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1、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 基本構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（包括be）的過(guò)去時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?！咀ⅰ坎徽撌欠穸ň溥€是一般疑問(wèn)句，只要用了助動(dòng)詞，原句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)都要還原成動(dòng)詞原形；主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，主語(yǔ)要和was和were在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：I lived here 5 years ago.表示在過(guò)
2、去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的形式有時(shí)并不表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作而是只表示說(shuō)話人的委婉語(yǔ)氣。例如：could you tell me your name? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞否定形式：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,today, tonight, this week, this year, al
3、ready, yet, just, since, recently,in the past few years等等 for和since的運(yùn)用for表“經(jīng)歷(一段時(shí)間)”，而since表“自從以來(lái)”。例如： 1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours. 2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3oclock. 4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:1. Wehavehadthenewcomputer_aweek.2.
4、 HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthisschool_1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother_overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit_twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit_twoyears.sincesinceforsincefor for Jameshasbeen
5、inCanada_Monday. JameshasbeeninCanada_fourdays. JamescametoCanadafourdays_. MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_15years. MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years_. ShehaslivedinBrazil_15years_. Mikehasbeeninhospital_October. Mikehasbeeninhospital_twomonths Mikecametothehospitaltwomonths_ Hehasbeeninhospital_twomonths_填 上 sinc
6、e,for或 者 ago. sincefor agofor agosince agosincefor agosince ago already和yet的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑問(wèn)句或否定句末。但表驚訝時(shí)already也可用于疑問(wèn)句。例如： 1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work. 2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit? Shallweeatlunch?Iam_hungry. Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_? No
7、,not_. Hasthebellrung_? Yes,Ithas_rung. Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired_. Wehave_changedtheplanbecauseLindahasntmadeuphermind_.Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_? Yes.Wehave_orderedit.already yetyet yetalreadyalready yet yetalready yetFillinalreadyoryetwhenneeded 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法目前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：
8、I have lost my wallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢花了.) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for,since連用。例如：Mary has been ill for three days. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：We have had four texts this semester. 使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)注意：“ have/ has got ”形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/ has 為同一意義，即 “有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend? -Yes, I have
9、. have/ has gone to 與 have/has been to 的區(qū)別：have/ has gone to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去而未歸”； have/ has been to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去而歸還”。 have/ hasbeen to常和once, twice, never, ever連用； have/ has gone to則不可。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。
10、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別（1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） 過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go
11、, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來(lái)了。 He has been in New York for many years. Have you ever been to Beijing？ 總結(jié)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday,last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): this morning, tonight,this April, n
12、ow, once，before, already, recently，lately 等。 比較練習(xí) 1. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put 2. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _
13、 to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 3. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been BCD 比較練習(xí) 4. Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.
14、A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were 5. It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found 6. When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgottenD. had spoken; have forgottenCDB
一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別課件
