2019年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 提分單元加餐練 第八輯 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 新人教版選修8.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 提分單元加餐練 第八輯 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 新人教版選修8 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Just in time for National Popcorn Day, a new study shows that people in whats now Peru were eating the snack about 2,000 years earlier than we thought. Coastal peoples were preparing corn－based foods up to 6,700 years ago, according to analysis of remains of the ancient corn recently discovered at the Paredones and Huaca Prieta archaeological sites on Perus northern coast. Previously, evidence of corn as a food about 5,000 years ago had mostly e from what are called microfossils—microscopic remains that do not offer information on the size and shape of the corncobs (玉米棒). But the newly found corn remains revealed a lot, via radiocarbon dating and other tests. The people who lived in Paredones and Huaca Prieta probably cooked corn in several ways: Wrapping a corncob and resting it on coals, roasting a corncob directly over a flame, or cooking a corncob in an earthen oven. In this culture, corn was a delicious food or a minor supplement to the dietarchaeological evidence shows they did not eat it in large amounts. Corn was first grown in Mexico about 9,000 years ago from a wild grass called teosinte, according to Piperno, whose research has been published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. A few thousand years later, corn was brought to South America, where farmers bred the plant crop into hundreds of varieties. Indeed, what surprised Piperno most about the new research was the diversity of corn—from corncob shapes to kernel (玉米粒) colors discovered in the newfound remains. “Farmers like to experiment and grow cool things，” she said. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項新的考古研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類在距今約6，700年前已開始食用玉米，比之前所認(rèn)為的時間提前了約兩千年。 1．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Ancient popcorn was eaten about 2,000 years earlier than thought in Peru B．A new discovery revealed the mystery about corn C．How was corn cooked in ancient Peru and South America? D．National Popcorn Day and the new－found corn remains in Peru 答案：A 標(biāo)題判斷題。由文章主旨段第一段并縱觀全文可知，文章講的是新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類開始食用玉米的時間比我們認(rèn)為的還要早大約2,000年，故選A。 2．From the passage we can learn that microfossils of corn ________ . A．showed that people began cooking corn about 5,000 years ago B．offered detailed information on the size of the ancient corncobs C．showed the specific shape of the ancient corncobs D．were analyzed by scientists via radiocarbon dating 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話中的“Previously, evidence of corn as a food about 5,000 years ago had mostly e from what are called microfossils”可知，玉米微化石顯示人們在大約5,000年前已開始以玉米為食物。 3．What can we know about the newly found corn remains? A．They revealed people in Paredones and Huaca Prieta never roasted a corncob directly over a flame. B．They revealed people in Paredones and Huaca Prieta lived mainly on cornbased foods. C．They showed us how ancient farmers bred corn from a wild grass. D．They offered more information on ancient corn than microfossils of corn. 答案：D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話中的“... microscopic remains that do not offer information on the size and shape of the corncobs”和第二句話“But the newly found corn remains revealed a lot ...”可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的玉米遺跡能夠比玉米微化石提供更多的關(guān)于古代玉米的信息。 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Remains of ancient corn were found in different places of the world. B．Various kinds of corn were discovered in the new－found corn remains. C．Ancient corncob shapes and kernel colors are quite different from those of today. D．Piperno likes to experiment and grow cool things. 答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“what surprised Piperno most about the new research was the diversity of corn—from corncob shapes to kernel (玉米粒) colors discovered in the newfound remains”可知B項正確。 B The ancient Maya mastered the art of ceramic (制陶藝術(shù)) in a manner which virtually no other culture did. The Vase of the Seven Gods, made in the area of Naranjo, an ancient city of the Maya civilization in the present－day Petn, Guatemala, shows the fine way Maya handled clay. Like all art of Maya, this vase exhibits highly religious symbols. Furthermore, the artists name is carved along the bottom of this piece in the form of a small white rabbit. Ceramics also served as reminders of ancestors and gods. The Flour De Lis Vase is a fine example of this. The water lilies are not only symbols of new birth and life giving qualities, but a constant reminder of purity. On this vase, the water lilies are white, which is undoubtedly a sign of purity. The black background shows the sea, in which the lilies float. Furthermore, ceramics served practical functions in the Maya culture. Vases, which are quite monly seen today, were used primarily to hold liquid chocolate and cocoa. Bowls were used to hold various maize (玉米) products. Maize was seen as the imaginary body of the Maize God and the ancient Maya thought that as one ate the maize or the body of God from the bowl, they actually became God. Plates were merely used for any object. Finally, Maya used depictions on ceramics to resurrect (使復(fù)活) family members and honor gods. Because they believe that they would e back to life with their names spoken or their figures drawn, the carvings and paintings on these ceramics played a vital role in Maya spirituality. Clearly, ceramics served a key function in ancient Maya society from dinner plates to acts of God. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文為說明文，介紹了古老的瑪雅文化和古代瑪雅人高超的制陶藝術(shù)。 5．What do we know from the passage? A．The art of ceramic of the ancient Maya was instructed by gods. B．The Vase of the Seven Gods was made by the people of Guatemala. C．The art of ceramic of the ancient Maya was the best in the world at that time. D．