高考英語一輪總復習 第一部分 教材知識梳理 Unit 2 Cloning課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

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Unit 2 Cloning,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.differ vi.不同;相異 different adj.不同的;差異的 difference n.不同;差異 2.exact adj.精確的;準確的 exactly adv.精確地;準確地 mercial adj.商業(yè)的;貿易的 commerce n.商業(yè);貿易 4.straightforwardadj.簡單的;直接的;坦率的 5.undertake vt.著手;從事;承擔 undertook (過去式) undertaken (過去分詞) 6.cast vt.扔;投;擲 cast (過去式/過去分詞),,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,7. n.不贊成,反對;異議 objectvi.反對,不贊成 n.物體;目標 objective adj.客觀的;目標的;賓格的 n.目標,目的 8.medium n.媒介;手段;工具 media(pl.) 9.obtain vt.獲得;贏得 10.conservative adj.保守的,守舊的 11.forbid vt.禁止,不準 forbad(e) (過去式) forbidden (過去分詞) forbidden adj.被禁止的;禁用的 12.accumulate vt.聚集,objection,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,13.constitution n.憲法;章程 constitutional n.憲法的;符合憲法的 pulsory adj.必須做的,義務的;強迫的,強制的 15.owevt.欠 (賬、錢、人情等);歸功于…… 16.retire vi.退休;離開 retired adj.退休的 retirement n.退休 17.bother vt.打擾 vi.操心 n.煩擾 18.assumption n.假定;設想 assume vt.假定;設想 assuming conj.假定;假設 19.regulation n.規(guī)則;規(guī)章;法規(guī) regular adj.規(guī)則的;定期的,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,20.strike vt.公道的 reason n.原因,理由,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.pay off 得到好結果;取得成功;償清 2.cast down 使沮喪;使失望 3.object to 反對,不贊成 4.in favo(u)r of 贊成;支持 5.(be) bound to (do). 一定或注定(做)…… 6.strike.into one’s heart 使……刻骨銘心 7.from time to time 不時,偶爾 8.bring back to life 使復活,使復生;使活躍起來 9.in vain 白費力氣;枉費心機 10.in good/poor condition 狀況很好(壞),情況很好(壞),,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.她看起來是在正常成長,這一事實很令人鼓舞。 The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 2.接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。 Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 3.研究克隆的科學家沮喪地發(fā)現多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上。 Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. 4.多莉的死,正如她的出生一樣,注定讓人擔憂。 Dolly’s death,like her birth,was bound to raise worries. 5.其優(yōu)點是,如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病,這類動物中的一些可能會死掉,但是另外一些卻能存活下來,并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。 The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.,,,,,,Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It has two major uses.One is that gardeners use it 1.to produce(produce) commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 2.valuable(value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However,the process of cloning is difficult 3.to undertake(undertake). Many 4.attempts(attempt) to clone mammals failed.The first successful clone,Dolly the sheep,made the whole 5.scientific(science) world follow its progress,though it had more problems 6.than the normal sheep.On the other hand,Dolly’s appearance 7.raised(raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.on/upon the media and public imagination.Some countries accumulate abundant evidence that cloning could provide for medical aid.9.However,scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10.where it is leading us.,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?differ vi.不同;相異 Think about how they differ.考慮一下他們有什么不同。(教材原句P10) ◆常見用法 differ in在……方面不同 differ from與……不同,不同于;與……意見不一致 differ on/about/over sth.在……上持不同意見 They differ in size but not in kind.它們只是大小不同,而實質是一樣的。 We differ about moral standards.我們對道德標準的看法不一致。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.different adj.不同的;差異的 be different from與……不同 2.difference n.不同,差異 make a difference起作用;產生影響 tell the difference 分辨差異 ◆現學活用 用適當的介詞填空 1.The two systems differ in many respects. 2.People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress. 3.The two lawyers differed about/on/over how to present the case. 4.The publishing business is no different from any other business in this respect.,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?undertake vt.著手;從事;承擔;答應(做某事) It is a difficult task to undertake.這是一項很難完成的任務。(教材原句P11) ◆常見用法 undertake sth.著手/承擔/從事某事 undertake to do sth.答應/著手做某事 undertake that.保證…… The lawyer undertook the case without a fee.這位律師免費承辦那個案子。 Will you undertake to let him know what has happened?你能答應會把發(fā)生的事情告訴他嗎?,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 完成句子 1.他答應在星期五以前完成那項工作。 He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 2.我保證你會喜歡這次旅行。 