2013屆高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法歸納復(fù)習(xí)題7

2013高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法單選超級(jí)歸納七、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种髡Z(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)V-ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞來(lái)源:學(xué)|科Z|X|X|K動(dòng)名詞不定式（to do）過(guò)去分詞(done)注：現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過(guò)去分詞都可以作獨(dú)立成分generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)；frankly speaking坦白地說(shuō)；judging from/by.根據(jù)來(lái)判斷；considering./taking.into consideration考慮到；to tell you the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)；seeing.考慮到；supposing假設(shè)，如果；providing如果；given考慮到，鑒于；provided that如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化非謂語(yǔ)形式構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never進(jìn)行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主語(yǔ)要用sbs doing在前加not特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞變化形式相同在前加not在解非謂語(yǔ)習(xí)題時(shí)同學(xué)們遇到最大的困難有兩個(gè)：一是如何判別是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；二是如何選用哪一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其恰當(dāng)?shù)男问健Ｒ?、謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)的比較非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。漢語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用而動(dòng)詞不用作任何形式的變化。如：他明天來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)你。翻譯成英語(yǔ)不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.這里就用了不定式to visit。因此同學(xué)們要特別注意弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand分析：stood是與sat并列的謂語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法功能的比較做賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較情況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to兩者都可以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）need, want, require（主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）意義相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regret to do（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意思是，意味著）cant help （to） do（不能幫忙做）cant help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了considerto be認(rèn)為是consider doing考慮做某事非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別分 類(lèi)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例 句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成I asked to be sent to the countryside.I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別分 類(lèi)區(qū) 別例 句不定式與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般式表示將來(lái)，進(jìn)行式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.I havent decided which hotel to stay at.(介詞at不能丟)動(dòng)名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系Shall we go to the swimming pool?現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves/the fallen leaves過(guò)去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成或只表示狀態(tài)注意：the bridge to be built 將建造的橋, the bridge being built 正在建造的橋,the bridge built已經(jīng)建好的橋