2019年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 提分單元加餐練 第四輯 Unit 3 A taste of English humour 新人教版必修4.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 提分單元加餐練 第四輯 Unit 3 A taste of English humour 新人教版必修4 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A cultures values can be mirrored by its humor. Humor has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes, who disliked humor, “Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from some sudden thought of feeling far better than others.” He thought humor to be a negative quality of human narrowmindedness. However, Mordechai Gordon, PhD of Education, insists, “Humor allows us to view the world from an angle that is amusing rather than serious.” I agree with Gordon. Learning to look at the world through humor is important. In the United States, every four years an election occurs. Without humor as a way to express their feelings, how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming? Television shows like “The Daily Show” have bee important parts of American culture. They are mothering the masses by metaphorically (隱喻地) airplaneing politics into our mouths. They make politics fun. Of course, politics is only one type of humor. Social humor helps people through the twists and turns of the human condition. American pop culture promotes an unhealthy selfimage. On the topic of selfimage, Hari Kondabolu stands out. He has a joke about the popular musical group “The Pussycat Dolls”， describing their hit song “Dont Cha” as a negative representation of women. He points out an obvious offence in American culture. A study from Loyola University of Maryland has shown that humor is one determining factor for selecting a mating partner. Amongst other things, mates look for an outstanding funny bone in a potential partner. Of course, humor is not always used for good purposes. Humor can be linked to vulgarity (庸俗) and racism, but, like everything else, it has potential to unite human beings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves, our failures and our connection with one another. Though life may seem tough and depressing at times, all I have to do is look in the mirror at my increased wrinkles (皺紋) to know that there is a edy out there that even Chaplin wasnt aware of. With that in mind, remember to laugh with humanity and sometimes at humanity. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。本文作者通過論證認(rèn)為，一種文化的價(jià)值觀可以通過其幽默反映出來，并決定用幽默的態(tài)度來面對(duì)生活。 1．Hobbes believed that humor ________ . A．was only a way to laugh at others to make oneself feel better B．resulted in narrowmindedness of human beings C．had the power to mirror personal glory and national values D．was for people to view the world from another angle 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，Thomas Hobbes不喜歡幽默，并從他的話“Laughter is nothing else but ... thought of feeling far better than others.”可知，他認(rèn)為幽默僅僅是嘲笑別人并讓自己感覺更好的一種方法而已。應(yīng)選A。 2．What is the authors attitude towards political humor? A．Worried. B．Disappointed. C．Curious. D．Appreciative. 答案：D　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Without humor as a way to express their feelings, how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming？”及“They make politics fun.”可知，作者對(duì)于政治幽默持贊賞的態(tài)度。appreciative “欣賞的，賞識(shí)的”。 3．The fourth paragraph is developed mainly ________ . A．by example B．by process C．by parison D．by classification 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的第四句及下文中的解釋可知，作者是通過舉例子來支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)的。故選A。 4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Chaplin wasnt aware of being laughed at. B．The author feels helpless and sad about getting older. C．Never be the one who laughs at other people. D．The author is determined to face life with a sense of humor. 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“to know that there is a edy out there”和最后一段中的“remember to laugh with humanity”可知，作者積極肯定幽默的價(jià)值，決定以幽默的態(tài)度來面對(duì)生活。故選D。 