I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?cast vt.扔;擲;向……投以(視線、笑容等) Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.研究克隆的科學家沮喪地發(fā)現多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上。(教材原句P12),重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆常見用法 cast down丟下,扔下;使向下;使沮喪(常用被動語態(tài)) cast off 拋棄,丟棄;與……斷絕關系 cast out 扔出;驅逐 cast a look/glance at向……瞥一眼 cast sb.into prison 把某人送進監(jiān)獄 cast light on/upon弄清楚 The enemy cast down their weapons and surrendered.敵人丟掉武器投降了。 Can anybody cast light on how this chair got broken?誰能幫忙查清這把椅子壞掉的原因?,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 完成句子 1.那個小女孩拘謹地站在老師面前,垂下了目光。 Standing timidly before the teacher,the girl cast down her eyes. 2.他沒找到工作,十分泄氣。 He was much cast down by his failure to find work.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?objection n.不贊成;反對,異議 On the other hand,Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面,多莉羊的出現引起了一陣強烈的反對,對媒體和公眾的想象力也產生了極大的影響。(教材原句P12) ◆常見用法 raise an objection to sth.對某事提出異議 have/make an objection to (doing) sth.對(做)某事表示反對 None of them raised any objection. 他們誰也沒提出反對意見。 The little boy has a strong objection to getting up so early. 這個小男孩極不愿意這么早起床。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.object vi.反對,不贊成 n.物體;目標 object to sb./sth.反對或不贊成某人/某事 object to doing sth.反對做某事 object that.反對…… 2.objective adj.客觀的;目標的;賓格的 n.目標;目的 I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反對收停車費。 I objected that he was too young for the position.我反對的理由是他太年輕不適合這個職位。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 單句填空 1.The match was cancelled because most of the members objected to having(have) a match without a standard court. 2.My main objection(object) to the plan is that it costs too much.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?forbid vt.禁止;不準 Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.有些政府開始改革法律制度,明令禁止進行克隆人類的研究……(教材原句P12) ◆常見用法 forbid (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事 forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事 I forbid you to tell anyone.我不許你告訴任何人。 My doctor has forbidden me sugar.醫(yī)生不許我吃糖。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 forbidden adj.不允許的;禁用的 It is forbidden to do sth.禁止做某事 ◆現學活用 完成句子 1.在某些阿拉伯國家,婦女不戴面紗禁止外出。 In some Arab countries,women are forbidden from going out without a veil. 2.該國禁止宗教信仰不同的人結婚。 It is forbidden in the country to marry someone who is not a member of the same faith. 3.校長禁止在辦公時間抽煙。也就是說,所有的老師都禁止在學校抽煙。 The school headmaster forbids smoking during office hours.That’s to say,all of the teachers are forbidden to smoke at school.,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等);歸功于…… You owe the lady an apology.你必須向這位女士道歉。(教材原句P13) ◆常見用法 owe sb.sth./owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物 owe.to.把……歸功于…… owe it to sb.that.多虧某人…… I owe him ten dollars=I owe ten dollars to him.我欠他10 美元。 The young writer owed his success to his teacher’s encouragement.這位年輕作家把自己的成功歸功于老師的鼓勵。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 表示“由于”的短語: owing to由于(作表語或狀語) as a result of因為,由于(作狀語) thanks to多虧;由于(作表語或狀語) on account of因為(作狀語) Owing to our joint efforts the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.由于我們的共同努力,任務提前完成了。 ◆現學活用 單句填空 1.She owes her success to good luck more than to ability. 2.Owing(owe) to my lack of experience,I didn’t do the work well. 3.I owe it to you that I passed the examinations.,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?bother vt.打擾 vi.操心 n.煩擾;令人煩惱的事或人 However,the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.然而,之后她患上了嚴重的肺病,這一問題使科學家們很困擾。(教材原句P14) ◆常見用法 bother sb.with/about sth.為某事打擾或麻煩某人 bother about/with sth.為某事煩惱 bother to do/doing sth.操心做某事 It bothers sb.that.使某人苦惱的是…… It bothers sb.to do sth.做某事使某人苦惱 The problem has been bothering me for weeks.那個問題已經困擾我?guī)讉€星期了。 It bothers me that he can be so insensitive.他這樣麻木不仁,我心里很不痛快。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 單句填空 1.—Hey,if you can’t enjoy that at a sensible volume,please use the earphone.I’m studying. —Oh,I’m sorry.I didn’t realize it was bothering(bother) you. 2.I’m very sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion. 3.Around two o’clock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers(bother) us.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?strike vt.罷工 n.