2019-2020年高三英語一輪復習 Unit18 New Zealand教案 人教大綱版.doc

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2019-2020年高三英語一輪復習 Unit18 New Zealand教案 人教大綱版 ⊕考綱要求： ◆ 考綱規(guī)定的考試范圍: 重點單詞與短語fisherman; great-grandfather; northeastern; central; coast; surround; mild; bay; harbor; volcano; spring; heat; surface; rat; settle; settler; mainly; voyage; possession; bold; paragraph; grassland; mountainous; surprising; secretary; percent; wedding; conference; relation; agricultural; cattle; export; lamb; ship; sail; cottage; seaside; camp；be made up of; lead to; so far; in relation to; sign an agreement with; refer to; be on the rise; apply for; e true; hand over; deal with; burst out; e up; get tired of; fall asleep; wake up; try one’s luck 句型 Weihai lies about 90 kilometers east of Yantai. 英語中描述方位和方向的表達方式 The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air. 部分與整體型的定語從句，即：部分+ of +which/who New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Isled, while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms. with + 名詞 +賓補 語法：it 的用法 ◆ 復習本章要達到的目標 1. 掌握central; surround; mild; harbor; spring; surface; settle; mainly; voyage; possession; surprising; secretary; percent; relation; cattle; export; cottage; camp; be made up of; lead to; so far; in relation to; sign an agreement with; refer to; be on the rise; apply for; e true; hand over; deal with; burst out; e up; get tired of; fall asleep; wake up; try one’s luck 等重點單詞及短語的用法。 2. 掌握英語中描述方位和方向的表達方式；部分與整體型的定語從句的用法；it 的用法。 ⊕教材知識歸納 ◆知識歸納 1. Weihai lies about 90 kilometers east of Yantai. 英語中描述方位和方向的表達方式有： (1 ) It is / lies in the方位詞of...位于……的北部／南部／東部／西部(表在某范圍內(nèi)) Zhejiang Province is in the east of China. 浙江省在中國的東部（浙江在中國范圍之內(nèi)） (2) It is / lies to the方位詞of...位于……的北面／南面／東面／西面／(表在某范圍之外) The city lies about 66 kilometres to the east of Yantai. 　　這座城市位于煙臺以東66公里。 (3) It is / lies on the方位詞of... 位于……的北面／南面／東面／西面／(表接壤) China is on the north of India. 　　中國在印度的北部（中國與印度接壤）。 (4) It is / lies+具體距離+to the+方位詞+of... The mountain lies 10 kilometers to the south of the city of Chengdu. 這座山位于成都南部10公里處。 注意：表示方位的介詞短語位于句首時要采用完全倒裝結構。 10 kilometers to the south of the city of Chengdu lies the mountain. 這座山位于成都南部10公里處。 2. New Zealand is an island that lies off the eastern coast if Australia. off 的用法： 離……附近不遠處　 They live on the island off the coast of Fujian. 他們住福建沿海的一個島嶼上?！　? They were sailing two miles off shore. 他們在離岸兩英里的海上航行。 The restaurant is just off the main road. 這家飯店就在主干道旁邊。 The ship sank off Cape Horn.　　 輪船在合恩角外沉了。 3. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. surround 的用法; 派生詞: (1)surrounding adj. 周圍的 The dance excited the surrounding bees. 這種舞蹈激起了周圍的蜜蜂， (2) surroundings n 環(huán)境 The factories affected the surroundings. 工廠影響了周圍的環(huán)境。 The surroundings a child grows up in may have an effect on his development. 小孩生長的環(huán)境會影響他的發(fā)展。 相關歸納: be surrounded by / with 被……圍住 The village is surrounded on all sides by hill. 這個村子四面環(huán)山。 She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends. 她周圍總有許多愛趕時髦的朋友。 4. The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air. some of which throw hot water high into the air.是定語從句。