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1、虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 概 念 ： 謂 語(yǔ) v用 不 同 的 形 式 表 示 說(shuō) 話 人 的 不 同 意 圖 ， 這種 形 式 稱 為 語(yǔ) 氣 。 語(yǔ) 氣 分 三 種 ：1.陳 述 語(yǔ) 氣 ： 用 來(lái) 陳 述 一 個(gè) 事 實(shí) ， 或 提 出 一 種 看 法 ， 有肯 定 、 否 定 、 疑 問(wèn) 、 感 嘆 等 形 式 。He is late for class. What fun!He is not interested in classical music.2.祈 使 語(yǔ) 氣 ： 用 來(lái) 表 示 請(qǐng) 求 、 邀 請(qǐng) 、 命 令 、 警 告 或 勸 告等 （ 動(dòng) 詞 常 用 原 形 ）Dont be
2、late！3.虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 ： 表 示 說(shuō) 話 人 所 說(shuō) 的 不 是 事 實(shí) ， 而 是 一 種 假設(shè) 、 愿 望 、 懷 疑 或 推 測(cè) 。 一 、 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 在 if非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 中虛 擬 條 件 從 句 (If) 主 句與 現(xiàn) 在 事 實(shí) 相反 的 假 設(shè)與 過(guò) 去 事 實(shí) 相反 的 假 設(shè)與 將 來(lái) 事 實(shí) 相反 的 假 設(shè) 主 語(yǔ) +did/were 主 語(yǔ) +should / would/could / might + do主 語(yǔ) + had done 主 語(yǔ) + should / would/ could / might + have done 主 語(yǔ) +1.
3、did2.should do 3.were to do 主 語(yǔ) +should / would/could / might + do If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.1.如 果 我 是 你 ， 我 會(huì) 接 受 他 的 建 議 。2.如 果 明 天 下 雨 ， 我 會(huì) 待 在 家 里 。3.如 果 你 以 前 好 好 學(xué) 習(xí) ， 你 會(huì) 通 過(guò) 考 試 的 。If I were you, I would accept his advice.If it rained/should rain/were to
4、 rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. You didn t let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A.drove; didn t getB.drove; wouldn t getC.were driving; wouldn t getD.had driven; wouldn t have got _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A.Were B. Should C.Would D.
5、Will 注 意 ：1.錯(cuò) 綜 時(shí) 間 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣當(dāng) 從 句 主 句 所 表 示 的 行 為 所 發(fā) 生 的 時(shí) 間 不 一 致時(shí) ， 動(dòng) 詞 的 形 式 要 根 據(jù) 它 所 表 示 的 時(shí) 間 作 出 相應(yīng) 的 調(diào) 整 。If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard before, you _(be)a college student now.had followedwould behad studiedwould be If you _ with George earlier, y
6、ou _ so angry now.A.talked; would not beB.had talked; would not beC.would talk; would not beD.had talked; would not have been If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now.A.is not pollutedB.would not be pollutedC.had not been pollutedD.would not have been pollut
7、ed 2. if從 句 中 ， were， had（ 完 成 時(shí) 態(tài) 標(biāo) 志 ） ， should可以 放 在 句 首 ， （ 用 于 倒 裝 結(jié) 構(gòu) ） ， if必 須 省 略 。 否 定 詞not不 能 放 在 前 面 。1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then), I wouldnt have been very happy.2.If I were you, I would accept his advice.3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay
8、at home.4.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow, 3、 含 蓄 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 有 時(shí) 為 了 表 達(dá) 的 需 要 ， 在 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 中 ， 并 不 總是 出 現(xiàn) if引 導(dǎo) 的 條 件 句 ， 而 通 過(guò) 其 它 手 段 來(lái) 代 替條 件 句 。常 用 的 有 介 詞 with， without， but fo
9、r（ 倘 沒(méi) 有 ，要 不 是 ） ； 連 詞 or， but； 副 詞 otherwise等 。1.I was ill that day. O therwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadn t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.3.I sh
10、ould have given you more help, but I was too busy.4.What would you do with a million dollars? 5.Without / But for your help, we couldn t have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help, Without electricity, human being life _ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have bee
11、nD.would be But for his help, I _.A.should not have succeededB.have not succeededC.did not succeedD.had not succeeded He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.would scoreD.would have scored Why didn t you buy it? I _ but I didn t have the money.
12、A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought 二 、 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 的 其 他 用 法1.as if / as though（ 好 像 ） +從 句與 現(xiàn) 在 相 反 did/were與 過(guò) 去 相 反 had done與 將 來(lái) 相 反 would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(區(qū) 分 even if/though) 注 意 ： 若 表 示 的 確 有 某 種 可 能 (尤
13、 指 天 氣 ） ，也 可 不 用 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 。Eg. Look! The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain .When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2.It is (high / about) time (that) sb did/ sb should（ 不 可 省 略 ） + do該 是 某 人 做 某
14、事 的 時(shí) 候 了 。It is high time that you got up/should get up. I m getting tired; it s time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going 3.wish/if only(要 是 就 好 了 ） +從 句 與 現(xiàn) 在 事 實(shí) 相 反 did/were 與 過(guò) 去 事 實(shí) 相 反 had done（ 或 用 could have done） 與 將 來(lái) 事 實(shí) 相 反 could/would/might + do I wish (that)he_(vi
15、sit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_(visit)us today.I wish he_(visit) us yesterday. had visited us/ could have visited us would /could /might visitvisitedIf only you _ （ listen)to our advice!If only I _ (be)a bird!had listenedwere 4.在 would rather+賓 語(yǔ) 從 句 中與 現(xiàn) 在 或 將 來(lái) 事 實(shí) 相 反 did/were與 過(guò) 去 事 實(shí) 相 反 had
16、 done即 ： would rather sb did/ had doneI would rather you _(come) here tomorrow.I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth. camehadnt told 5.用 于 表 示建 議 （ advise/ suggest/ propose/recommend）命 令 (order/ command)要 求 (demand/require/ request/ desire)堅(jiān) 持 要 求 (insist) 等 詞 相 連 的 從 句 中 需 用 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 ：sb （ sho
17、uld） + do1.I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (賓 語(yǔ) 從 句 )2.My advice is that we (should) tell him the news.3.I made a suggestion that he-(同 位 語(yǔ) 從 句 )4.It is suggested that he-(主 語(yǔ) 從 句 )5.My suggestion was that he-(表 語(yǔ) 從 句 ) 區(qū) 別 ：This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.(定
18、 語(yǔ) 從 句 )The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived. A. didn t touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch 注 意 ：suggest:表 明 ， 暗 示 陳 述 語(yǔ) 氣 建 議 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣Her pale face suggested that she _（ be)ill and that she _(send) to hospital immediately.Insist： 堅(jiān) 持 說(shuō) ， 堅(jiān) 持 認(rèn) 為 陳 述 語(yǔ) 氣 堅(jiān) 持 主 張 ， 堅(jiān)
19、持 要 求 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣He insisted that he _(not steal) the money and insisted that he _(set) free.was(should) be senthadnt stolen(should) be set 6.主 語(yǔ) 從 句 中 的 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 （ 主 要 是 it作 形 式 主 語(yǔ) ）It is necessary / important / natural / strange / funny/ surprising/ a pity / a shame/ no wonder/ suggested / advised/rec
20、ommended / desired 等 that sb (should) + do It is strange that he (should) have treated his parents like that.It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless.It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.注 意 ： 以 上 句 式 也 可 用 于 陳 述 語(yǔ) 氣 It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法總結(jié)
