2020年高考英語 必考點 專題16閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測題（高效演練）（含解析）

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1、專題16 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測題——高效演練 A An exciting landing process of Chang'e-4 lunar probe (月球探測器 ) was seen through the monitor at Beijing Aerospace Control Center in Beijing, Jan. 3, 2019. It touched down on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a.m. Beijing Time, becoming the first spacecraft soft-landing

2、on the moon's unknown side never visible from Earth. China's Chang'e-4 probe has started the exploration on the far side of the moon thanks to the relay satellite that provides a communication link with ground control. The relay satellite, named Queqiao, meaning Magpie Bridge, after a Chinese legen

3、d (傳說 ) , was launched on May 21, 2018, and became the first communication satellite operating in the halo orbit, nearly 500,000 km from the earth. It can also provide communication for probes from other countries. The relay satellite will also be used for scientific and technological experiments. T

4、he maximum distance between the satellite and the Chang'e-4 probe on the far side of the moon is 79,000 km. The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth. The satellite can stay in its orbit for a long time due to its relatively low fuel consumption, as the earth's and moon's gr

5、avity balances its orbital moving. While in orbit, it can "see" both the earth and the far side of the moon. The concept of using a relay satellite in the halo orbit was first put forward by U.S. space experts in the 1960s, but was realized by Chinese space engineers. Researchers hope to use the c

6、ameras on the satellite to record asteroids (小行星 ) hitting the far side of the moon. To control the cost of the Chang'e-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg. Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure.

7、 To promote public interest in space exploration, the China National Space Administration invited people to write down their wishes for lunar and space exploration, and the relay satellite carries the names of tens of thousands of participants and their messages. 這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章報道了北京時間2019年1月3日10時26分，我國

8、嫦娥四號探測器成功登陸月球背面，并通過“鵲橋”中繼衛(wèi)星傳回了世界第一張近距離拍攝的月背影像圖。 1. What do we learn from the second paragraph? A. The relay satellite was launched on Jan. 3, 2019. B. Chang'e-4 probe was the first communication satellite. C. The relay satellite only explores the far side of the moon. D. The relay satellite can

9、 handle data from Chang'e-4 probe. 【答案】 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth.可知，中繼衛(wèi)星可以處理來自嫦娥四號探測器的數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。 2. Why was the size of the relay satellite relatively small? A. To reduce the cost as much as possible. B. To make it circle Moon for a longer t

10、ime. C. To avoid being crashed by other satellites. D. To follow American space experts' advice.’ 【答案】A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的To control the cost of the Chang'e-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg.可知，中繼衛(wèi)星的尺寸相對較小是為了節(jié)約成本，故選A。 3. What made researcher

11、s suffer from great stress? A. Few people interested in the exploration on the moon. B. The relay satellite carrying too much equipment. C. Their lacking enough time to develop the relay satellite. D. People's never being optimistic about the relay satellite. 【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Researchers

12、 had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure. 可知，研究者們壓力很大是因為他們只有30個月的時間開發(fā)這個衛(wèi)星，即缺乏時間，故選C。 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. China is a new space power after the USA. B. Chang'e-4 probe lands on Moon's far side. C. Chinese space engineers make much progress

13、. D. Space exploration is a dangerous challenge. 【答案】 B 【解析】主旨大意題。文章主要報道了嫦娥四號探測器成功登陸月球，文章介紹了衛(wèi)星在月球登陸的情況，因此，本文的主要內(nèi)容是嫦娥四號探測器在月球背面著陸。故選B。 B With its snow-covered mountains and a variety of wildlife, Yellow Stone National Park is one of the scenic treasures of the United States. Located primarily in

14、 Wyoming, the park hosts millions of visitors every year. If you plan to travel within the park, keep in mind advice from the National Park Service. Seasonal Travel Travel varies vastly from season to season. Roads are generally open in the summer except for cases of rock or mud slides, wild fires

15、, accidents or road construction. Early snows in the fall can cause some roads to close temporarily. In the winter almost all roads are closed to motor vehicles, but snowmobiles and other snow vehicles with tracks are allowed. Roads begin to open for the spring by the latter part of April but can cl

16、ose if snowfall continues. Driving Time Grand Loop is the main road through Yellowstone National Park; it passes by most of the major attractions. These include Old Faithful, Yellowstone Lake and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. The maximum speed limit on the Grand Loop is 45 miles per hour, but t

17、he speed limit drops during some of the winding and twisting sections of this narrow road. Allow yourself at least two days to fully travel the loop due to the size of the park and being sometimes stuck in heavy traffic. Safety Awareness Buffalo(水牛)often block the roads in the park as they move th