some為部分of 后的which是整體，some 與of which可以交換位置。我們可以把這類定語從句歸納為部分與整體型的定語從句，即：部分+ of +which/who(先行詞為人時關系代詞用whom; 先行詞為物時關系代詞用which;) There are 50 numbers in the club, most of whom are from the city. =There are 50 numbers in the club, of whom most are from the city. 這個俱樂部里有50個成員，其中大多數(shù)來自城市。 I have 100 books, 30﹪ of which are on English. = I have 100 books, of which 30﹪ are on English. 我有100本書，百分之30 是關于英語方面的書。 5. They settled mainly on the North Island where the weather was warmer. settle 的用法: 派生詞: (1) settled adj. 固定的，不變的，永久的 (2) settlement n. 殖民，移民；定居點；和解，解決，決定 (3) settler n. 定居者 知識梳理: (1)解決 Let’s get down to settling the problem. 讓我們開始認真處理問題吧 (2)決定 He settled to sell his car. 他決定賣掉他的汽車。 (3)落下來；沉下來；停下來 A bird settled on the branch. 一只小鳥停留在樹枝上。 Dust has settled on the furniture. 灰塵布滿了家具。 (4)使定居；使居住 He settled his family in the country. 他在鄉(xiāng)下安了家。 相關歸納: settle down (使)安定下來；定居；安下心來 The teacher tried to settle down the students. 老師試圖讓學生安靜下來。 He want to get married and settle down 他想結婚并且定居下來。 With the noise outside so aloud , I can’t settle down to my work. 由于外面噪音極其大，我不能靜下心來去做作業(yè)。 almost, nearly, mainly=mostly (1) almost的語氣更強almost=very nearly I almost envy the little boy who got the geography book after five failures. 在失敗了五次之后那個小男孩得到了那本地理書，我?guī)缀跤悬c嫉妒他了。 (2) almost 后可跟代詞尤其是具有否定意義的代詞，而nearly不能。 Almost none got to school on time yesterday. 昨天由于大霧幾乎沒有人準時到校。 (3) 在more than, any, too之前通常用almost，而不用nearly。 Almost more than ten students failed in the exam. 不及格的學生幾乎不止十個。 (4)nearly 可以和數(shù)詞連用而almost不可以 12 ten students failed in the exam 幾乎12個學生不及格。 (5) nearly之前可用very, not修飾，而almost則不能。not nearly 遠非，遠遠不 100 dollars is not nearly enough for the trip to Beijing. 100美元對我們這次去北京的旅游遠遠不夠。 (6)mostly=mainly強調(diào)整體中的組成部分 He looked around but mostly looked forward. 他向周圍看了看，但主要是向前看。 6. More than 130 years later, Captain James Cook took possession of the islands possess的用法： (1)擁有,持有;具有;占有 The country possesses rich mineral deposits. 這個國家擁有豐富礦藏。 (2)使擁有,使掌握 Though plain-looking, Mary is possessed of great intelligence. 雖然相貌平平,瑪麗卻擁有智慧。 (3)支配,控制 One main idea possessed her; she must get away from home. 她只有一個想法;她一定要離家出走。 相關歸納： (1)take possession of 占有； 占領 French took possession of the island in 1800. 法國于1800 年占領了這個小島。 (2)sth. be in one’s possession= sth. be in the possession of sb. 某物有某人所有或控制 The land is in his possession. 這塊地由他占有。 (3)sb. Be in the possession of sth. He is on the possession of the dictionzry. 這本字典是他的。 7. They make up about six percent of the total population. make up (1)組成，構成 The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 醫(yī)療隊由十二名醫(yī)生組成。 (2)編造 The whole story is made up. 整個故事完全是虛構出來的。 (3) 補足,補充 We need $50 to make up the sum required. 我們需要五十元以補足所需要的數(shù)目。 (4)化妝 She always makes herself up before going out. 她總是出去之前化妝。 She is always heavily made up. 她總是化濃妝。 (5)配制 The doctor made up a bottle of medicine for his cold. 醫(yī)生給他配制了一瓶治感冒的藥。 (6) 占（多少百分比） The boy students in our class make up two fifths of the whole students. 我們班男生占總人數(shù)的三分之二。 take up (1) 開始從事 When did he take up football? 他是什么時候開始踢足球的? (2) 占去(時間或空間) The work took up all his time. 那工作花費了他所有的時間。 The piano takes up too much space. 