高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一篇 語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用攻略 專(zhuān)題一 單項(xiàng)填空 第9講 定語(yǔ)從句課件.ppt

第9講 定語(yǔ)從句,考點(diǎn)1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 【典例】1. (2015江蘇高考)The number of smokers, _is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A. it B. which C. what D. as 【解析】選D。句意: 據(jù)報(bào)道, 吸煙者的數(shù)量在僅僅一年內(nèi)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示“正如”。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不放在句中。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】which還是as (1)誤導(dǎo)原因: 在定語(yǔ)從句中, 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句時(shí), 常用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 (2)去偽存真: 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句表示“正如”時(shí), 要用as而不用which引導(dǎo)。,2. (2015福建高考)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 【解析】選D。句意: 今日中國(guó)吸引了全世界的讀者, 這表明世界各地越來(lái)越多的人想了解中國(guó)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格后的句子是對(duì)空格前的句子的解釋說(shuō)明, 故是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which指代前面的整個(gè)句子。,3. (2015四川高考)The books on the desk, _covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 【解析】選C。句意: 桌子上封面閃閃發(fā)亮的那些書(shū)是我們的獎(jiǎng)品。先行詞為books, 在從句中作名詞covers的定語(yǔ), 故用whose。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】which還是whose (1)誤導(dǎo)原因: 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中, 常用which指代事或物。 (2)去偽存真: 作名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí), 要用whose而不是which。,4. (2014重慶高考)Well reach the sales targets in a month_we set at the beginning of the year. A. which B. where C. when D. what 【解析】選A。句意: 我們一個(gè)月內(nèi)就可以達(dá)到年初設(shè)定的銷(xiāo)售目標(biāo)了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知, 用定語(yǔ)從句, 先行詞為the sales targets, 在從句中作動(dòng)詞set的賓語(yǔ), 引導(dǎo)詞可用that/which或省略。,5. (2014陜西高考)Please send us all the information_you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 【解析】選A。句意: 請(qǐng)把你掌握的有關(guān)這個(gè)崗位人選的所有信息發(fā)給我們。分析句子成分可知, 從句中缺“have”的賓語(yǔ), 故用關(guān)系代詞, information被不定代詞all修飾, 故用that, 而不用which。,6. (2014四川高考)Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, _is quite unexpected. A. that B. which C. who D. it 【解析】選B。句意: 到現(xiàn)在為止, 我們已經(jīng)為貧困兒童籌集了5萬(wàn)英鎊, 這是完全沒(méi)想到的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及選項(xiàng)可知是考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 從句中缺少主語(yǔ)。此處關(guān)系代詞which代指前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容, 并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。,7. (2014北京高考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _my classmates recommended to me. A. who B. which C. when D. where 【解析】選B。句意: 上周我從圖書(shū)館借了福爾摩斯探案集, 這本書(shū)是我同學(xué)推薦給我的。分析句子可知這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 從句中缺少賓語(yǔ), 排除C、D; 先行詞是一本書(shū), 排除A。,8. (2014山東高考)A company_profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【解析】選B。句意: 來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的利潤(rùn)在下降的公司可以尋求國(guó)外機(jī)會(huì)。定語(yǔ)從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞且修飾名詞profits, 關(guān)系代詞whose修飾從句中的名詞profits且引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞a company, 故選B。,【解題技巧】 1. 正確選用關(guān)系代詞: (1)只用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: 先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, something, little, much, none, few, the one等不定代詞時(shí); 先行詞被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等詞修飾時(shí); 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí); 先行詞被the only, the very(正是、恰是), the last修飾時(shí); 先行詞含有人和物兩者時(shí); 先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ), 關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。,(2)只用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí); 關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ), 且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí); 先行詞本身是that時(shí); 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句, 代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念時(shí)。,(3)who(m), whose的用法: 關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí), 不同情況常用不同的關(guān)系詞。 a. 當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí), 關(guān)系詞常用who。 b. 先行詞為anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等詞時(shí), 關(guān)系詞常用who。 c. 當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí), 關(guān)系詞常用that。 d. whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ), 而who可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可以省略)或表語(yǔ)。 e. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí), 只能用whom。,whose作關(guān)系詞既可指人又可指物, 在從句中作定語(yǔ)。常有以下形式的轉(zhuǎn)換: whose+n. =the+n. +of+whom/which。 (4)多用as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前、主句之后或者主句中間皆可; 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為be announced, be expected, be known, be mentioned, be reported, be said等被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ); 表示整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容, 有時(shí)含有“按照; 正如; 根據(jù)”等意思; 在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中, 關(guān)系代詞代表整個(gè)主句所述的內(nèi)容, 如as we all know, as we all can see, as is often the case, as often happens等; 當(dāng)先行詞被such, the same, so +adj. +a/an, such+a/an +adj. , as many/much修飾時(shí)。,2. 特別注意: 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。 Tom is one of the volunteers who have come up with the solution. Tom is the only one of the volunteers who has come up with the solution.,考點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 【典例】1. (2015陜西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 【解析】選D。句意: 作為家里最小的孩子, 亞歷克斯總是盼著自己能獨(dú)立的時(shí)刻。分析句子可知此處考查定語(yǔ)從句, 從句中不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ), 由此判斷用關(guān)系副詞, 而先行詞the time表示的是時(shí)間, 故用關(guān)系副詞when。,2. (2015天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere_his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. who 【解析】選A。句意: 公司的老板正在努力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氛圍, 在這種氛圍下他的員工樂(lè)于工作。分析從句可知, 從句不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ), 故應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞, 先行詞是atmosphere, 表示的不是時(shí)間, 而是一種抽象地點(diǎn), 故選A。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】which還是where (1)誤導(dǎo)原因: 在定語(yǔ)從句中, 當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí), which與where易混淆。 (2)去偽存真: 定語(yǔ)從句正確做題方法應(yīng)該是: 先看從句中缺不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ), 決定是關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞; 然后再看先行詞是人還是物, 再進(jìn)行判斷。,3. (2014浙江高考)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why 【解析】選A。句意: 直到五年級(jí)的時(shí)候我才成為一個(gè)登山愛(ài)好者, 當(dāng)時(shí)我去樹(shù)上拿卡在樹(shù)枝里的風(fēng)箏。when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾先行詞the fifth grade, when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,4. (2013浙江高考)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what B. where C. when D. why 【解析】選B。句意: 博物館將于春天開(kāi)放, 屆時(shí)將有一個(gè)展覽, 還將有一個(gè)看臺(tái), 在看臺(tái)上游客可以看到正在建設(shè)中的大玻璃房子。該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 先行詞為platform, 該空在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 只能用where。,【解題技巧】 1. 掌握關(guān)系副詞的基本用法:,2. 小心“地點(diǎn)模糊化”名詞: 所謂的地點(diǎn)模糊化就是某些抽象名詞作為先行詞, 且其后的定語(yǔ)從句又缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo), 這類(lèi)詞常見(jiàn)的有business, case, circumstance, condition, point, position, situation, state, activity, work, family, phase等。 Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.,考點(diǎn)3 介詞+whom/which/whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere_employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which 【解析】選C。句意: 創(chuàng)造一種氛圍, 使得員工感到是團(tuán)隊(duì)的一部分, 這是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是atmosphere, 分析從句結(jié)構(gòu)可知atmosphere在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 可排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。在這種氛圍中應(yīng)該用in the atmosphere, 故選C。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】in which還是at which (1)誤導(dǎo)原因: at和in都可以表示“在某個(gè)地方”, 并且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以和which搭配。 (2)去偽存真: 此處先行詞是atmosphere, 表示在這種氛圍中應(yīng)該用in而不是at, 即in the atmosphere。,2. (2015安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_school education depends. A. it B. that C. whose D. which 【解析】選D。句意: 一些專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育應(yīng)該依靠的基本技能。depend upon=depend on依靠, 依賴(lài)。結(jié)合句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu), 可知upon及其后的句子成分在句中作the fundamental skill的定語(yǔ), 是定語(yǔ)從句。從句中缺少賓語(yǔ), 故用關(guān)系代詞which。,3. (2015重慶高考)He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s. A. whom B. which C. them D. that 【解析】選B。句意: 他寫(xiě)了很多兒童書(shū)籍, 差不多一半發(fā)表于20世紀(jì)90年代。先行詞為many childrens books, 在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ), 故要用which。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】that還是which (1)誤導(dǎo)原因: 在定語(yǔ)從句中, 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指事、物時(shí), 常用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 (2)去偽存真: 指代事、物作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 只能用which, 不可用that。,4. (2014天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _uses it differently. A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them 【解析】選B。句意: 英語(yǔ)是一種多元文化共享的語(yǔ)言, 每一種文化都以不同的方式使用它。分析句子成分可知此處考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)uses可知是單數(shù), 排除A和C; 若選D, 需加連詞and, 故選B。