18、rough the fields. If a group is traveling across the road you are on you can either wait for them to pass or find an alternative route. If you get out of your vehicle, the National Park Service says to stay at least 25 yards from any buffalo (and 100 yards or more away from bears and wolves). Buffal

19、o are particularly unpredictable and charge people at speeds up to 30 mph. You can take your bicycle on any public roads and routes designed for bikes, but bicycles are not allowed on the park roads which are narrow with few shoulders. Altitudes range from 5, 300 to 8, 860 feet. The National Park S

20、ervice recommends cyclists wear helmets and noticeable clothing. 本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了美國國家公園管理局給出的游覽黃石國家公園的建議。 5. What do we know about travelling in the Yellowstone Park? A. Roads will stay open in case of emergency. B. Traffic jam happens from time to time. C. The driving speed on the road can be 50

21、 mph. D. Motor vehicles are allowed in the winter. 【答案】 B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Driving Time部分中的“Allow yourself at least two days to fully travel the loop due to the size of the park and being sometimes stuck in heavy traffic.”可知，考慮到交通擁擠，給自己至少兩天時間來完成環(huán)行，由此可知，黃石公園的交通堵塞時有發(fā)生，故B項正確。 6. What does the National P

22、ark Service suggest people do about safety? A. Stay inside the car throughout the travel. B. Get out of their vehicles when coming across the Buffalo. C. Wear the easy-to-see clothes while bicycling. D. Avoid bicycling on the public roads. 【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Safety Awareness部分中的“The National P

23、ark Service recommends cyclists wear helmets and noticeable clothing.”可知，美國國家公園管理局建議騎自行車游覽公園的人戴頭盔和穿醒目的衣服，故C項正確。 7. From which is the text probably taken? A. A guidebook. B. A commercial advertisement. C. A research paper. D. A geography textbook. 【答案】 A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了美國國家公園管理局給出的游

24、覽黃石國家公園的建議，屬于旅游范疇，最有可能出自旅游指南，故A項正確。 C If you live in Washington, D. C., or Redwood, Calif., you may have glimpsed a small, boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk, minding its own business, but attracting the attention of many a curious onlooker. The robots, which look like electric rice cooker

25、s with wheels, were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focused on delivering meals from local restaurants in dozens of cities around the world. This week, the company revealed plans to broaden it’s delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that made it “the wo

26、rld’s first robot package delivery service”. The package delivery service is only available in some cities in the US. The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4 mph and and can detect barriers from as far as 30 feet away. “The robot can operate through just about anything,” says Nick Handrick, head o

27、f operations for Starship’s D. C. office, “If you have something in the way, it’s able to climb it.” By giving customers control of when deliveries occur, Starship Technologies is promoting its service as a way to combat package theft. To sign up for the service, which costs a little more than $10

28、per month, customers need to download the company’s app. Customers then create a “Starship Delivery Address,” a unique address inside a Starship facility, instead of a home address, where they can have packages sent from places such as Amazon. com. Once a package is delivered to the Starship addres

29、s, customers receive a text notice that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robot. The robots are opened by customers with a mobile phone code (代碼). 這是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要講了在美國的一些城市，包裹可以由機(jī)器人運(yùn)送了。 8. What do we know about Starship Technologies company? A. Packages are delivered by its robots all ro

30、und America. B. Its robots have taken on package delivery for a long time. C. It is the first to provide robot package delivery service. D. Its delivery service is the best of all in the world. 【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段This week, the company revealed plans to broaden it’s delivery service beyond

31、 food to include packages, a move that made it “the world’s first robot paokage delivery service”.（本周，該公司公布了將送貨服務(wù)從食品擴(kuò)展到包裹的計劃，此舉使其成為“世界上第一家送貨機(jī)器人”。）由此可知星際飛船技術(shù)公司是第一家提供機(jī)器人包裹遞送服務(wù)的公司，故選C。 9. What does the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Delay. B. Prevent. C. Report D. Discover

32、. 【答案】B 【解析】詞義猜測題。上文By giving customers control of when deliveries occur說通過讓客戶控制何時發(fā)貨，推斷出下文Starship Technologies is promoting its service as a way to combat package theft.的意思是星際飛船技術(shù)公司正在推廣其服務(wù)，作為一種打擊包裹盜竊的方式。Combat意思是“阻止”，A. Delay.延期；B. Prevent.阻止；C. Report.報告；D. Discover.發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B。 10. What can we lear

33、n about robot package delivery service? A. Customers can’t open the robots without a mobile phone code. B. Starship Delivery Address is the customer’s home address. C. Customers have to pay a little more than $10 each time. D. Robots themselves have control over when to deliver packages. 【答案】A