那架鋼琴占去了太大的空間。 (3)拿起 He took up arms and rushed out. 他拿起了武器然后跑了出去。 8. New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Isled, while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms. (2)with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞／過去分詞／介詞短語 /副詞／動詞不定式／形容測構成 with 的復合結構，這種結構通常在句子中作定語或狀語，作狀語時，表伴隨狀況或原因。 He likes sleeping with the windows closed. (做狀語表示伴隨) 他喜歡窗戶關著睡覺。 He gave his seat to a woman with a baby in her arms. (做定語) 他把座位讓給了一個抱著嬰兒的女士。 With Tom to help us were sure to plete the task on time. (做狀語表示原因) 由于有湯姆幫助我們我們一定能準時完成任務的。 He stood there with a group of children surrounding him. 他站在那里一群孩子圍著他。 With a lot of difficult problems to be settled, the newly-elected manager is having a hard time. ( 做狀語表示原因) 由于有很多問題要解決，新上任的經(jīng)理度日如年。 With all the problems settled ,we went out for a swim. (做狀語表示原因) He likes sleeping with lights burning/ on. With the noise outside so aloud , I can’t settle down to my work.(做狀語表示伴隨) (2)with 復合結構中with常可以省略,省略之后的結構可以稱為“獨立主格結構” He came in with a book in his hand.= He came in a book in his hand.= He came in book in hand. With all the problems settled ,we went out for a swim.= All the problems settled ,we went out for a swim. 9. Some of the farmers have turned to keeping deer. turn to sth./sb./doing sth　 (1) 求助于 If you have any problem in your English study, please turn to me for help. 如果你英語學習上有什么問題，請跟我說。 (2) 轉向做某事 After she left the university, she became a teacher, but later turned to journalism. 她大學畢業(yè)后做了一名教師，但后來又轉行干新聞工作了。 (3) 轉向某人或某個方向 He turned to me and said hello to me. 他轉向我向我問候。 (4) 翻頁 Please turn to page40. 請翻到40頁。 （1）turn on/off開/關（電器、煤氣等） Turn on the lights when you enter the room, and don’t forget to turn them off before you leave. 進入房間時請把燈打開，但要記住離開前關上。 （2）turn up開大；調(diào)高（音量、煤氣等）；露面 He hasn’t turned up yet. 他到現(xiàn)在還沒有露面。 Will you turn up the radio? 請把收音機的音量開大一些好嗎？ （3）turn down 關??；調(diào)低（音量、煤氣等）；拒絕 —Would you like me to turn down the radio a bit? 我把收音機音量調(diào)低一點好嗎？ —No, it’s all right. I’m used to working with the radio on. 不用，這就很好。 我已經(jīng)習慣開著收音機工作了。 Our request for a pay rise was turned down again. 我們要求提高工資的請求再次被拒絕。 （4）turn out 關掉；熄滅；證明；生產(chǎn) The day turned out fine. 結果天晴了。 It turned out that he had never been there. 后來證實他從來沒有去過那兒。 The factory can turn out 1 000 cars a day. 這家工廠一天能生產(chǎn)1 000輛汽車。 （5） turn over 翻地；翻身；翻倒；仔細考慮 The farmers turned over the soil with a fork to destroy the weeds. 農(nóng)民用耙子翻地除草。 He turned over in the bed and couldn’t fall asleep. 他在床上翻來覆去，睡不著覺。 The car turned over twice and then fell into the river. 那輛車翻了兩次后掉進了河里。 He turned it over in his mind. 他在心中仔細考慮那件事。 （6）turn against背叛；反抗 For this many of his former friends turned against him. 鑒于此，他以前的許多朋友背叛了他。 ◆概念提示 重點/熱點1：New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world. 該句中的be + of + n. 為一個固定結構。 (1)be + of + n.= be + 相對應的adj. (名詞多為抽象名詞，如: use，help，importance等) 這種結構在句中可以作表語、定語或賓語補足語。 The suggestion he made at the meeting is of great use.(作表語) 他在會上提的建議很有用。 The young guy of average height is our new chemistry teacher. (作定語) 那位中等身材的年輕人是我們的新化學老師。 We found the dictionary of no use. (作賓補) 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這本字典根本沒用。 