shí)間。 The main way to shorten the basic time is the introduction of new materials and novel tool tool to enhance the cutting speed and feed through to shorten the basic time rate. 例如,德國(guó)大眾汽車廠在加工鋁合金缸蓋燃燒室側(cè)面時(shí),采用PCD銑刀,銑削速度高達(dá)3075m/min,進(jìn)給速度達(dá)3600mm/min;又如,在鏜削灰鑄鐵缸體的缸孔時(shí),采用裝有三個(gè)可轉(zhuǎn)位CBN刀片的新穎鏜刀頭,切削速度達(dá)800m/min,進(jìn)給速度為1500mm/min,加工深度為146mm的缸孔,其實(shí)際加工時(shí)間僅為5.8s,比傳統(tǒng)加工工藝可縮短2/3的加工時(shí)間。 For example, the German Volkswagen plant in the processing of aluminum alloy cylinder head combustion chamber side, the use of PCD milling cutters, milling speeds of up to 3075m/min, feed speed 3600mm/min; another example, in boring gray cast iron cylinder block of the cylinder bore When used with three indexable boring head new CBN inserts, cutting speed up to 800m/min, feed rate 1500mm/min, processing depth of 146mm the cylinder bore, the actual processing time of only 5.8s, compared traditional processing process can be shortened 2 / 3 of the processing time. 縮短輔助時(shí)間主要是縮短包括工件輸送、加工模塊快速引進(jìn)以及加工模塊由快進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)換為工進(jìn)后至刀具切入工件所花的時(shí)間。 Reduce the auxiliary time is shortened, including parts delivery, processing and rapid introduction of the module and processing module is converted to work by the fast-forward to the tool after the cut into the workpiece into the time spent. To shorten this part of the air travel time, generally used to improve workpiece (workpiece direct transmission) or the accompanying fixtures and processing module transmission speed fast speed. 目前,隨行夾具的輸送速度可達(dá)60m/min或更高些,加工模塊快速移動(dòng)速度達(dá)40m/min。 At present, the accompanying transmission speeds up to 60m/min fixture or later some, fast-moving speed of processing modules 40m/min. At present, the accompanying high-speed conveyor fixture common control with electro-hydraulic proportional valve or cyclonical driven conveyer. The late 70s, Honsberg body in its processing of automatic transmission line on the use of electro-hydraulic proportional valve controlled delivery device. Movement of the conveyor curves. As the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control system has a good start and braking performance, and the system structure is simple, so far, this conveyor being used by many automated line.3、the rapid progress of flexible combination machine 十多年來(lái),作為組合機(jī)床重要用戶的汽車工業(yè),為迎合人們個(gè)性化需求,汽車變型品種日益增多(圖5),以多品種展開競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已成為汽車市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的特點(diǎn)之一,這使組合機(jī)床制造業(yè)面臨著變型多品種生產(chǎn)的挑戰(zhàn)。 10 years, as the combination of machine tools important to the users automobile industry, to meet the individual needs of people, cars become growing varieties (Figure 5), a multi-species competition has become one of the characteristics of market competition car, making Machine Tool Manufacturing industry faces many varieties of variant production challenges. 為適應(yīng)多品種生產(chǎn),傳統(tǒng)以加工單一品種的剛性組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線必須提高其柔性。 To meet the multi-species production and processing of a single species of conventional machine tools and automatic lines rigid composite to improve its flexibility. In the 70s, numerical control system reliability has been greatly improved, it is to late 70s and early 80s, as Alfing, Hller-Hille and Ex-cell-o and other companies have developed a flexible machining modules, and automatic line ( FTL), from CNC machine tools and flexible combination of automatic line has increased every year. 1988 to 1992, Japan Machine Tool and automatic line (including some other form of special machine tools) production NC rate has reached 32% 39%, output NC rate of 35% to 51%; the German Machine Tool and automatic line production The NC rate of 18% and 62%, 45% of the value NC 66% (Table 2). These figures show that over the past decade, the development of NC machine tool combination is very rapid. Should be noted that since the 90s into the car even more intense market competition, product market and further reduce the life of the new models and shorter development cycle (now usually 35 months), car varieties growing, so automotive industry to flexible automation increasing demand for technical equipment. Such as Toyota Motor Corporation, in the end of this centurys goal is to subordinate the factory the company flexible manufacturing systems coverage reached 100%.