罷(工、課等) .proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.……證明了這一想法使人們感到既興奮又恐懼。(教材原句P15) ◆常見用法 1.strike.into one’s heart使……刻骨銘心 strike sb.in/on the.打某人的(身體的某個部位) be struck by/with sb./sth.被某人/某物打動 It strikes/struck sb.that.某人突然想到…… 2.go on strike舉行罷工 be on strike在罷工 She struck him on the nose.她打中了他的鼻子。 It struck me that there was no one at home.我突然想起家中沒有人。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 單句填空 1.What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 2.It struck me that she had come to return books. 3.He felt that he was struck on the head.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?pay off得到好結果;取得成功;償清 But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是科學家們的決心和耐心最終獲得了回報,這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的誕生。(教材原句P11) It’s a good feeling to pay off the house after all these years.經過這么多年,終于付清了購買房屋的貸款,這感覺真好。 ◆拓展延伸 pay back償還 pay for.支付……的費用;付出代價;遭受懲罰 I must remember to pay you back for the concert tickets.我得記著要把買音樂會的票錢還給你。 I’ll pay for her,and you’ll pay yourself.我替她付賬,你自己付款。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 用pay的相關短語的適當形式填空 1.The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. 2.He had to work part-time so as to pay for his education. 3.That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?in favor of 贊成;支持 Is it in favor of cloning or against it?它是贊成還是反對克隆行為?(教材原句P12) ◆拓展延伸 be in favor with sb.得到某人的尊重、贊同等 lose favor with sb.失去某人的支持 in favor 受喜愛,受寵愛 in sb’s favor 對某人有利 do sb.a favor=do a favor for sb.幫某人忙 owe sb.a favor 欠某人人情 If you go overboard,the probabilities are not in your favor.如果你魯莽行事,那么形勢將對你不利。 Could you do me a favor?能否請你幫我個忙?,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 用favor的相關短語完成句子 1.你會贊成他的意見嗎? Are you in favor of his opinion? 2.請幫忙把燈關掉好嗎? Could you do me a favor and turn off the light? 3.我要請史蒂夫接受它。他欠我一個人情。 I’ll ask Steve to take it.He owes me a favor.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?(be) bound to (do).一定或注定(做)……;有責任或義務(做)…… Dolly’s death,like her birth,was bound to raise worries.多莉的死,正如她的出生一樣,注定讓人擔憂。(教材原句P14) ◆拓展延伸 be bound for.準備去…… be bound up in sth.忙于某事;熱衷于某事物 be bound up with sth.與某事物關系密切 He is bound up in his work with old people.他專心致志于與老年人相關的工作。 The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community.個人福利與社會福利有著密切的關系。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 完成句子 1.她一生致力于核物理學的研究工作。 Her life was bound up in the study of nuclear physics. 2.他知道自己的前途與公司的前途緊緊地聯系在一起。 He knows his future is closely bound up with that of the company. 3.這艘船駛向意大利。 The ship was bound for Italy. 4.在進行這項研究的過程中,我們必將遇到各種困難。 We are bound to meet with difficulties in carrying out this research.,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?in vain白費力氣;枉費心機;無效的,無用的 All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.如果某個動物群體沒有足夠的多樣性以戰(zhàn)勝疾病,那么克隆這種動物的所有努力都將自費。(教材原句P15) ◆拓展延伸 in advance提前 in debt負債 in despair失望地 in surprise 吃驚地 in amazement 吃驚地 in reality 事實上 in return 作為回報,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,The child’s mouth formed a big O in surprise.那個孩子的嘴巴驚訝地張成了O型。 In reality,things always happen out of expectation.現實中,事情總是出乎意料。 ◆現學活用 用in構成的短語填空 1.His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed any attention. 2.Before visiting him,I called him up in advance. 3.He was always ready to help others,in return,he was liked by everyone.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?in good/poor condition狀況很好(壞);情況很好(壞) The dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition.渡渡鳥的滅絕時間相對較近,所以它的DNA仍然保存良好。(教材原句P17) ◆拓展延伸 be in condition 健康,情形/狀況良好 be out of condition 不健康,狀況不佳 under favorable/difficult conditions 在順/逆境中 on condition that如果,條件是…… on no condition 絕對不可(用于句首時部分倒裝),重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,Athletes must train to be in condition.運動員必須鍛煉以保持良好的競技狀態(tài)。 You may stay on condition that you finish your homework before supper.如果晚飯前你能做完作業(yè),那你就可以留下。 On no condition should you mention it before her.你千萬不要在她面前提起這件事。 ◆現學活用 用condition的相關短語填空 1.He’ll come on condition that I promise to buy him that new dictionary. 2.On no condition can you travel alone. 3.She arrived late because her bicycle was out of condition.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?同位語從句 The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.她看起來是在正常成長,這一事實很令人鼓舞。(教材原句P11) 本句是由that引導的同位語從句,解釋說明fact的內容。 