He is a person of great determination. (作定語) 他是個意志力非常堅決的人。 (2)be + of a/an + n.= be + of the same + n表示相同性，同一性。常用于該結構的名詞：age, weight, height, length, width, size等。 They are of a height.= They are of the same height. 他們身高一樣。 (3) be + of + different + n.(pl.) 表示不同，不一樣。 These flowers are of different colors. 這些花顏色不一樣。 易混易錯點1：“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解 　 "It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是近幾年高考的熱點，因此應給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下： It 作形式主語的常見句型： 1. It替代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為 （1）It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. 青少年沒有執(zhí)照開車是違法的。 （2）It be adj. (of sb.) to do sth. Its kind of you to help me with the problem. 你幫我解決這樣的問題真是太好了。 2. It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型： It’s no good/use doing… It’s (well)worth doing… It’s (well)worth (one’s) while doing/to do Its no use waiting on, for he won’t e. 在等下去是沒用的，他不會來的。 3. It替代作主語的從句常見句型 （1）It is + noun +從句 It is a pity that he should cheat in the exam. 他竟然在考試中作弊，這真是一件令人遺憾的事 （2）.It is adj. +clause Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness. 因為你的粗魯你應該向他道歉這是非常重要的。 （3）It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that… It worried me that she drove so fast.= It was worrying that she drove so fast. 他車開的那么快這讓我很擔心。 （4）It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do (常見的動詞有：appear, seem, happen, occur, turn out 等) It happened that they were out.= They happened to be out. 碰巧他們出去了。 （5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do (常見的動詞有say, report, think, believe, expect, accept, intend, plan, know等） It is reported that he won the first prize in the contest .=He is reported to have won the first prize in the contest. 據(jù)報道他在競賽中獲得了一等獎。 It 作形式賓語的句型： 用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。 It 作形式賓語的常見句型： (1)主語+verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (常見的動詞有：think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep等) I think it hard for you to do the job on your own. =I think it hard that youll do the job on your own. 我認為你獨自一人完成這個工作很難 I think it necessary that you (should) attend the meeting. 我認為你有必要參加這次會議。 (2) It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語從句緊跟it之后 I hate it when people speak with their mouth full of food. 我憎恨人們說話的時候嘴里充滿食物。 It 常用的固定搭配 1. make it (1).在口語當中相當于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達 Its hard to make it if one doesn’t work hard. 如果一個人不努力很難取得成功。 (2).在口語中相當于fix the date for,表示“約定好時間” —Shall we meet next week? 我們下周見面可以嗎？ —OK. We just make it next Saturday. 行，就定于下周六吧。 2. thats it (1). 相當于Thats all. Thats so much. 表示“至此為止，沒有別的了” You can have one more egg, and thats it. 你可以再吃另外一個雞蛋，沒別的了。 (2). 相當于 Thats right.表示“對啦” — I guess he will win the first prize. 我認為他會獲得一等獎的 —Thats it. 你說的很正確。 3. catch it 在口語中，相當于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做錯事而挨罵，受責備，受批評，受懲罰” Well really catch it form our teacher if were late for class again. 如果遲到的話我們會受到老師懲罰的。 4. have it (1).相當于say,表示“說，主張，表明，硬說” Rumor has it that they are getting divorced. 謠言說他們要離婚了。 (2).