很顯然,組合機(jī)床及其自動(dòng)線在保持其高生產(chǎn)效率的條件下,進(jìn)一步提高其柔性就愈來(lái)愈具有重要意義。 Obviously, combination machine tool and its production line while maintaining its high productivity conditions, further enhancing its flexibility on the more important. 組合機(jī)床的柔性化主要是通過(guò)采用數(shù)控技術(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。Flexible modular machine tool is mainly through the use of numerical control technology to achieve. Development of flexible modular machine tool and an important prerequisite for flexible automatic line is the development of CNC machining module, which has a long history of development of processing technology for the development of CNC machining center modules to provide a mature experience. NC modules formed by the flexible modular machine tool and flexible automatic lines, can be changed through the application and the automatic tool changer CNC program to automatically replace the multi-axle box and change the processing itinerary of the working cycle, cutting parameters and processing location, in order to adapt to change type variety of processing. 柔性組合機(jī)床和柔性自動(dòng)線用的數(shù)控加工模塊,按其數(shù)控坐標(biāo)(軸)數(shù),主要有單坐標(biāo)(Z)、雙坐標(biāo)(XZ、YZ、ZU和ZB等)和三坐標(biāo)(XYZ)加工模塊;按其主軸數(shù),有單軸和多軸加工模塊,也有單軸和多軸復(fù)合加工模塊。Single-axis machining module by the NC slide and spindle assembly (or axle box, including for multi-axle box) form. Two-axis machining module by the cross slide and spindle CNC Components, such as two-coordinate CNC milling module. Column moving type CNC coordinate processing module (Figure 6), the tool can be realized in the three coordinate movement, according to workpiece varieties and processing tasks with Tool, tool change and the required mechanical hand tools, high Flexible. This processing module is flexible automatic line processing of multi species one of the most important modules. 立柱移動(dòng)式CNC三坐標(biāo)加工模塊可利用X軸和Y軸的聯(lián)動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)周邊銑削工藝,特別是在銑削象變速箱體這類剛性較差的工件時(shí),可采用較小直徑的銑刀,實(shí)現(xiàn)高速(切削速度達(dá)2500m/min)周邊銑削,由此減小加工時(shí)的切削力和工件的變形。 Mobile column CNC machining module can make use of X coordinate axis and Y axis of the linkage to achieve the peripheral milling process, particularly in the milling body such as the transmission of less rigid workpiece, we can use smaller diameter cutter, high-speed (cutting speed up to 2500m/min) milling around, thus reducing processing time of cutting force and workpiece deformation. This is more than double coordinate milling module for milling cutters with large diameter to be superior. Multi-axis machining module is another important module, mainly for processing box and disc type work flexible combination of machine tools and flexible automatic lines.這類模塊有多種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,但基本上可分為自動(dòng)換箱式多軸加工模塊(圖7)、轉(zhuǎn)塔式多軸加工模塊(圖8)和回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)式多軸加工模塊(圖9)。 How such module structure of different forms, but basically can be divided into automatic processing module for box-type multi-axis (Figure 7), turret multi-axis machining module (Figure 8) and multi-axis machining module Rotary Table (Figure 9). As for box-type module automatically be set in a special multi-axle box to store more and more libraries axle box, it can be used to process more parts of different species. 而轉(zhuǎn)塔式和回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)式多軸加工模塊,由于在轉(zhuǎn)塔頭和回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)上允許裝的多軸箱數(shù)量有限(一般為46個(gè)),所以這種加工模塊只能實(shí)現(xiàn)有限品種的加工。 The turret and multi-axis machining module Rotary Table, due to the turret head and turn the table to allow installation of a limited number of multi-axle box (usually 4 to 6 months), so this processing module can only achieve limited variety of processing. 在自動(dòng)線上采用CNC三坐標(biāo)加工模塊和轉(zhuǎn)塔式多軸加工模塊,不僅可實(shí)現(xiàn)不同品種工件的加工,而且在自動(dòng)線節(jié)拍時(shí)間內(nèi)(如果節(jié)拍時(shí)間允許的話),這類加工模塊還可以在同一個(gè)加工工位上通過(guò)其自動(dòng)換刀或換箱,依次實(shí)現(xiàn)多道加工工序(粗鏜、半精鏜和精鏜;鉆孔、擴(kuò)孔和攻絲),從而減少自動(dòng)線的加工工位數(shù),縮短自動(dòng)線的長(zhǎng)度。 