B Whether youre eating at a fancy restaurant or dining in someones home, proper table manners are likely to help you make a good impression. According to a US expert, Emily Post, “All rules of table manners are made to avoid ugliness.” While Henry Hitchings of the Los Angeles Times admits that good manners can reduce social conflicts, he points out that mostly their purpose is protective—they turn our natural warriorlike selves into more elegant ones. So where did table manners e from? In medieval England, a writer named Petrus Alfonsi took the lead to urge people not to speak with their mouths full. And King David Ⅰ of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (扣除)． Disappointingly, that idea never caught_on. It was during the Renaissance, when there were real technical developments, that opinions of correct behavior changed for good. “None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork，” wrote Hitchings. “Gradually, as forks became popular, they brought the new way of eating, making it possible, for instance, to consume berries without making ones fingers dirty.” Forks were introduced to Britain in 1608 and 25 years later, the first table fork reached America. Yet while most of the essentials are the same on both sides of the Atlantic, there are a few clear differences between whats normal in the US and what holds true in the UK. For example, in the US, when food needs cutting with a knife, people generally cut a bite, then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand. Then they pick up one bite at a time. By contrast, Britons keep the fork in the left hand and dont lay the knife down. Though globalization has developed a new and simple international standard of table manners, some people still stick with the American cutandswitch method. The Los Angeles Times noted, “They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.” 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。全文介紹了餐桌禮儀在西方國家的發(fā)展與形成過程。 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of proper table manners. B．The development of table manners in Western countries. C．Some unwritten rules of table manners in the US and UK. D．Differences between American and British table manners. 答案：B　主旨大意題。從中世紀(jì)英國(In medieval England)談到文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期(during the Renaissance)，再到1608年以及25年后(in 1608 and 25 years later)，作者講述了餐桌禮儀在西方國家的發(fā)展與形成過程。故選B。 6．The underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means “________ ”． A．worked in practice B．became popular C．drew attention D．had a positive effect 答案：B　詞義猜測題。上一段最后一句談到了利用減稅的政策來鼓勵(lì)人們注意餐桌禮儀，再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句子中的“Disappointingly”一詞可知，這一政策并沒有產(chǎn)生理想的效果，也就是說這一政策并沒有流行起來。故選B。 7．Which of the following events influenced peoples table manners most according to the passage? A．The introduction of the table fork. B．The tax deduction policy. C．The rise of the Renaissance. D．Petrus Alfonsis efforts in promoting table manners. 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork ... they brought the new way of eating, ...”可知，對(duì)人們餐桌禮儀影響最大的就是餐叉的引進(jìn)及使用。故選A。 8．What can we conclude from the passage? A．British and American table manners are pletely different from each other. B．American people pay more attention to their table manners than British people do. C．With globalization, the American cutandswitch method has been abandoned in the US. D．British peoples way of using a knife and fork may be more efficient than American peoples. 答案：D　推理判斷題。結(jié)合最后一段第一句，尤其是本段中洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)中的評(píng)論“They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”可推斷出，在餐桌禮儀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國際化的背景下，很多美國人仍保留左右手交換刀叉的傳統(tǒng)餐桌禮儀，寧可犧牲效率，也要注重優(yōu)雅的禮儀，再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段對(duì)英美兩國餐桌禮儀的比較可知，英國人使用餐叉的方式更有效率。故選D。 Ⅱ.七選五 Different cultures The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot.__1__ The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India.__2__ When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.__3__Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesnt distinguish from the European culture a lot. __4__Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference count as well. But whats more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom municate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干預(yù)) from the other. The differences are everywhere.__5__But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful.The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther. A．Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures. B．One important thing is to learn about other cultures. C．And these two are wellknown as the base of the European culture. D．At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. E．This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole. F．They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles. G．They are obvious and affect peoples ways of thinking and their views of the world. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了東西方文化的起源及差異。