相當于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，獲悉” I had it from John that Tom was going abroad. 我從約翰那里聽說湯姆要出國了。 5. Keep at it! (Dont give up!)相當于go on,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄” My teacher asked me to keep at it in spite of trouble. 盡管有困難老師要我堅持下去。 6. As it happened, … 在口語中，相當于its a pity that…, 表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾” As it happened, they were out. 真遺憾他們不在家。 6. As it turned out,…在口語中，相當于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被證明是” As it turned out, it began to rain. 后來證明天的確開始下雨了。 7. Take it/things easy. 相當于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用來勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔心，存住氣” Take it easy! You will pick up soon. 別擔心！你很快會好起來的。 8. Take it from me.在口語中，相當于believe me what I say.表示“請相信我的話，我敢擔?！? You can take it from me that he will make it this time. 請相信我的話這次他會成功的。 9. Worth it 在口語中，相當于useful, 表示“有好處，值得做” Our efforts are worth it. 我們的努力是值得的。 10. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放棄 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. 這是我最后的提議了。你看著辦吧。 ⊕講題組 ◆課內(nèi)題例與課后題： 課內(nèi)題例 1. ____of the village ______ two small lakes. A. The east； lie　　 B. East； lies　　 C. The east； lies　　 D. East； lie 變式1. London lies ____ the Thames A. in B. off C. on D. to 變式2. The battle happened _______ the southwest coast A. of B. off C. to D. in 變式3. -- Can you tell me about Shanghai, l.iu Mei? -- Of course. Shanghai lies ____ the west of the Pacific Ocean, where you cant find many islands ____ the coast. A. on; off B. to; along C. in; off D. on; along 解析：1. 倒裝結構，主語是two small lakes，故謂語用lie。若介詞省略，方位詞前的the必須省略 答案：D 變式1. 位于河畔或表示相鄰時介詞用on .答案：C 變式2. off 表示離什么地方附近不遠處。答案：B。 變式2. 本題考查描述方位和方向的正確表達方法。on the west of，在……的西面(強調(diào)接壤)，off the (east) coast 在(東部)沿海附近不遠處，所以A項正確。答案：A 2. There are 60 students in our class, ______ 52﹪are boy students. A. which B. of which C. where D. of them 變式1. There are 60 students in our class, 52﹪______ boy students. A. which B. of which C. where D. of them 解析：2. 這是一道體現(xiàn)部分與整體關系的定語從句，52﹪是部分，of which=and of them是整體.答案：B 變式1. 這時一道考查獨立主格結構的練習題，即52﹪of them是邏輯主語+ n. (boy students).答案：D 3. 7 women and 10 men _____ the mittee. A. make up of B. are posed of C. are made D. consist of 變式1. Women _______ 20﹪of the total. A. make up B. take up C. set up D. use up 變式2. The piano _______ much room. A. make up B. take up C. set up D. use up 變式3. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over 解析：3. 表示構成的結構有D項，也可以采用make up 這一短語。 變式1. 考查make up做占多少百分比這一用法.take up 是指占空間和時間。答案：A 變式2. 考查.take up 占空間和時間這一用法而make up是指占多少百分比。答案：B 變式3. make out領悟。弄明白。發(fā)現(xiàn)真相；make off連忙跑掉；make up彌補。打扮，組成；make over轉讓，改造。答案：A 4 . -- Do you like ____ here? -- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (NMET xx) A. this B. these C. that D. it 變式1. I like ______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 解析：4. 本題考查it的特殊用法，it在這里指模糊的情形、環(huán)境、狀況。其余代詞指具體事物。答案：D 變式1. 本題考查不定代詞的用法。分析句子的結構，此處用it指代后面when引導的從句?！癐 like/appreciate it+從句”為固定句型結構。答案：C 5. Our factory has turned out 2,000 cars this year, all of which ____ quality. A. is good　　 B. are good　　 C. is of high　　 D. are of high 變式1. I found the map of______. A. value B. valuable C. values D. valued 解析：5. 