中考英語 第二輪 語法專題聚焦 專題十三 復合句課件.ppt

專題十三 復合句,山西專用,考點一 賓語從句 1連接詞 that在從句中作賓語時可以省略；作主語時不能省略； what，when，where，how，whatever，whenever，wherever，who，whom，whose等特殊疑問詞作連接詞； 當賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時，連接詞用whether或if，表示“是否”。如： Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia？你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？ Please tell me how you go to school.請告訴我你是怎么去學校的。,2語序 從句一律用陳述語序，即“主語謂語其他” 如： Do you know where Tom lives？你知道湯姆住哪兒嗎？,3時態(tài) 主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用相應時態(tài)； 主句是過去時，從句使用過去時的某種形式； 從句表示的是客觀事實，真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時，不管主句使用什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我聽說喬昨天去北京了。 I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week.我聽說喬下周要去北京。 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凱特說昨天這個時間她正在看電視。 Kate said she was going to school soon.凱特說她馬上要去學校。 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老師說地球繞著太陽轉。,4復合結構 在think，find，make等接有復合賓語的動詞之后，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正作賓語的賓語從句放在賓語補足語之后，即用“及物動詞it賓語補足語賓語從句”結構。如： I think it important that we should learn swimming well.我認為我們應該學好游泳，這是很重要的。 He finds it so easy to solve maths problems.他發(fā)現(xiàn)解答數(shù)學題很容易。,【注意】 否定前移。如果主句的謂語動詞是think，guess，believe等動詞且接有否定的that賓語從句時，常將否定詞提前到主句中。如： I don't think that Alice is an American.我認為愛麗絲不是美國人。 I don't believe that you can come on time.我認為你不會準時到達。 “疑問詞不定式”結構中的疑問詞，包括疑問代詞what，which和疑問副詞how，when，where等。這些疑問詞和不定式一起構成了不定式短語，這種結構可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等。如： I really don't know what to write about.我真的不知道寫什么。 I asked him how to learn English well.我問他怎樣學好英語。 在介詞之后，動詞不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether，不用if。如： I can't decide whether to buy this bike or not.我不能決定是否買這輛自行車。,1Could you tell me _？ This way，please. Awhere are the special shoes Bwhere the special shoes are Cwhere will be the special shoes 2The teacher asked the students _ AWhy the earth went around the sun BWhy does the earth go around the sun Cwhy the earth goes around the sun 3Do you know _？ For a month. AHow long will she be away BHow long she will be away CHow long would she be away,B,C,B,4Don't worry.We are thinking about _ Awhat should we do next Bif we should do that Cthat we should do 5Could you please tell me _？ They are over there. Awhat to do Bhow to do Cwhere to do,B,C,6I don't know _ next. You'd better finish your homework first. Awhat to do Bhow to do Cwhen to do 7Tom asked whether _ after he finished his project. Acan he go to the cinema Bhe can go to the cinema Che could go to the cinema 8Could yo tell me _？ I'm not sure.Maybe next week. Awhen he came here Bwhen he will come Chow long he will live here,A,C,B,考點二 定語從句 定語從句的關系詞,1下列情況先行詞指物時，只能用that，不能用which： 當先行詞是all，little，much，none，everything，anything，nothing等不定代詞時，如： Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。 當先行詞前面有the only，the very，the last等修飾時，如： This is the only book that I can find.這就是我能找到的唯一一本書。 當序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時，如： This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的一本書。,當先行詞前面有only，all，any，no等修飾時，如： I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把魯迅的著作全部讀完。 當先行詞前面既有人又有物時，如： I still remember the college and the teachers that I visited in London many years ago.我仍然記得許多前在倫敦參觀過的大學和拜訪過的老師。,2關系代詞的省略 一般情況下，關系代詞作賓語時可以省略，但關系代詞which，whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關系代詞前時，不能省略。如： I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠不會忘記加入俱樂部的那一天。 that，which，who在從句中作主語時，不能省略。如： Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher？正在和我們老師談話的那個男孩是誰？,3關系副詞的用法 when表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。如： I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。 why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞常是reason。如： We don't know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學遲到。 where表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。如： That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就讀的學校。,【方法突破】 初中階段對定語從句的考查主要是先行詞的運用。首先可以把先行詞還原到從句中。其次是在選擇關系詞時，先確定先行詞是指人還是指物，再看先行詞在從句中作何種成分，從而做出正確的判斷。如： I had an experience with a young man people were always making fun of. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】本句是定語從句，缺少引導詞，man是先行詞且在從句中作賓語，故用who或whom來引導，故填who/whom。,1I'll remember the old buildings _I visited in the village. Awhere Bwhich Cwho 2A friend is someone _says，“what! You too? I thought I was the only one！” Awho Bwhich Cwhat 3Ma Yun is now a boss of a famous company，for _life was once very hard. Awhose Bwhich Cwhom 4This is the book _ tells many English stories. Awhat Bwhich Cwho 5What are you looking for? I'm looking for the watch _ I bought yesterday. Awhich Bwho Cwhose,B,A,C,B,A,6Do you know the little boy _is helping the old man cross the road? No.But how nice he is! Awhich Bwho Cwhom 7Doraemon is a lovely robot cat _plays an important role in the 3­D film Stand By Me Doramon. Awho Bwhose Cwhom 8The Gay Genius is the book _I like to read every day. Athat Bwho Cwhat,B,A,A,考點三 狀語從句(其具體的用法詳見專題六連詞) 1引導詞,2.主句與從句的時態(tài)問題 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動詞時，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如： Be careful when you cross the road.當你過馬路時要小心。 “主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句用一般將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。常見的使用“主將從現(xiàn)”原則的連詞有：表示時間的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as，once等；表示條件的if，unless，so/as long as，in case等。如： He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.他一到美國就會給我寫信。,3賓語從句與狀語從句的易混點 if和when既能引導賓語從句，也能引導狀語從句。 if引導賓語從句時(意為“是否”)，其時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應；引導條件狀語從句時(意為“如果”)，若主句是將來時，則從句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(即“主將從現(xiàn)”)。 when引導賓語從句時(意為“何時”)，其時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應；引導時間狀語從句時(意為“當時候”)，若主句是將來時，則從句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(即“主將從現(xiàn)”)。,1She says that she'll have to close the shop _business improves. Aif Bor Cunless 2What are you doing this weekend? We are going hiking if it _ Awill rain Bdoesn't rain Crains 3The boy can speak both English and Japanese _he is only ten. Wow，what a clever boy! Aif Bbecause Calthough 4When you _at a restaurant，please order just enough food. Aate Bwill eat Ceat 5Li Na is _famous all the tennis fans in China know her. Atoo；to Benough；to Cso；that,C,B,C,C,C,