34、 【解析】推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段The robots are opened by customers with a mobile phone code (這些機(jī)器人由顧客用手機(jī)代碼打開)，由此可知沒有手機(jī)密碼，顧客無法打開機(jī)器人，故選A。 11. What may be the best title for the passage? A. Robot Delivery Service Is Taking Off B. Humans Are Being Replaced by Robots C. Everything Can Be Done by Robots D. Packa

35、ges Can Be Delivered by Robots 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意題。第三段This week, the company revealed plans to broaden it’s delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that made it “the world’s first robot package delivery service”.是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要講了在美國的一些城市，包裹可以由機(jī)器人運(yùn)送了，故選D。 D What were you like

36、 as a teenager? I was a nightmare. I was rude to my parents, always stayed out late, never did my homework, hung out with the wrong people and made lots of bad decisions. Apparently, this is the age when teenagers are out of control and behave badly. Maybe，if you’re a teenager now, you think this is

37、 unfair criticism or it’s not your fault. Well, you might be right! Experts have found that it’s a teenager’s brain that is to blame. Between the ages of approximately 13 to 19—a period known as adolescence—the brain is still developing in areas that control behavior. This has an influence on learn

38、ing and multitasking(同時做多件事情), stress and memory, sleep, addiction, and decision-making. For parents, these consequences often manifest themselves in a variety of behaviors that they may have previously blamed on hormones or just moodiness(喜怒無常). This is quite a new discovery, according to Professo

39、r Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, who, speaking on the BBC radio program The Life Scientific, says, “when I was at university, the dogma(教條) in the text books was that the vast majority of brain development goes on in the first few years of life and nothing much changes after mid-childhood. That dogma is com

40、pletely false.” According to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, students’ not being able to get their homework done on time has something to do with our prefrontal cortex—that’s the part of our brain right at the front, just behind the forehead. She says, “it’s involved in a whole range of very high-

41、level cognitive(認(rèn)知的) tasks such as decision making and planning—we know that this region is undergoing very large amounts of development during the adolescent years.” This is the part of the brain, mainly involved in planning, and, for a teenager, this hasn’t developed yet. So getting organized to d

42、o their homework, for example, can come as a bit of a challenge. I wish I’d known about this because instead of telling my teacher I’d left my homework on the bus or that the dog had eaten it. Now I could say, “Sorry sir, my brain isn’t developed enough for the cognitive task of planning my homewor

43、k.” 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹關(guān)于青少年大腦的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。 12. What is the main idea of the text? A. The growing pains of teenagers. B. The dogma in the text hooks was false. C. A new discovery about the teenager’s brain. D. The students’ new challenge of doing their homework. 【答案】 C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中Experts have found t

44、hat it’s a teenager’s brain that is to blame. Between the ages of approximately 13 to 19—a period known as adolescence—the brain is still developing in areas that control behavior.可知，本文介紹關(guān)于青少年大腦的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。 13. According to the author, why is it a bit of challenge for students to do their homework? A

45、. The students are moody. B. Hormones are to blame. C. There is too much homework. D. The brains of the students haven’t been developed. 【答案】 D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中This is the part of the brain, mainly involved in planning, and, for a teenager, this hasn’t developed yet. So getting organized to do

46、their homework, for example, can come as a bit of a challenge.可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點，因為學(xué)生們的大腦還沒有發(fā)育好所以做作業(yè)對學(xué)生來說有點挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D。 14. What does the underlined word manifest mean? A. Develop. B. Show. C. Abandon. D. Experience. 【答案】B 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中For parents, these consequences often manifest themselves in a vari

47、ety of behaviors that they may have previously blamed on hormones or just moodiness(喜怒無常).“對于父母來說，這些后果常常表現(xiàn)在各種各樣的行為上，他們之前可能把這些行為歸咎于激素或情緒低落”。由此推知劃線詞的意思是“顯示”。故選B。 15. What can we know from the text? A. The vast majority of brain doesn’t develop after mid-childhood. B. All of the students are nightma

48、res for parents during adolescence. C. Prefrontal cortex is undergoing large amounts of development during childhood. D. The prefrontal cortex has something to do with many high-level cognitive tasks. 【答案】 D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中students’ not being able to get their homework done on time has somethin

49、g to do with our prefrontal cortex—that’s the part of our brain right at the front, just behind the forehead.可知，前額皮質(zhì)與許多高級認(rèn)知任務(wù)有關(guān)。故選D。 E At 88, my grandmother Vera has dementia and barely recognizes me. But I’m determined to help her age with dignity and grace in her home for as long as she can. Si

50、nce 2015, I’ve been a manager at Honor, a technology company that uses a website and an app to pair professional caregivers (we call them Care Pros) with loved ones who need a hand. I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客戶), including my grandmother, a service that is affordable, with

51、 people who are reliable, diverse and skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmother’s most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy. That’s the best gift I can give her and the best gift I can give myself. Care giving can exhaust

