2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Global warming練習(xí) 新人教版選修6.doc

2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Global warming練習(xí) 新人教版選修6.閱讀理解(xx皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)We sometimes think global warming or climate change is a problem very far away from our lives, and that only the government needs to worry about it. But its hardly possible to pletely stay out of itscientists are now 95 percent sure that humans have been the “dominant cause” of global warming trends since the 1950s.One of the conclusions of a report released on Sept 27 by the United Nations says that human activities have caused global temperatures to rise by 0.89 between 1901 and xx. That might not seem like a lot, but the truth is that a major part of that heat has been absorbed into the oceans, which is not surprising given that they cover two thirds of Earths surface. Also, water has a much greater capacity (容量) to absorb heat than the air does, according to The Economist.While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to keep the Earth warm enough to support life, humans use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess (多余的) greenhouse gases. According to CNN, by driving cars, using electricity produced by burning coal and oil or heating our homes with coal or natural gas, we release a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.Your body can barely feel a difference of 0.89， but the Earths ecosystems are so sensitive that even small changes can disturb them. It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up being extinct.Global warming is also linked to an increase in extreme weather. A larger amount of carbon dioxide traps more energy inside the atmosphere. This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods. Worse still, melting sea ice in warmer oceans is causing sea levels to rise at a speed of more than three millimeters per year, according to The Guardian, which also increases the risk of flooding.“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to e，” French Michel Jarraud, secretarygeneral of the World Meteorological Organization, said at a news conference.文章大意：全球變暖不是只有政府才關(guān)心的事，它與我們每個人都息息相關(guān)。1The underlined word “dominant” in the first paragraph means “ _”Amon BindirectCsecondary Dleading答案：D猜測詞義題。畫線詞所在句意：現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家可以95%確定人類是20世紀50年代以來全球變暖的主要原因。所以畫線詞意為“主要的”。2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AGreenhouse gases have been proven to harm merely the Earth.BThere is little we can do to prevent global warming. CGlobal warming can increase the chances of droughts and floods. DThe hugeness of oceans makes them better absorbers of heat than the air.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。由第五段第三句話“This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods.”可知，C項正確。3The rise in global temperatures between 1901 and xx _. Ais more harmful to smaller creatures than bigger ones Bis not serious because most of the extra heat has been absorbed by the oceansChas made the Earths ecosystems more sensitive to changes Dis likely to cause many species to bee extinct答案：D細節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后一句話“It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up being extinct.”可知，D項正確。4What is Michel Jarrauds attitude toward the report released by the UN?ANegative. BSupportive.CDoubtful. DUninterested. 答案：B推理判斷題。由最后一段他所說的話“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to e”可推知，他認為聯(lián)合國的報告對我們有提醒作用，所以是支持該報告的。.完形填空(xx南京市、鹽城市二模)Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed(勸誘) downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior _1_ when you make gradual changes that give you time to _2_ negative patterns for positive ones.On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and _3_ to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time _4_ or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high _5_. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing _6_ it was they thought they shouldnt be doing.After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not _7_ if they start with the change itself. _8_， they believe that we must _9_ a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that _10_ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that _11_ what you do, you must decide which behaviorchange technique will work best for you.According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most _12_ problems and related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to _13_ when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing _14_ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I cant believe I failed that easy exam. Im so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” selftalk into rational, _15_ statements about what is really going on, you can increase the _16_ that positive behaviors will occur.Positive selftalk might be _17_ as follows: “I really didnt study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next _18_.”Such selftalk will help you to recover quickly from _19_ and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully _20_ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“我們”自身養(yǎng)成的一些壞習(xí)慣不是一朝一夕就能改變的。想成功地改掉這些消極的行為就必須給“我們”一些時間用積極的行為來替代消極的行為。1AdeclineBremain Cdisappear Dimprove答案：D考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“when you make gradual changes that give you time to _2_ negative patterns for positive ones”可知，此處是指成功地改變消極行為的可能性會得到改善。improve意為“改善，提高”，符合語境。故選D項。decline意為“下降”；remain意為“仍然，保持”；disappear意為“消失”，均與語境不符。2Asubstitute Bcancel Cfind Dignore答案：A考查動詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指用一些積極的行為來替代一些消極的行為。固定短語：substitute sth.for sth.意為“用來替代”，符合語境。故選A項。cancel意為“取消”；find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”；ignore意為“忽視”，均與語境不符。3Arefuse Bdetermine Chesitate Dadvocate答案：B考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“.we start out with high _5_. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail.”可知，每天無數(shù)人起床之后都下定決心從“今天”開始改變一些行為。determine意為“下決心”，符合語境。故選B項。refuse意為“拒絕”；hesitate意為“猶豫”；advocate意為“提倡”，均與語境不符。4Amore Bbetter Cworse Dless答案：B考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“be exercising more，drinking less”(多鍛煉，少喝酒)可知，此處指更好地安排時間。better意為“更好地”，符合語境。故選B項。more意為“更多”；worse意為“更糟糕”；less意為“更少”，均與語境不符。5Avalues Brequirements Cexpectations Dlevels答案：C考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指我們帶著高的期望值開始。expectation意為“期待”，符合語境。故選C項。value意為“價值”；requirement意為“要求”；level意為“水平”，均與語境不符。6Awhichever Bhowever Cwherever Dwhatever答案：D考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作“was”的表語，且沒有范圍限制，所以使用whatever，意為“無論什么”。故選D項。whichever意為“無論哪個(些)”，有范圍限制；however意為“無論怎樣”；wherever意為“無論哪里”，均與語境不符。7Asucceed Bfail Cexist Dfade答案：A考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，文中認為必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段來為最終的改變做好充分準備，因此如果只是改變習(xí)慣本身是不會成功的。succeed意為“成功”，符合語境。故選A項。fail意為“失敗”；exist意為“存在”；fade意為“凋謝，褪色”，均與語境不符。8ANevertheless BOtherwise CInstead DMoreover答案：C考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文“改變習(xí)慣本身是不會成功的”和下文“我們必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段為最終的改變做好充分準備”可知，此處是肯定后者否定前者，instead意為“相反”，符合語境。故選C項。nevertheless意為“然而“；otherwise意為“否則”；moreover意為“而且”，均與語境不符。9Alook through Bbreak through Cgo through Dpull through答案：C考查動詞短語辨析。我們必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段為最終的改變做好充分準備。go through意為“經(jīng)歷，通過”，符合語境。故選C項。look through意為“瀏覽，檢查”；break through意為“突破”；pull through意為“渡過難關(guān)，恢復(fù)健康”，均與語境不符。10Ainitial Btemporary Cinstant Deventual答案：D考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，如果我們要成功地改變這些壞的習(xí)慣，就要為最終的變化做好充分的準備。eventual意為“最后的”，符合語境。故選D項。initial意為“最初的”；temporary意為“臨時的”；instant意為“立即的”，均與語境不符。11Ainvolve Binfluence Cexplain Dadjust答案：B考查動詞辨析。句意為：一旦你已經(jīng)分析出影響你行為的所有因素，你就必須決定出哪些改變行為的技巧會對你最起作用。influence意為“影響”，符合語境。故選B項。involve意為“包括，涉及”；explain意為“解釋”；adjust意為“調(diào)整，適應(yīng)”，均與語境不符。12Aemotional Bphysical Ctechnical Dprofessional答案：A考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此處為情緒上的問題。emotional意為“情緒的”，符合語境。故選A項。physical意為“身體的，物質(zhì)的”；technical意為“技術(shù)的”；professional意為“專業(yè)的”，均與語境不符。13Aall Bothers Csomeone Dthemselves答案：D考查代詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的主語“people”以及下文中的“in their lives”“what they would like.”