Naranjo is a well－known city of Guatemala at present. 答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，古老的瑪雅文化中的制陶藝術(shù)是當(dāng)時其他文化所沒有掌握的。因而在當(dāng)時它也是最好的，故選C。 6．Which of the following is a characteristic of the art of Maya? A．Seven gods are carved on a vase. B．A vase exhibits highly religious symbols. C．The artists name is carved on the top of a vase. D．There is a big white rabbit on a vase. 答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Like all art of Maya, this vase exhibits highly religious symbols.”可知，像所有瑪雅藝術(shù)品一樣，帶有七個神明的花瓶展示了高度宗教化的符號，故答案為B。 7．The ancient Maya used the Flour De Lis Vase to ________ . A．remind them of their ancestors and gods B．hold water and grain or cook food C．show the importance of new birth and life D．express peoples pure friendship and love 答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“Ceramics also served as reminders of ancestors and gods. The Flour De Lis Vase is a fine example of this.”可知，古瑪雅人以此來祭祀祖先和神明，故答案為A。 8．The Maya carved names and figures of family members on ceramics to________ . A．honor their family members B．be remembered by their children C．draw the attention of the shoppers D．wish they would e back to life 答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句中的“Because they believe that they would e back to life with their names spoken or their figures drawn”可知，他們希望以此方式讓家人復(fù)活，故答案為D。 Ⅱ.七選五 Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. __1__ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (鄉(xiāng)村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. __2__The process of urbanization—the migration (遷徙) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. __3__ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety－five people on farms to feed five people in cities. __4__ Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite (精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. __5__ Today, instead of needing ninety－five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non－farmers. A．That kept cities very small. B．The rest live in small towns. C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D．Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. E．But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文為說明文，介紹了古老的瑪雅文化和古代瑪雅人高超的制陶藝術(shù)。 1．E 上文提到5,500年之前出現(xiàn)了第一座城市，根據(jù)下文中的“In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (鄉(xiāng)村的) villages.”可知，還是幾乎所有的人都居住在農(nóng)村，上下文明顯存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 2．D 前文講到英國是最早出現(xiàn)的城市化社會；并由下文中的關(guān)鍵詞“The process of urbanization ...”可知，既然出現(xiàn)了城市化的進(jìn)程，說明不久許多工業(yè)國家變成城市社會。上下文為順承關(guān)系。 3．B 聯(lián)系上兩句中的“... over 82% ... live in cities”和“Only about 2% live on farms.”可知，剩下的住在小鎮(zhèn)里。 4．A 設(shè)空處前一句作為原因，導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是：使城市一直保持很小的規(guī)模，因而A項符合語境，且其中的That指代前一句整句內(nèi)容；另外，下文中的“Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite (精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them.”也是對A項內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡釋。 5．F 上文是因：工業(yè)革命打破了城鄉(xiāng)之間的平衡；選項是果：現(xiàn)代化使農(nóng)民進(jìn)城并使得農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率提高很多；且從下文的描述中可以進(jìn)一步印證這一結(jié)果。 Ⅲ.語法填空 I am a student and part－time waitress in Chicago.__1__ I grew up, I was used to words such as “Dont talk to strangers.” As a result, I dont talk to unknown people at work except __2__(take) orders. One night, an old man, probably in his __3__ (eighty), came in. I took his order and went on my way. I noticed that he came in week after week. __4__(slow), we began having short conversations together. I learned that he and his wife had gone to dinner and __5__movies every Saturday. After his wife died, he __6__(carry) on the tradition alone. Eventually, we talked about his wife, his days, his son and my dreams __7__ well. Since I got to know him, I __8__(learn) that strangers can bee friends and that life can be more __9__(enjoy) if I make friendly conversations. After all, I became more than just his waitress __10__ I became his friend, too. 1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________ 6.________7.________8.________9.________ 10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者很少和陌生人交流，但是在做兼職服務(wù)員時卻和一位陌生的老人互相了解，成了朋友。作者從中領(lǐng)悟到，陌生人也可以成為朋友。如果我們友好地交流，生活就會變得更美好。 1．As/When考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，故填A(yù)s/When。 2．taking 考查非謂語動詞。句意：因此，除了點菜，我工作中從不跟不認(rèn)識的人說話。邏輯主語I與動詞take之間為主動關(guān)系，且except是介詞，故填take的現(xiàn)在分詞形式taking。 3．eighties 考查固定用法?！癷n ones＋表示‘幾十’的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”意為“某人幾十多歲”。故填eighties。 4．Slowly 考查副詞。修飾整個句子應(yīng)用副詞形式。形容詞slow的副詞形式是slowly，意為“緩慢地；逐漸地”。 5．the 考查冠詞。go to the movies為常用表達(dá)，意為“去看電影”。 6．carried 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：他的妻子死后，他一個人繼續(xù)堅持著這個慣例。根據(jù)上下文可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填動詞carry的過去式carried。 7．a(chǎn)s 考查固定短語。此處表述也談到了“我”的夢想。as well “也”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處填as。 8．have learned/learnt 考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)提示詞Since可知，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填have learned/learnt。 9．enjoyable 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表述“如果……生活會更快樂”。be動詞后用形容詞作表語。故填動詞enjoy的形容詞形式enjoyable，意為“有趣的；愉快的”。 10．a(chǎn)nd 考查連詞。句意：畢竟，我不僅僅是他的服務(wù)生，還成了他的朋友。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處是并列關(guān)系，故填and。 Ⅳ.書面表達(dá) 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對中國歷史很感興趣，并請你介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物。請你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括： 1.該人物是誰； 2.該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)； 3.該人物對你的影響。 注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50； 2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Jim， ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文] Dear_Jim， Its great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspires me to pursue a major in English in college, and to be a bridge between China and the world. Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know. Cheers! Yours， Li_Hua