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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示一個(gè)在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。
它們屬于不同時(shí)間的兩種時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的
范疇，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)屬于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的范疇。
下面我們先從構(gòu)成形式上區(qū)別一下兩種時(shí)態(tài)。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為：“ (ha ves)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分
詞” 像 have/has done ：而一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為： “動(dòng)
詞的過(guò)去式”像 did . 例如：
Jack ’
2、s mother took him to school every day when he
was in primary school.
杰克在小學(xué)時(shí)他媽媽每天送他上學(xué)。
Maria has never read any Chinese stories. 瑪利亞從未
讀過(guò)中國(guó)故事。
2. 基本用法不同： “對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響” 、“持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”
正如前面所說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，屬現(xiàn)在時(shí)
態(tài)的范疇，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)最大的區(qū)別有兩點(diǎn)：它
側(cè)重
3、于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)是一
種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，側(cè)重于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作， 與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。 例
如:
Yesterday I went to the zoo. 昨天我去了動(dòng)物園。 （僅說(shuō)明
昨天去了動(dòng)物園，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）
Li Lei has read the book. 李磊已看過(guò)那本書(shū)。 （說(shuō)明李磊
了解那本書(shū)的內(nèi)容）
另外， 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直
延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性它
4、常與 for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的
一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：
He has lived here for ten years. 他已在這兒住了 10 年了。
比較：
1.) The Greens have worked in China since 1998.
格林一家自 1998 年到現(xiàn)在一直在中國(guó)工作。
The Greens worked in China in 1998. 格林一家
1998
5、
年在
中國(guó)工作。
2.) He has lived in the country for a long time.
他在農(nóng)
村生活了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
（現(xiàn)在還在農(nóng)村）
He lived in the country for a long time before he came
to town.
他進(jìn)城前在農(nóng)村生活了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
3.) She has bought a bicycle. 她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。 （現(xiàn)在她
6、
有一輛自行車(chē)了。 ）
She bought a bicycle last year. 去年她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。
4.) He has won a prize for his invention.
他因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)明而獲獎(jiǎng)了。 He also won a prize last year.
他去年也獲獎(jiǎng)了。
注意：
在與 for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，終止性動(dòng)詞不可和一段時(shí)間連
7、用。
例如：他當(dāng)兵已三年了。
誤： He has become a soldier for three years.
誤： He joined the army for three years.
正： He has been a soldier for three years.
正： He has been in the army for three years.
1. 連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同
與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)除了上面所說(shuō)明的由 since 和
for 引導(dǎo)的一
8、段時(shí)間外還有： already, yet, still ,just, so far,
in the last(past), before, ever, never 等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則
常與 ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now 等連用。
注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)不可與 yesterday, last week, two days
ago 等之類(lèi)的表示具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：
Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on t
9、he grass
in the park?
你曾在公園里摘過(guò)花或曾踩過(guò)草地嗎？
Father bought that watch ten years ago.
爸爸 10 年前買(mǎi)了那塊手表。
I have never seen the film before.
我以前沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部影片。
注意：在 when 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中不可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而
只可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：
When did you vis
10、it Japan? 你什么時(shí)候訪問(wèn)過(guò)日本？
Exercises:
◇同步練習(xí)
動(dòng)詞填空：
1. saw I ___________(see) Tom last Friday.
2. Did ， go
Great Wall last summer?
________you ________(go) to the
3. When ____did__ you ___start__
11、__(start) to
live in China?
5. ----The train ____________ (leave) already.
----When ________ the train
_________(leave)?
6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you
last.
7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last
12、
two weeks?
8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom.
I have to write with a pencil.
單項(xiàng)選擇：
( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder? I can
see it anywhere.
---- I _______ it right
13、here. But now it
gone!
A. did you put; have put you put; put
’ t
’ s
B. have
C. had you put; was putting D. were
you putti
14、ng; have put
( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to
this school.
A. taught; came B. has
taught; came
C. taught; has come D. has
taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you
’ ve missed the train.
15、It
_______ 10 minutes ago. ( 山東 )
left
A. left
D. had left
B. has left
C. has been
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It
year since I last ________ you.( 重慶 )
’
16、s one
A. saw B. see C.
seeing D. have seen
( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,
Elsa? （寧波）
---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday.
A. have visited B. had visited C.
visited D. visit
( ) 6. ---- Ni
17、ce to see you. I _______ you for a
long time. ( 南京 )
---- I ______ in Bejing. I ’ve just come back.
A. hadn
’t seen; am
B. haven
’t
seen; was
C. didn
18、
’tsee; will be
D. haven
’t
seen; shall be
(
) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer
here?
---- There ______ very little rain.
A. has B. has
19、
C.
are been D. have been
( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary?
A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose
does; lose
( ) 9. Where ______ you _______? Which answer is
not right?
20、
A. are; going B. have;
D.
been
C. did; go D. are; doing
( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my
hometown since ten years ago.
A. were B. have
are
21、D. have been
Keys:
動(dòng)詞填空：
1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put start 5. has left, did, leave 6. met
8. have lost
單項(xiàng)選擇：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD
C.
4. did,
7. have, been
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
