2019-2020年高中英語 Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists練習(xí) 新人教版必修5.doc

2019-2020年高中英語 Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists練習(xí) 新人教版必修5Language Points of Warming and Readingcharacteristic 【課文原句】 characteristic 1)n.特征；特性和藹是他的特性之一。Kindness is one of his characteristics.2) adj.典型的，作為能突出人或者東西的特征的；獨特的我聽到我朋友那有特色的笑聲。I heard my friends characteristic laugh.常見搭配：be characteristic of 是的特性他就是這么遲鈍。Such bluntness is characteristic of him.2put forward 【課文原句】 put forward 1)提出（計劃，主意等）2）推薦，提名 3）（把時鐘指針）往前撥；將提前他提出一項計劃讓全體委員審議。He put forward a plan for the mittee to consider.as the candidate for the chairman of the mittee?記住今晚把時鐘指針往前撥。Remember to put your clock forward tonight.我們已把婚禮提前了一周。Weve put the wedding forward by one week.知識鏈接：put aside 把放在一邊，把擱置起來 put away把 收起來，儲蓄put through 接通電話，完成put back 把放回原處put down 放下，記下鎮(zhèn)壓 put up 舉起，建造，張貼 put off 推遲 put out熄滅活學(xué)活用：The workers will go on strike if the demands they are turned down.A. put aside B. put through C. put forward D. put away3conclude vt.&vi.結(jié)束；得出結(jié)論；推斷出；斷定。1）我們將以國歌結(jié)束我們的音樂會。We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.2）從證據(jù)來看我敢斷定你錯了。From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.conclusion n.結(jié)論e to /reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論4.expert 【課文原句】 expert 1) adj 內(nèi)行的；老練的；熟練的 常與at或 in連用根據(jù)專家的建議 according to expert advice 熟練的騎手an expert driver 他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的飯菜。He is expert at/in cooking good cheap meals.expert 2)n. 專家，能手 常與at或 in/on連用農(nóng)業(yè)/數(shù)學(xué)/心理學(xué)專家 an expert in agriculture/mathematics/psychology凱特是個幼兒教育專家。Kate is an expert in /at/ on teaching small children.5.attend vt.&vi. 1)照顧，照料，護(hù)理除了Tina.，再無人照顧他了。There was no one to attend him but Tina.哪位護(hù)士在照顧你？Which nurse is attending to you?2）參加，出席昨天他沒有參加會議。He didnt attend the meeting yesterday.知識鏈接：attendance n.出席，參加 attendant n.侍者，服務(wù)員 attend to 處理，對付；照料attend school/church 去上學(xué)/ 做禮拜attend a meeting/ a lecture參加會議/聽演講辨析：attend, join , join in與 take part inattend 出席，參加（會議、儀式、婚禮等），不強(qiáng)調(diào)參加者在活動中所起的作用。join參加組織、團(tuán)體，并成為其中一員；加入一群人，并和他們一起活動join in參加（某活動），也可用在 join sb. in sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示加入某人一起做某事take part in參加（某活動），并在其中起作用活學(xué)活用：He told me that he had an important party to that night.A. attend B. join C. join in D .take part in 6expose 【課文原句】 expose vt.1）使暴露；使面臨；使處于無遮蔽或不受保護(hù)的狀態(tài)；使受影響；常見句型：expose sth./sb./oneself to sth留在屋里，不要讓皮膚在太陽下暴曬。Keep indoors and dont expose your skin to the sun.使士兵冒不必要的危險expose soldiers to unnecessary risks遭受批評/嘲笑 expose oneself to criticism/ ridicule嬰兒被離棄在風(fēng)雨之中。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.接觸英語達(dá)六年左右的學(xué)生a student who has been exposed to English for some six years2）揭露，揭發(fā)；暴露；使曝光 揭發(fā)陰謀/犯罪行為expose a plot/ crime 他說了那句不妥的話，暴露了他對此事的無知。That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject.使一卷底片曝光expose a reel of film7.challenge【課文原句】 Challenge 1)n. 挑戰(zhàn)，具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事物。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：face the challenge 遇到問題，面對挑戰(zhàn)accept a challenge接受挑戰(zhàn)issue/offer a challenge提出挑戰(zhàn)他接到電視辯論的挑戰(zhàn)。He received a challenge to a TV debate.(常與to連用)2）v.向挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)challenge sb.to sth.就某事向某人挑戰(zhàn)他們向我們提出開展友誼競賽。They challenge us to a friendly petition.他們的學(xué)校向我們學(xué)校挑戰(zhàn)，要進(jìn)行足球比賽。Their school challenged ours to a football match.8.control 【課文原句】 1) v.控制政府試圖極力控制物價。The government tries its best to control prices.他無法控制自己的憤怒情緒。He cannot control his anger.2) n.控制；統(tǒng)治；掌握常用語下列短語：lose control of /be out of control of /go out of control of 對某事失去控制；in control of控制； under the control of 被控制著司機(jī)未能控制好車，撞到樹上了。The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.布朗先生管理錢財。Mr. Brown is in control of the money.這筆錢在布朗先生的掌控之下。This money is under the control of Mr. Brown.9.suggest 【課文原句】 1) .suggest作“暗示，表明，意味著”講時接的賓語從句用陳述語序。