CNC Coordinate with automatic online processing modules and turret multi-axis machining modules, not only enables workpieces of different varieties, but also in the automatic line beat of time (if time permits, then the beat), this type of processing module can also be in the same processing station on the exchange through its automatic tool changing or box, and then click to realize multi-channel processing operation (rough boring, semi-fine boring and precision boring; drilling, reaming and tapping), thereby reducing the processing work automatically line the median, Automatic line to shorten the length. 單軸和多軸復(fù)合加工模塊是一種三坐標(biāo)數(shù)控加工模塊,可通過(guò)自動(dòng)換刀或自動(dòng)更換多軸箱而實(shí)現(xiàn)單軸加工或多軸加工。 Single and multi-axis coordinate complex processing module is a CNC machining modules, can be automatically replaced by ATC, or multi-axle box and the realization of single-axis machining or multi-axis machining.值得提及的是,在80年代中期德國(guó)Honsberg公司推出的CNCMACH模塊化系統(tǒng)(圖10)是很有特色的一種模塊化系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)充分應(yīng)用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)原理,在作為系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)模塊的CNC三坐標(biāo)模塊上,通過(guò)增減各種不同的功能模塊,拼裝成各種不同坐標(biāo)或不用工藝用途的加工模塊。 It is worth mentioning that in the mid 80s the company introduced CNCMACH Germany Honsberg modular system are characteristic of a modular system, modular structure of the full application of the principle as a basic module of the CNC system CMM module, through changes in various functional modules, assembled into a variety of different processes do not use coordinates or processing modules. Specifically, from the coordinates, except coordinate, it can also form two-coordinate and single-axis machining module; view from the Tool can be installed in libraries and multi-axle box tool libraries, can be realized individually or axle box of tools automatic replacement can also be followed to achieve the replacement tool and multi-axle box. CNCMACH系統(tǒng),不僅在機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)方面,而且在控制和軟件等方面也是模塊化的。 CNC MACH system, not only in the mechanical structure, but also in control and software is modular and so on. Therefore, the use of the system modules can be easily assembled into flexible transfer lines (FTL), flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) or flexible manufacturing system (FMS). In addition to the various CNC machining modules, the robot and servo-driven machine tools and jigs is also flexible combination of a key component of flexible automatic lines. Particularly in the flexible nature of automatic online, now more common use of air-frame gantry robot automatic loading and unloading workpieces, for workpiece transfer position or flipped. For the handling of different workpieces can be set in the automatic line next to the gripper base in order to achieve the automatic gripper change. Fixture equipped with servo drives, to adapt to different job families in the automatic clamping work pieces. 該線采用的數(shù)控加工模塊有四個(gè)雙坐標(biāo)數(shù)控銑削模塊、六個(gè)數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔式多軸加工模塊和六個(gè)數(shù)控三坐標(biāo)加工模塊。 The line used in CNC machining module has four double-axis NC milling module, six CNC turret CNC multi-axis machining module and six coordinate processing module. Secondary station and the cleaning station operations by the robot workstation installation folder. As the composition of automatic wire processing module is NC, when the transformation process from a workpiece to another workpiece processing, simply by changing the NC program on the line, without the need for machinery, adjustment and modification. 4、 the increasing degree of integrated automation近十年來(lái),為進(jìn)一步提高工件的加工精度和減少工件在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的中間儲(chǔ)存、搬運(yùn)以及縮短生產(chǎn)流程時(shí)間,將工件加工流程中的一些非切削加工工序(如工序間的清洗、測(cè)量、裝配和試漏等)集成到自動(dòng)線或自動(dòng)線組成的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中(圖15),以實(shí)現(xiàn)工件加工、表面處理、測(cè)量和裝配等工序的綜合自動(dòng)Over the past decade, in order to further improve the machining accuracy of workpiece and the workpiece during the production process to reduce intermediate storage, handling and production processes to shorten the time the workpiece machining process in some non-cutting operations (such as inter-process cleaning, measurement, assembly and leak testing, etc.) integrated into the automated line or automatic line production system consisting of (Figure 15), in order to achieve workpiece machining, surface treatment, measurement and assembly processes of integrated automation. 