同位語從句一般由that引導,個別情況下也可由when,where,how,why,whether等引導。同位語從句常放在fact,truth,news,information,idea,thought,hope,suggestion,advice,reply,remark,report等抽象名詞后面,說明該名詞的具體內容。 The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.他當選美國總統的消息是真的。 I have no idea where the new library will be built.我不知道新圖書館將要建在哪里。 We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money.我們已花光了所有的錢,我們必須面對這一事實。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆特別提醒 suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議,要求,命令”的名詞時,后接同位語從句通常用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞為“should+動詞原形”結構,should可以省略。 They also reject any suggestion that they should move out of the district.他們也拒絕接受任何讓他們搬出這個地區(qū)的建議。 ◆現學活用 單句改錯 1.The question that we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. (that改為whether) 2.The order which we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. (which改為that),重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?完全倒裝 Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。(教材原句P11) 本句為倒裝句。表示方位、時間或方向的副詞,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等置于句首,且主語是名詞時,句子用完全倒裝。 Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away fled the thief.聽到狗叫得厲害,小偷嚇跑了。 There goes the bell.鈴響了。 ◆特別提醒 如果主語是人稱代詞,則不能用倒裝結構。 Here we go.我們開始吧!,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現學活用 完成句子 1.他打開門,一位他從來沒見過的女孩站在那兒。 He opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before. 2.現在輪到你了。 Now comes your turn.,,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·新課標全國卷Ⅰ改編)“You (forbid) to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. 1.are forbidden。句意:“在這里不允許說‘有人覺得’或者‘人們認為’”,Lehane告訴他們。you與forbid為被動關系,故用被動語態(tài)。 2.(2015·上海高考改編)As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one,office designers come up with alternatives the traditional work environments of the past. 2.to。句意:隨著我們由產業(yè)經濟時代進入到知識經濟時代,辦公室設計者已經想出了一些替代傳統工作環(huán)境的事物。an alternative to.“……的替代品”。 3.(2015·湖南高考改編)As an inexperienced teacher,I tried every means to get them to be quiet,but vain. 3.in。句意:作為一個沒有經驗的老師,我想盡辦法讓他們安靜,但是徒勞無果。in vain “白費力氣”。,4.(2015·天津高考改編) struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. 4.It。句意:我突然想到,和另一個隊比賽對隊里的姑娘們來說也是一個很好的學習機會。It strikes sb.that.為固定句型,意為“某人突然想到……”,此處It為形式主語,真正的主語為后面的that從句。 5.(2015·廣東高考改編)While watching TV,children do not (mere) absorb words and images. 5.merely。句意:在看電視的時候,孩子們不僅僅被文字和影像所吸引。句中應用副詞merely來修飾動詞absorb,意為“僅僅”。 6.(2015·福建高考改編)Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry,who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,almost always (bother) by things. 6.bothered。根據語境可知,bother與其邏輯主語Kerry之間為被動關系,故此處用過去分詞短語作定語修飾a world-class fault-finder。,7.(2015·北京高考改編)Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs Gilbert.“I think maybe we owe you apology.” 7.an。句意:Dario的媽媽笑著對Gilbert夫人說:“我想也許我們應該向你道歉”。owe sb.an apology意為“應該向某人道歉”。 8.(2015·湖北高考改編)David Brooks,author of The Social Animal:The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,and Achievement,appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed (resist) the temptation. 8.to resist。fail to do sth.表示“未能成功做某事”。 9.(2013·湖南高考改編)From the moment of my (arrive) at the little school,all gloom(憂郁) disappeared. 9.arrival。所填詞前有my修飾,應用名詞arrival,指“我的到來”。,10.Our government is making efforts to perfect a market system prices are totally determined by the market. 10.where/in which。定語從句的先行詞為a market system,定語從句中缺少地點狀語,因此引導詞用where或in which。,二、單元話題微寫作 克隆 根據提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.盡管科學家有關克隆的研究取得了成功,人們仍對克隆有不同的看法。(pay off;differ) 2.有人贊同克隆,他們認為他們的寵物一旦死去,自己會非常沮喪,而通過克隆則有可能使它們復活。(in favor of;cast down;be brought back to life) 3.有人反對克隆,他們說多莉羊的離世仍使他們感到恐懼。(object to;strike.into one’s heart) 4.克隆動物太復雜,是一項很難完成的任務。(complicated;undertake) 5.在我們積累了足夠的準確知識前,任何實際操作都是徒勞無功的,注定會失敗。(accumulate;exact;in vain;be bound to),Though scientists’ hard work on cloning research paid off,people’s opinions of cloning differ.Some are in favor of cloning.They think they’ll be cast down once their beloved pets die but they can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.Others,however,object to it.They say the death of cloned Dolly is still striking fear into their hearts.Cloning animals is too complicated and is a difficult task to undertake.Until we accumulate enough exact knowledge,any practice is in vain and is bound to fail.,