她的口音表明她來自南方。Her accent suggested that she was from the South.2）suggest作“建議”講時要接的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用(should)+動詞原形, should可以省略。我建議我們?nèi)ド虾！ suggested that we( should )go to Shanghai.活學(xué)活用：What all the doctors in the hospital said suggested that he badly wounded and they suggested that he at once. A.should be; be operated on B.were; must be operated on C.were; should be operated on D.was ;be operated on10.absorb 【課文原句】 absorb vt. 1)吸收干土吸水快。Dry earth absorbs water quickly.他們吸收了大量的羅馬文化。They absorbed a great deal of Roman culture.2)吸引；使專心；使全神貫注小姑娘正在全神貫注地閱讀一篇故事。The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.常見結(jié)構(gòu)： be absorbed in全神貫注于 absorb from 從中吸收be absorbed by 被吞并；為所吸收 absorb sb.s attention引起某人的注意For the next two hours she was the film, so she didnt notice what happened around her.A. engaged in B.busy in C.absorbed in D. occupied with11.severe 【課文原句】 Severe adj. 1)嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的；強(qiáng)烈的激烈的競爭severe petition嚴(yán)寒的天氣sever cold 劇痛severe pain 強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴a severe storm 牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作a severe attack of toothache2）嚴(yán)厲的；苛刻的；嚴(yán)格的苛刻的主人a severe master嚴(yán)父a severe father嚴(yán)肅的神色severe look 嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律a severe discipline對孩子嚴(yán)厲be severe with ones children12. be to blame【課文原句】 be to blame“該受責(zé)備的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任 ”通常用主動形式表被動意義。我們認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。We consider that you are not to blame.拓展：blame 1）vt. 指責(zé)；歸咎于；歸因于。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：blame sb. for sth./doing sth責(zé)備某人（做了）某事blame sth. on sb.把歸咎于某人他們把此次錯誤歸咎于喬治(George ).They blame George for the failure of the action./They blame the failure of the action on George.2)vi. 常見結(jié)構(gòu)sb/sth is to blame for sth.某人（某事）應(yīng)負(fù)的責(zé)任；是的起因?qū)υ斐纱舜螝W洲最嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)，該政策應(yīng)負(fù)部分責(zé)任。The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment.3)n. 責(zé)任；過失；責(zé)備。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：take the blame for 承擔(dān)的責(zé)任lay/put the blame for sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人13.handle 【課文原句】 handle 1) n.柄，把手門，杯子，抽屜的把手 a door/cup/drawer handle2)v.處理，應(yīng)付，控制我管不住孩子們。I cant handle children.她巧妙地應(yīng)付了一場艱難的辯論。She handled a difficult argument skilfully.14.link 【課文原句】 .link 1) v. 連接 常與介詞to,together,with等連用，意為“把連接以來”這兩個城鎮(zhèn)有一條鐵路連接起來。A railway links the two towns together.=The two towns are linked by a railway.=This town is linked to/with that one by a railway.2) n.連接，聯(lián)系，關(guān)系，環(huán)吸煙和癌癥密切有關(guān)。There is a close link between smoking and lung cancer.15.have sth. done【課文原句】 have sth. done常用于1）請/讓別人做某事 2）經(jīng)歷/遭遇（一些不好的事）我們請了一位過路人給我們拍照。We had our photo taken by a passer-by.(=We had a passer-by take our photo.)她在回家的路上錢包被偷了。She had her purse stolen on her way home.區(qū)別：have sb. do.使某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing使某人或者某物一直處于某種狀態(tài)。The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked up B. picks up C .pick up D. picking up 16.announce 【課文原句】 Announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通報；預(yù)告鮮艷的花朵和翠綠的樹木表明春天到了。The bright flowers and green trees announced that spring was here.他們預(yù)告說不久寒流就要到來。They announced that a cold wave would e soon.知識鏈接：announcement n.宣告；宣布 announcer宣布者，廣播員 It has been announced that已宣布17.defeat 【課文原句】 vt. 擊??；戰(zhàn)勝；挫敗 他三盤擊敗了冠軍。He defeated the champion in three sets.n.擊敗；失敗 今年我們失敗過兩次。We had two defeats this year.辨析：defeat/ beat/windefeat 和beat意義與用法相似，一般可以互換，兩者通常接表示人或團(tuán)體的名詞或代詞作賓語。但beat側(cè)重于在比賽中擊敗對手，defeat既可在比賽中也可在戰(zhàn)場上擊敗對手。我們終于戰(zhàn)勝了敵人。We defeated the enemy at last.昨天下棋我贏了約翰。I beat/defeated John at chess yesterday.Win作及物動詞時，其后一般接game, war ,battle, prize等表示比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品等的名詞。瑪麗在競賽中獲得一等獎。Mary won the first prize in the petition.