差異無處不在，但正是因?yàn)檫@些文化的不同才使得21世紀(jì)的世界更加豐富多彩。并且，文化差異不應(yīng)該是人類文明發(fā)展的障礙。 1．E　空格前提到，東西方文化有很大不同。設(shè)空處應(yīng)講到引起文化差異的原因——由兩個(gè)完全不同的體系造成的。設(shè)空處在段中起承上啟下的作用。故E項(xiàng)符合語境。 2．F　本段介紹了東方文化主要起源于中國和印度。這兩個(gè)國家分別在黃河流域和印度河流域形成了各自獨(dú)特的文化。F項(xiàng)中的“They”指代前文中的the Yellow River和the Hindu River。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．C　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，古希臘和古羅馬文化是歐洲文明的起源。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．D　本段主要列舉了東西方文化差異的其他方面，如語言文字、種族等。設(shè)空處起承上啟下作用：既是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充，又是本段的中心句，概括本段內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。 5．G　設(shè)空處后面是由But引起的轉(zhuǎn)折，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是表示讓步或?yàn)橄挛淖麂亯|的內(nèi)容。又根據(jù)后面提到的文化差異不應(yīng)成為障礙可以推知，G項(xiàng)符合語境，表明無處不在的文化差異對(duì)人們造成的影響。G項(xiàng)句意：差異是顯而易見的，文化差異會(huì)影響人們的思維方式和世界觀。 Ⅲ.語法填空 Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement, like on the royal tour of Canada, or poses for __1__ (office) photographs, he only ever wears shorts, __2__ has long confused royal watchers. According to William Hanson, __3__ expert in ceremony, theres a very good reason for this—and it has nothing to do __4__ fashion, but rather a royal tradition that __5__ (date) back to the sixteenth century. A newborn baby would __6__ (dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breeched (穿褲禮)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts. The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old. With times __7__ (change), middleclass boys began to wear trousers but they are considered suburban (呆板的) by the upper. Hanson explains, “__8__ is a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts.” The British upper class are always keen to hold on to the tradition, and this also __9__ (silent) marks them out from “the rest”. However, as for William and Kate, the __10__ (decide) to dress George in shorts is more likely down to the tradition than a class issue. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。George王子出訪時(shí)總喜歡穿短褲，這其實(shí)與英國皇室傳統(tǒng)有關(guān)。本文介紹了這一傳統(tǒng)的淵源和人們的評(píng)價(jià)。 1．official　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幩钤~修飾名詞photographs，故用形容詞形式。 2．which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的整句話，且在從句中作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。 3．a(chǎn)n　考查冠詞。此處泛指“一個(gè)專家”，expert的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。 4．with　考查固定搭配。have nothing to do with “和……無關(guān)”。 5．dates　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。that代指a royal tradition，在從句中作主語，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；該從句陳述的是一般事實(shí)，且date back to不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填dates。 6．be dressed　考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。be dressed in ...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“穿著……(衣服)”。 7．changing　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為with的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，times和動(dòng)詞change之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 8．It　考查代詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語。 9．silently　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幩钤~修飾動(dòng)詞marks，故用副詞形式。 10．decision　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)定冠詞the可知，空處所填詞用名詞形式。 Ⅳ.書面表達(dá) 在英語課堂上，你喜歡老師授課時(shí)只用英語，還是英語、漢語兼用？某英語雜志社就此話題邀請(qǐng)中學(xué)生發(fā)表意見。請(qǐng)你圍繞這個(gè)話題，參考所給要點(diǎn)，選擇一種授課形式，寫一篇英語短文。 授課形式一：只用英語 優(yōu)點(diǎn)：有助于提高聽說能力 缺點(diǎn)：不易聽懂等 結(jié)論：…… 授課形式二：英語、漢語兼用 優(yōu)點(diǎn)：易于理解等 缺點(diǎn)：英語氛圍不濃等 結(jié)論：…… 注意：詞數(shù)100～120，短文開頭已給出(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。 參考詞匯：氣氛atmosphere I prefer my English classes to be taught in _____________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文] I_prefer_my_English_classes_to_be_taught_in English only. As we all know, a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. Classes taught in English provide students with such an environment. When English is the only language used in the classroom, students will have more opportunities to practice listening and speaking. Therefore, they will be able to learn more quickly. However, there are also some problems with this teaching method. As we havent mastered enough English words,sometimes we may find it difficult to follow the teacher. Slow learners may even lose interest in English. Practice makes perfect. To learn English well requires a lot of practice. Therefore, I like my English classes to be taught pletely in English.