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1、英英 語語 高高 考考 語法語法 講講 解解(虛擬語氣專題虛擬語氣專題)一、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣一、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣(if 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo))二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣六、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣六、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形
2、式來表示。式來表示。1. 虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句 if 從句 主句現(xiàn)在 過去式 would (should, could, might)+動(dòng)原將來 同上過去 had done would (should, could, might)+ have done過去式should+動(dòng)原 were to+動(dòng)原 考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go
3、2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask學(xué)習(xí)虛擬條件句還要注意以下4點(diǎn)
4、：（1）省略）省略if 若虛擬條件句中有若虛擬條件句中有 were, had, should 時(shí)，可省時(shí)，可省略略 if 而將而將 were, had, should 移到句首。如：移到句首。如：（1）If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,（2）_ for the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt l
5、ive C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live（2）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句虛擬條件句與主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間有時(shí)不虛擬條件句與主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間有時(shí)不一致，要注意主從句謂語形式。一致，要注意主從句謂語形式?？碱}考題 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my
6、hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month.2.You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句3. If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do
7、 now. 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個(gè)介詞來表示或通過上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虛擬： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive now. （3）含蓄虛擬條件句）含蓄虛擬條件句 Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the grou
8、nd when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.She would leave her husband except for children.如果沒有孩子的話如果沒有孩子的話,她就會(huì)離開她的丈夫的她就會(huì)離開她的丈夫的考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would hav
9、e taken D 2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scoredD3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have been begun C. had not begun D. would not have begunDif only過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去
10、時(shí) 對(duì)過去虛擬對(duì)過去虛擬 對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬could + 完成時(shí)完成時(shí)（4）if only 從句從句if only 若是若是.那該多好啊那該多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要.就好就好1. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes.2. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer.3. If only he had arrived in time.would /could/mig
11、ht +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)將來虛擬對(duì)將來虛擬比較比較if only與與only if only if 表示表示“只有只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.考題考題 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should seeB 2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B
12、. lay C. had lain D. should lie(lie 躺，躺，lay, lain)C二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.wish后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將從句的謂與事實(shí)相反的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將從句的謂語動(dòng)詞退后一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如語動(dòng)詞退后一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如: 1)與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.2)與與過去過去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 : wish + (tha
13、t)+had doneI wish I had been to the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.3)與與將來將來事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 : wish + would/could/might+doI wish he would forgive me.2. 在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中需用在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中需用should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形的的虛擬語氣形式。虛擬語氣形式?！皊hould”可以省略?？梢允÷浴３Ｒ姷膭?dòng)詞有常見的動(dòng)詞有:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist; 兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令order, command ; 三條建議三條建議
14、suggest , advise, propose;六項(xiàng)要求六項(xiàng)要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire,注意注意: suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 時(shí)時(shí) insist表表堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)不時(shí)不用虛擬語氣用虛擬語氣He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. Is it
15、 necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowedDBB三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣三、
16、主語從句中的虛擬語氣基本句型：基本句型： 1. It be+過去分詞過去分詞+that+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+過去分詞：過去分詞：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, demanded, arranged, desired, advisedIt is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.2. It be+形容詞形容詞+that+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+形容詞形容詞:imp
17、ortant, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,proper, funny, strange, surprising It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.How strange that you should not have heard it!It is quite natural that she should succeed.3. It be+名詞（名詞（
18、 a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.你得在旅館里度過一天看來是一件遺憾的事情你得在旅館里度過一天看來是一件遺憾的事情.It is a burning shame that little children should have to beg in the street.小孩們得在街上乞討小孩們得在街上乞討,這是一件嚴(yán)重的可恥的事這是一件嚴(yán)重的可恥的事.It is no wonder
19、that she should not write to you.她不給你寫信一點(diǎn)也不奇怪她不給你寫信一點(diǎn)也不奇怪.四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.1)表語從句:2)同位語從句:I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.考題點(diǎn)
20、擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACAa
21、s if/as though過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)Would /could/might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)過去虛擬對(duì)過去虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬對(duì)將來虛擬對(duì)將來虛擬They talked as if they had been friends for years.She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child.It is so cool as if it were autumn.She looks as though he had been ill.It looks as if it might rain.五
22、、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 用在用在lest(惟恐惟恐,免得免得), for fear that(以免以免,為防止為防止起見起見)和和in case引引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形或或動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold.2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.3. She put her coat over the child for fear that he should
23、 catch cold.4. Heres some money in case you should need it.lest /for fear that/in case+ 句子句子(should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形) 考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B. exploded C. explode
24、 D. had explodeCC幾種特殊句式的虛擬語氣幾種特殊句式的虛擬語氣:would rather + do something(寧愿做某事寧愿做某事)would rather+ 句句子子(虛擬虛擬)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)對(duì)過去虛擬對(duì)過去虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬對(duì)將來虛擬對(duì)將來虛擬I would rather you posted the letter right away.I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came
25、 next weekend.Id rather she hadnt done that.It is (high, about,low) time that一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形此處的此處的should一般不省略一般不省略注意注意: 此句型與下面的句型的區(qū)別此句型與下面的句型的區(qū)別:It is time for somebody to do something.It is the first time that從句從句 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It was the first time that從句從句 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)It is time for us to h
26、ave dinner.It is (about/high) time that we had dinner.It is the first that he have gone there.It was the first time that he had gone there.Would you mind + if從句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用一般過去時(shí)從句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用一般過去時(shí).Would you mind if I opened the window?如果我打開窗戶如果我打開窗戶, 你不反對(duì)嗎你不反對(duì)嗎?Do you mind if I smoke?我抽煙你不介意吧我抽煙你不介意吧?注意注意:
27、would you mind doing sth. Would you mind my smoking?高考鏈接:1. I DIDNT SEE YOUR SISTER AT THE MEETING. IF SHE , SHE WOULD HAVE MET MY BROTHER. A. HAS COME B. DID COME C. CAME D. HAD COME (MET94) 2. WHEN A PENCIL IS PARTLY IN A GLASS OF WATER, IT LOOKS AS IF IT . A. BREAKS B. HAS BROKEN C. WERE BROKEN D
28、. HAD BEEN BROKEN (MET95)3. YOU DIDNT LET ME DRIVE. IF WE IN TURN, YOU SO TIRED.A. DROVE ; DIDNT GET B. DROVE ; WOULDNT GETC. WERE DRIVING ;WOULDNT GET D. HAD DRIVEN ; WOULDNT HAVE GOT (MET95)4.WITHOUT THE AIR TO HOLD SOME OF THE SUNS HEAT, THE EARTH AT NIGHT ,TOO COLD FOR US TO LIVE.A. WOULD BE FRE
29、EZING COLD B. WILL BE FREEZING COLDLYC. WOULD BE FROZEN COLD D. CAN FREEZE COLDLY(上海97)DCDA5._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the meeting. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will (上海上海94)6. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.A. b
30、e; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has (上海上海94)7._ for the free tickets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not(上海上海95)8.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _something.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said(上海上海96)BBCD
高考英語語法專題講解 之 虛擬語氣課件