清洗 Clean:In the automatic line and automatic line consisting of production systems, cleaning equipment, parts of the process is mainly used for cleaning and parts between the final cleaning. 工件的工序間清洗主要是為下一道工序創(chuàng)造必要的工作條件。 Between the cleaning processes the workpiece is mainly for the next process to create the necessary conditions of work. For example, the workpiece blank in the painting before, after processing the workpiece datum, deburring, the measurements carried out before and a variety of cleaning before assembly. 當(dāng)今,鑒于我們?nèi)祟愘囈陨娴沫h(huán)境日益受到工業(yè)污染的破壞,環(huán)境保護(hù)已引起人們的普遍重視。 Today, in view of the survival of our human environment is increasingly damaged by industrial pollution; environmental protection has attracted much attention. 近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外越來(lái)越關(guān)注工業(yè)清洗對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。 In recent years, more and more concerned with industrial cleaning at home and abroad on the environment. 這就促使許多工業(yè)部門的零件清洗轉(zhuǎn)向應(yīng)用水劑清洗(采用酸性、中性或堿性清洗液,清洗液中主要含有磷酸鹽、活性劑和絡(luò)合劑等),這種水劑清洗主要根據(jù)工件清洗質(zhì)量要求而采用噴淋(分散清洗)和浸漬(集中清洗)兩種工藝。 This has prompted many industries move on aqueous parts cleaning washing (using acidic, neutral or alkaline cleaning liquid, cleaning liquid containing mainly phosphate, active agents and complexing agents, etc.), primarily on the basis of such aqueous cleaning workpiece quality requirements and use of cleaning spray (distributed cleaning) and immersion (concentrated cleaning) are two processes. 基于環(huán)境保護(hù)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作工人的保健和清洗工藝的合理化等要求,目前,清洗機(jī)已普遍采用封閉式布局,整個(gè)清洗過(guò)程是自動(dòng)進(jìn)行的,設(shè)備控制采用可編程控制器,并自動(dòng)監(jiān)控所有機(jī)械動(dòng)作和工藝技術(shù)參數(shù)。 Based on environmental protection, health care workers, field operations and cleaning process of rationalization and other requirements, now, cleaning machine has been widely used closed-end layout, Zheng Ge cleaning process is automatic and programmable controller equipment control, and automatic monitoring of all mechanical action and technical parameters. In such washing machines integrated evaporation, filtration, material recovery and processing devices, as shown in Figure 16 is a German Benz steering shell cleaning process. The washing machine is closed layout, the cleaning process is conducted in a closed system, through a cleaning fluid purification support system to achieve the recycling of cleaning fluid. In this system, as a purification unit is a core component of purification and recycling modules cleaning. The module consists of ultra-fine filters and evaporator joint composition, use of the integrated purification equipment and cleaning fluid produced by distilled water, re-used for parts cleaning and rinsing. 5、Automatic measurement 在自動(dòng)線上采用自動(dòng)測(cè)量旨在對(duì)工件的加工質(zhì)量進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。 Automatic line automatic measurement of the workpiece to the processing quality control. In recent years, due to the increasingly automated line to shorten cycle times, the accuracy of the workpiece and the measurement and also become increasingly demanding production conditions, therefore the automatic measurement system must not only work with high speed and high work precision, and to have strong anti-environmental interference (such as chips, dust, steam coolant, oil, vibration and temperature, etc.) capability or some interference with the measurement system can automatically compensate the amount of performance. 在自動(dòng)線上,自動(dòng)測(cè)量可分為加工前測(cè)量和加工后測(cè)量。 The automatic line, automatic measurement can be divided into pre-processing measurement and processed measurements. 加工前測(cè)量是在工件加工前通過(guò)測(cè)量以確定工件的特征,并利用測(cè)量結(jié)果來(lái)調(diào)整刀具相對(duì)于工件待加工部位的位置,然后進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的加工。 Processing before the measurement is in the workpiece before the workpiece by measuring to determine the characteristics and use measurements to adjust the tool position relative to the location of
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