52、 a family emotionally and physically. At Honor, we’re trying to create something that makes it easier for women to be moms, daughters, and sisters all at once. That’s why this company was built. What sets Honor apart from other care giving services is that we’re equally focused on treating the Care

53、 Pros well. We pay higher-than-average rates and they can get health benefits and sick leave. Most of our Care Pros are women, and a lot of them arc single mothers. The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters (參數(shù)) based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can

54、control their schedules. The company also allows continuity of care. Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers’ app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the client’s family can stay up to date on their loved one’s health. When I was working with my team at H

55、onor, I wanted to create opportunities for people who looked like me. I’m proud to say that there are single moms and other women without traditional educational training who lead teams here. The makeup of this company proves that people with diverse backgrounds can be part of a successful tech comp

56、any. This has to be a model for the future. I’m confident it will happen. 本文是一篇說明文。文章講述老年照顧者的重要性以及Honor公司。Honor是一家科技公司，它通過一個網(wǎng)站和一個應(yīng)用程序，將專業(yè)護(hù)理人員(我們稱之為護(hù)理專業(yè)人員)與需要幫助的親人配對。Honor與其他護(hù)理服務(wù)的區(qū)別在于，我們同樣注重善待護(hù)理專業(yè)人士。我們支付高于平均水平的工資，他們可以享受健康福利和病假。 16. The author mentions Amy to _______. A. share a precious memory B

57、. advocate caring for the elderly C. show the importance of caregivers D. inform the readers of a touching story 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客戶), including my grandmother, a service that is affordable, with people who are reliable, diverse and ski

58、lled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmother’s most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy.“我想要確保我們?yōu)樗械目蛻?，包括我的祖母，提供一項?fù)擔(dān)得起的服務(wù)，而且要有可靠、多樣化和熟練的員工。在星期天。艾米，我祖母最喜歡的榮譽(yù)職業(yè)護(hù)理員，過來給她穿上去教堂的衣服。她喜歡和艾米在一起的時光?！笨芍?，作者提到Amy是為了說明老年照顧者的重要性。故選C。 17. Wh

59、ich of the following about Honor is true? A. It allows flexible working schedules. B. It gives higher salary and more paid leave. C. It mainly employs single mothers and males. D. It matches caregivers with clients at random. 【答案】 A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中The technology behind our app allows Care Pro

60、s to set parameters (參數(shù)) based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can control their schedules.“我們的應(yīng)用程序背后的技術(shù)允許醫(yī)護(hù)人員根據(jù)時間、地點和工作量來設(shè)置參數(shù)，這樣他們就可以控制自己的日程安排。”可知，它允許靈活的工作時間安排。故選A。 18. What does the underlined part “stay up to date” probably mean? A. Go to bed later than usual. B. Get the

61、 latest information. C. Attend to somebody at fixed time. D. Accompany somebody day and night. 【答案】B 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers’ app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the client’s family can stay up to date on their love

62、d one’s health.“每個護(hù)理專業(yè)人員都會在護(hù)理人員的應(yīng)用程序中記錄下客戶的感受，以及接下來輪班時應(yīng)該發(fā)生什么。這樣，客戶的家人就可以隨時了解他們所愛的人的健康狀況。”由此推知劃線詞的意思是“獲取最新信息”。故選B。 19. The last paragraph intends to tell us that _______. A. women are able to hold up half the sky B. success has nothing to do with education C. Honor will probably have a better fut

63、ure D. people with diverse backgrounds will be a model 【答案】 C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中The makeup of this company proves that people with diverse backgrounds can be part of a successful tech company. This has to be a model for the future.“這家公司的構(gòu)成證明，擁有不同背景的人可以成為一家成功科技公司的一部分。這必須成為未來的模式?！焙妥詈笠欢蜪’m confident

64、 it will happen.“我相信這將會發(fā)生?！笨芍?，最后一段意在告訴我們，Honor可能會有一個更好的未來。故選C。 F Many managers believe that overworking is an evidence of devotion from their employees' side. Still few others regard this custom as a threat to the workers' work－life balance, which may negatively influence the level of productivity

65、 and efficiency. Employees at Amsterdam design studio Heldergroen won't be putting in much overtime. Not in the office, at any rate. That's because every day at 6 pm, their desks, tables and other work surfaces, with their computers attached, are lifted to the ceiling by steel cables(鋼索) normally

66、used to move heavy props (道具) in theatrical productions. If you leave a half－eaten sandwich on your desk, you're out of luck. “Once the chairs and other workplace __paraphernalia__ are cleared away, the space is free for everything and weekend use as a dance floor, yoga studio... or anything else you can think of－ the floor is actually yours，” director Sander Veenendaal said. In a way, the office space itself is working overtime for Heldergroen, bringing about lots of publicity and carrying a