題意為‘我們工廠今年生產(chǎn)汽車xx輛，而且都是高質(zhì)量的’ be of +名詞 表示事物（汽車）的屬性或特征。答案：D 變式1. 考查“be of + 抽象名詞=be +抽象名詞的形容詞”用來描述某人/某物的特征。答案：A 6.----Why does she always ask you for help? 　----There is no one else _____, is there? 　A. who to turn to　　 B. she can turn to　　 C. for whom to turn　　 D. for her to turn 變式1. After she left the university, she became a teacher, but later_____ journalism. A. turned to B. adapted to C. replied to D. responded to 解析：6. 本題考查定語從句和詞組搭配。turn to可表示求助于某人，‘she can turn to’作定語從句，省略了關系代詞who/whom。答案：B 變式1. 該句意思是“她大學畢業(yè)后做了一名教師，但后來又轉行干新聞工作了?！笨疾閠urn to 做“轉向”這一用法。答案A 課后題： 1.The pany is the possession of Mr. Smith. A. in B. under C. on D. for 2.He was very disappointed to find his suggestion . A. turned up B. turned in C. turned down D .turned out 3.The matter your fate can’t be taken for granted. A. relating to B. related to C. relate to D. to relate to 4.—He was almost killed once. —When was ? — was xx when he was in the college. A. that；It B. this；This C. this；It D. that；This 5.On his father’s death, he came into of vast fortune. A. possess B. possessive C. possession D. possessor 解析： 1.A be in the possession of sb在某人的掌管之中。 2.C turn down指“拒絕，不接受”。 3.B related to 前面省略了which is ,relate sth to sth “與某事有關”。 4.A that用來指前面已發(fā)生的事，it用于省略的強調(diào)句中，when引導的定語從句的先行詞為xx。 5.C 句意為他父親死后給他留下一大筆財產(chǎn)。 ◆經(jīng)典頁面： ⊕課后練習題 A組： 1.Since the mid-1980s growing numbers of Asians have settled in New Zealand, and they about 60% of the total population. A. take up B. pick up C. make up D. hold up 2.In Disneyland every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refuses to signs asking his “guests” not to step on them. A. put down B. put out C. put up D. put off 3.Mr Smith is now for it is quite a long time since he smoked. A. in poor health B. in good health C. poor in health D. good in health 4.Tom missed his footing and fell, but he quickly struggled his feet. A. with B. at C .for D. to 5.The rainy season makes impossible to continue with the repair work. A./ B. them C. that D. it 6.It has taken Joe a long time to e to with the fact that he won’t be able to go to college. A. terms B. receptions C. agreements D. admissions 7.Excuse me, Mr. Black, but I have to you with a few questions. A. ask B. bother C. disturb D. admire 8.It was during that period that silk made in China rose .Many westerners came to buy it and shipped it to European countries. A. famous B. for fame C .in fame D. to fame 9.He got wet all over, so I his clothes. A. insisted on him to change B. insisted he changed C. insisted on his changing D. insisted that he must change 10.After he left school he got a job as a clerk in a pany, but later he turned . A. to drive B. for driving C. to driving D. to be driver 1. C. take up從事于；pick up撿起；搭車；make up構成，組成；hold up支撐；使停頓。 2. C. put down鎮(zhèn)壓；put out 撲滅；put up豎起；put off推遲。 3. B. since he smoked意為“自從他戒煙后”。 4.D. struggle to one’s feet爬起來，掙扎著站起來。 5. D. make it impossible to do sth.使不可能做某事；it是形式賓語，代替后面的不定式短語。 6. A. e to terms with是固定短語，意為“甘心忍受；屈服于；被迫接受”。 7. B. bother sb. with sth.打擾某人做某事。題意是“我得打