2013屆高考英語 考點語法歸納復(fù)習(xí)題14

2013高考英語考點語法單選超級歸納十四、省略句類別具體內(nèi)容例句詞法上的省略名詞所有格后修飾的名詞在以下情況可以省略如果名詞所有格修飾的名詞在前文已出現(xiàn)，則可以省略。名詞所有格后修飾的名詞如果是指商店、住宅等地點時，這些名詞也常常省略。These are John's books and those are Mary's (books).這些是約翰的書，那些是瑪麗的書。 at the doctor's 在診所 at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家 to my uncle's 到我叔叔家 at the barber's 在理發(fā)店 冠詞的省略 為了避免重復(fù) 在副詞的最高級前面的定冠詞?？梢允÷?。在某些獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，當(dāng)作表語的單數(shù)名詞提前時，不定冠詞要省略。The lightning flashed and thunder crashed.電閃雷鳴。（thunder前省略了定冠詞the）She sings best in the class.她在班上唱歌唱得最好。 Our teacher came in, book in hand.(=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.) 我們的老師手里拿著一本書進來了。Child as he is, he knows a lot.雖然他還是一個孩子，卻懂得很多介詞的省略 both 后常跟of短語，其后可以接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以接代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)形式。接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，介詞of可以省略，但接代詞賓格時，of不能省略。在現(xiàn)在完成時表持續(xù)和重復(fù)的句型中，一段時間前的介詞for可以省略。 和一些動詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語中的介詞，consider. (as)., prevent / stop. (from)doing.,have trouble / difficulty. (in) doing.,spend. (in / on) doing. 等中的介詞可以省略。Both (of) the films were interesting. 這兩部電影都很有趣。 She invited both of us to her birthday party.她邀請我們倆去參加她的生日派對。 These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time. 這雙鞋穿破了，已經(jīng)穿了很長一段時間了。Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.樹能阻止泥土被沖走。Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river?你能阻止他下河洗澡嗎？ I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.回答這個問題我有點困難。有些動詞，believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作賓補的結(jié)構(gòu)。to be + n. / adj.中的to be可以省略。感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役動詞let, make, have后作賓補的動詞不定式，其中的不定式符號to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，to必須保留。在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的動詞不定式一般不帶to；but之前有實義動詞do的某個形式do, does, did, done 時，也不帶to, 否則要帶to。在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù)。在why, why not 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句中后跟省略to的動詞不定式。動詞不定式中動詞原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞，為了避免重復(fù)，句子后面的不定式常省略動詞原形，而保留不定式符號to。I consider him (to be) lazy.我認為他懶。His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.他母親發(fā)覺他是一個很聰明的孩子。They made the boy go to bed early.他們強迫這個男孩早睡。The boy was made to go to bed early. 這個男孩被迫早睡。注：help后作賓補的動詞不定式中的to可以省略也可保留。We have nothing to do now but wait.我們現(xiàn)在除了等沒有別的事可做。I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不欽佩他的勇敢。He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受這個事實他別無選擇。I'm really puzzled what to think or say.我真不知道該怎么想，怎么說才好。但兩個不定式有對照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時，則后一個to不能省。I came not to scold but to praise you.我來不是責(zé)備你，而是贊美你。Why talk so much about it?為什么大談這個事呢？Why not try it again? 為什么不再試一試呢？They may go if they wish to(go).如果他們想去，他們就可以去。Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告訴你去，你才可以去。在一些動詞afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟動詞不定式作賓語，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。Will you go to the cinema with me?你愿和我一起去看電影嗎？Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).我想為你做這事，但我又不知如何做。在某些形容詞，afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略動詞原形，只保留不定式符號to。Will you join us in the game?你愿和我們一起做這個游戲嗎？Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 當(dāng)然，我愿意。有些動詞，tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like,forbid等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語、主語補足語時，不定式承前省略動詞原形， 保留動詞不定式符號to。He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).盡管我們邀請他來，他卻沒來。注：承前省略的動詞不定式如果有助動詞have或be，則要保留be或have。Are you a teacher? 你是老師嗎？No, but I used to be (a teacher).不，我以前是。句法上的省略簡單句中的省略感嘆句中常省略主語和謂語。在一些口語中可以省略某些句子成分。What a hot day (it is)!多熱的天??！How wonderful!多妙?。。╓ill you）Have a smoke?你抽煙嗎？No.Thanks.不，謝謝了。（Is there）Anything else to say?還有別的要說嗎？并列句中的省略如果主語不同，而謂語動詞中的一部分相同，則省略謂語動詞中相同的那部分。主語相同，謂語動詞也相同，則二者都可以省略。主語相同，而謂語不同，則可以省略主語。在并列復(fù)合句中，如果that從句從屬于第二個并列句且它的謂語動詞和賓語等其它一些成分與第一個并列句相同時，這個that從句通?？梢允÷赃@些相同的部分。John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.約翰一定在踢球，而瑪麗一定在做作業(yè)。His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.他的建議使約翰高興，卻使瑪麗很生氣。Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.老麥克唐納戒了一陣子煙，可很快又抽上了。Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.杰克將在晚會上唱歌，但我知道約翰不會在晚會上唱歌。復(fù)合句中的省略名詞性從句中的省略 作賓語的what從句中的謂語動詞與主句的相同，則what從句可以省略謂語，甚至主語有時候也可以根據(jù)說話的情景來省略主句中的一些成分。在某些表虛擬語氣的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，從句謂語動詞中的助動詞should可以省略。定語從句中的省略 在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that, which, who (whom)?？梢允÷?。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week,month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，在非正式場合下，可以省略關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, that。狀語從句中的省略 當(dāng)狀語從句中的主語和主句的主語一致，或狀語從句中的主語是it，并且又含有be動詞時，?？梢允÷詮木渲械闹髡Z和be動詞。 在as, before, till, once, when, while等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。在though, although,等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。在if, unless(=if. not)等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中。在as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。在as(so). as., than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中。復(fù)合句中的省略名詞性從句中的省略Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).有人用了我的自行車，但我不知道是誰。He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).他走了，但沒人知道他去哪兒了。 （I'm）Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.對不起，讓你久等了。It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely.我們對老人說話要有禮貌，這很重要。定語從句中的省略The man(who/whom)I saw is called Smith.我見到的那個人名叫史密斯。Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?今天上午我買的那本書在哪兒？I shall never forget the day (when) we first met. 我永遠也不會忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。 The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair.他來這么早是他自己的事。 The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable.你回答這些問題的方式令人欽佩。狀語從句中的省略While（I was）waiting, I was reading some magazines.我一邊看雜志，一邊等。Though (they were) tired, they went on working.雖然他們累了，但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.除非你被邀請，否則你不應(yīng)該來參加他的宴會。 He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那樣去做了。 He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.他停下來，好像是在期待她說話。 He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那樣去做了。He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.他停下來，好像是在期待她說話。I know you can do better than he (can do).我知道你能比他做得更好。This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does).這輛小車不及那輛跑得快。