和“you say to yourself”可知，此處用反身代詞 themselves。故選D項。14Apoorly Bcarefully Cpletely Dslowly答案：A考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“.you say to yourself，I cant believe I failed that easy exam.Im so stupid.”可知，此處指如果自己考試考得很糟糕。poorly意為“差勁地，糟糕地，貧乏地”，符合語境。故選A項。carefully意為“小心地”；pletely意為“完全地”；slowly意為“慢慢地”，均與語境不符。15Apositive Bridiculous Cnegative Dexplicit答案：A考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“that positive behaviors will occur”可知，此處應(yīng)用positive，意為“積極的”，符合語境。故選A項。ridiculous意為“荒謬的”；negative意為“消極的”；explicit意為“清晰的，清楚的”，均與語境不符。16Adanger Bawareness Camount Dprobability答案：D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“By changing this irrationalcatastrophic selftalk into rational”可知，你可以提高積極的行為發(fā)生的可能性。probability意為“可能性”，符合語境。故選D項。danger意為“危險”；awareness意為“意識”；amount意為“量”，均與語境不符。17Awritten Bphrased Clisted Dcaptioned答案：B考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文引號中的內(nèi)容可知，此處指積極的自我談話的措辭如下phrase意為“措辭”，符合語境。故選B項。write意為“寫”；list意為“列出”；caption意為“給加上標題”，均與語境不符。18Aresearch Btest Ctalk Dproblem答案：B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“I really didnt study enough for the exam.”可知，這次考試準備不足，下一次考試要好好準備。故選B項。19Atiredness Bhabits Cdisappointment Dburdens答案：C考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“I really didnt study enough for the exam.”可知，此處指這次考試沒考好而引起的失望。disappointment意為“失望”，符合語境。故選C項。tiredness意為“疲勞”，habit意為“習(xí)慣”；burden意為“負擔(dān)”，均與語境不符。20Arecalling Bstarting Cblocking Dholding答案：C考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于)negative images”可知，block意為“阻礙”，與句中的“stop”和“refuse”意思相近，符合語境。故選C項。recall意為“回想”；start意為“開始”；hold意為“持有”，均與語境不符。.語法填空(xx海口市調(diào)測)John：Ive been noticing recently quite a lot of black smoke ing out of the chimneys of that factory near our school. _1_ really pollutes the air here.Mary：Yes. But I heard recently that the _2_(own) of the factory have promised to take measures to reduce their factorys pollution.John：I hope they will keep their promise.Mary：I think they will. Ive been told that _3_ special machine is supposed to be fixed by the end of this year. Its said that the machine can clean the dust out of the smoke _4_ it goes into the air.John：Thats good. Dust is really _5_(harm) to our lungs. I know that because my family lives near a steel factory with a chimney constantly _6_(pour) out black smoke. Mary：Oh, you live near the steel factory? Is it true that we shouldnt eat the fish from the lake near the steel factory?John：Yes, thats truethe lake _7_(pollute) by waste from the steel factory. Mary：Why dont they do anything to clean up the pollution?John：They always promise, _8_ they never act. A bit of action is _9_ we need. Mary：Youre quite _10_.文章大意：本文是一篇情景對話，討論了工廠污染環(huán)境的問題。答案：1It/That考查代詞。此處指上句話提到的這家工廠嚴重污染空氣，故可以填I(lǐng)t/That，指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。注意首字母要大寫。2owners考查名詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處是“主人”的意思；同時根據(jù)題干中謂語動詞“have promised”可知，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，故填owners。3a考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是表示“一種”的意思。故填a。4before考查連詞。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要用連詞來連接兩句話，同時根據(jù)空格前后句意可知，所缺詞意為“在之前”。故填before。5harmful考查形容詞。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞應(yīng)是形容詞，故填harmful。be harmful to意為“對有害”。6pouring考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)題干中“with”可知，所填詞在句中作賓補，而且與賓語之間是主動關(guān)系，強調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生。故填pouring。7has been polluted考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)題干大意可知，此處指被動，而且強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。故填has been polluted。8but考查連詞。前后兩句話之間是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but，指他們總是承諾，但從不行動。9what/all考查表語從句或定語從句。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句話是一個表語從句，從句中缺少“need”的賓語，意為“的東西”，故填what。同時what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句常可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“all that”結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句。因為在本句中先行詞在從句中作賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞that可以省去。10right/correct考查形容詞。此處是表示同意對方所說的，意為“對的，正確的”，故填right/correct。