,5. (2013浙江高考)The children, _had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意: 孩子們都累了, 他們都玩了一整天。該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為children, 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ), 只能用whom。故選D。,【解題技巧】 1. whom, which和whose與介詞連用的用法。 關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom, 指物時(shí)常用which。whose也可以放在介詞后, 即構(gòu)成“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), whose指人、物皆可。,2. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”中介詞的選擇可根據(jù)下列原則: 一先, 二動(dòng), 三意義。 一先: 即根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)確定介詞。例如: The pencil _he used to write is broken. 分析: 先行詞pencil, 再結(jié)合用什么工具可知用介詞with。 二動(dòng): 即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)確定介詞。例如: In the dark street there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help. 分析: 由定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞turn可知“求助于某人”是turn to sb. for help。,with which,to whom,三意義: 即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。例如: In the office I never seem to have time until after 5: 30 pm, _ _ many people have gone home. 分析: 定語(yǔ)從句意為“到那時(shí), 許多人已經(jīng)回家了?！薄暗綍r(shí)為止” 應(yīng)用介詞by。,by which,time,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的混用 Ill never forget the days_I spent in New York with you. (變式)Ill never forget the days_I visited New York with you. A. which B. where C. when D. why,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)選擇關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵是看它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 就應(yīng)考慮選擇關(guān)系代詞; 若定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ), 就應(yīng)考慮選擇關(guān)系副詞。 (2)根據(jù)以上原則, 通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知題中缺少spend的賓語(yǔ), 故選A; 題中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 故選C。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 固定句式混用 Mary is so lovely a girl_everybody loves her. (變式)Mary is so lovely a girl_everybody loves. A. that B. as C. which D. when,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)so. . . as或so. . . that為固定句式, 前者為as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, as在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ); 后者為that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句, 該從句的成分是完整的, 不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似的固定句式還有the same. . . as(that), such. . . as, as. . . as等。 (2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知題中不缺少成分, 故選A。題中缺少love的賓語(yǔ), 故選B。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 混淆定語(yǔ)從句與并列句 They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of_were carried out in their work. (變式)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of_were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句與并列句, 要注意句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和連接詞。如果句與句之間有并列連詞and, but或者分號(hào), 則是并列句; 如果是逗號(hào), 且逗號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明, 則是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系詞。 (2)根據(jù)以上原則, 題中沒(méi)有并列連詞and, but或者分號(hào), 是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 故選A。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。題中兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but, 使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句, 故選B。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 混淆定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It was in the hospital_he came across a friend of his. (變式)It was the hospital_he came across a friend of his. A. that B. as C. where D. which,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)區(qū)分是定語(yǔ)從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句, 關(guān)鍵看從句中是否缺少句子成分, 如果去掉it is/was和that/who, 在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下, 如句子仍然成立則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句, 否則為定語(yǔ)從句。 (2)題可改為: in the hospital he came across a friend of his. 。顯然, 這句話是正確的, 故為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。故選A。題改后為the hospital he came across a friend of his, 這句話不正確, 為定語(yǔ)從句。故選C。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5 混淆非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句 _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (變式)_is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. (變式)_is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. What C. As D. Which,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)首先確定有沒(méi)有逗號(hào), 若有, 一般為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 (2)若沒(méi)有逗號(hào), 從句為名詞性從句。若后面有that從句, 一般為主語(yǔ)從句, 前面則為形式主語(yǔ)it; 若后面的that從句前面有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be的形式, 其前則為缺少主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句, 故選用what。 (3)依上判斷題為定語(yǔ)從句, 因?yàn)槲挥诰涫姿灾荒苓xC。題選A。題選B。,