初中英語全程知識點總結(jié)WORD

.初一年級（上）【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語 II. 重要句型1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shopping1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its time for 6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. What time is it? Its.III. 交際用語 IV. 重要語法1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Whos on duty today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.1. 動詞 be 的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1. in/on在表示空間位置時，in 表示在某個空間的范圍以內(nèi)， on 表示在某一個物體的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those(1)this 常常用來指在時間、地點上更接近講話人的人和事，these 是 this 的復數(shù)形式。that 常常用來指在時間、地點上離講話人更遠一點的人和事，those 時 that 的復數(shù)形式。例如：You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看這個盒子，我去看那邊的那個盒子。.I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Take these books to his room, please. 請把這些書拿到他房間去。This is mine; thats yours. 這個是我的，那個是你的。These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。(2)在打電話的用語中，this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是對方。例如：This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰？3. There be/ haveThere be "有"，其確切含意為" 某處或某時存在某人或某物。" 其結(jié)構是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點或時間的狀語。There be 后面的名詞實際上是主語，be 動詞的形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致，be 動詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時用 is，名詞是復數(shù)時用 are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個盒子里有個娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊琓here be 結(jié)構強調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的 "有"。have 表示" 擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞，與主語是所屬關系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個兄弟，一個姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧” ，著重指認真看，強調(diào)看的動作，表示有意識地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們在玩電腦游戲。Look! Whats that over there? 看！那邊那個是什么？單獨使用是不及物動詞，如強調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞 at，才能帶賓語，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see 強調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是 look 這個動作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see 是及物動詞，后面能直接跟賓語。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視 ”，側(cè)重于場面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務的活動，強調(diào)過程，常用于“ 看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on 意為“穿上，戴上 ”。主要指“穿上”這一動作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“ 穿著” 強調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標語和狀語。如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色襯衣的那個婦女是 John 的媽媽。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子 ”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一個人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方 ; Family: “家庭“ ，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請到我家來。He is not at home. 他不在家。.My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好 "之意，但前三者既可作表語又可作定語，而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于：(1) fine 指物時表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細" ，形容人時表示的是"身體健康" ，也 可以用來指"天氣晴朗 "。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。That's a fine machine. 那是一臺很好的機器。It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時候。(2)nice 主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有"美好" ，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。It's very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good 形容人時指"品德好"，形容物時指"質(zhì)量好" ，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個好學生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well 只可用來形容人的"身體好" ，但不能作定語，它也能用作副詞作狀語，多放在所修飾的動詞之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。【考點掃描】中考考點在本單元主要集中在：1. 動詞 be 的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法。6. 本單元學過的詞匯、短語和句型；7. 本單元學過的日常交際用語。考試形式可以是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子?！局锌挤独?. (2004 年北京市中考試題)Mary, please show _ your picture.A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動詞 show 后面跟雙賓語，空白處應填入人稱代詞的賓格 me 作賓語。2. (2004 年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題 )_ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.A. A B.An C. / D. The.【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因為是特指課桌上的那個橘子，所以用定冠詞 the。3. (2004 年哈爾濱市中考試題 )-What _ the number of the girls in your class?-About twenty.A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動詞 be 的用法和主謂一致。 the number 作主語，應該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動詞 be 變?yōu)?is。4. (2004 年陜西省中考試題)There _ a football match on TV this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是 There be句型和動詞 have 用法區(qū)別。There be 句型本身就表示“在某個地方存在某個人或物”，不能和動詞 have 混在一起用。初一年級（下）【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語 III. 交際用語1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do ones homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. notat all23. putaway24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm1. Thanks very much!You're welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. What's wrong?4. I think so.I don't think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. What's your favourite sport?10. Don't worry.11.Im (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. That's right./ Thats all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please?-Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. What's your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.30. in a factor 23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. II. 重要句型 IV. 重要語法1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow?1.人稱代詞的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 現(xiàn)在進行時的構成和用法；4動詞 have 的用法；5一般現(xiàn)在時構成和用法；6可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構成和用法【名師講解】1. That's right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right 意為“對的” ，表示贊同對方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對方的答案或判斷。例如："I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應該幫助這位老人。""That's right."或 "You're right.""說得對"。Thats all right.意為“不用謝”、“ 沒關系”，用來回答對方的致謝或道歉。例如："Many thanks." "That's all right.""Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."All right.意為“行了”、“ 可以” ，表示同意對方的建議或要求。有時還可以表示“身體很好”"Please tell me about it." "請把此事告訴我。 ""All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做” ，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make 指做東西或制造東西，do 指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個紙船嗎？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語化的最普通的一個詞，意為“說出”、“ 說道 ”，著重所說的話。如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去。”Please say it in English .請用英語說。speak : “說話” ，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說話。speak 作及物動詞解時，只能和某種語言等連用，表達在對話中恰當使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語說得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說話的動作，而不著重所說的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動詞， 不過，talk 暗示話是對某人說的，有較強的對話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。.tell : “告訴”，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語。如：Hes telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯” 解，屬泛指。 do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking 為動名詞，不能用作復數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much 修飾。從 do some cooking 可引出許多類似的短語：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚從以上短語可引申出另一類短語，不能用 some, much 或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 與 like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動作的習慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來表示一次性和偶然性的動作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother 表其余的，別的，Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?others 別的人，別的東西In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國人,其他的是法國人。the other 表另一個（二者之中） one，the otherOne of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個哥哥中的一個學習英文,另一個學中文。another 表三者以上的另一個，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點書。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹上" 但英語中有區(qū)別。 in the tree 表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西）落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。8. some/ any (1)some 和 any 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點需要 注意。some 常用于肯定句中，any 常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：.There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復的一般疑問句中，或在表示請求，邀請的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)說人，動物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用 tall，不用 high，例如 a tall woman 一個高個子婦女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個高大的馬 (2)說一個不與地面接觸的人和物的高時，要用 high，而不用 tall，比如人站在桌子上時，飛機飛上天時，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機在空中這么高。 (3)指建筑物、山時要 tall 或 high 都可以，不過 high 的程度比 tall 高。 (4)high 可作副詞， tall 不能。 (5)tall 的反義詞為 short, high 的反義詞為 low.10. can/ could(1) can 表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動作的" 能力"。例如：Can you ride a bike？ 你會騎自行車嗎？What can I do for you？ 要幫忙嗎？Can you make a cake？你會做蛋糕嗎？(2) can 用在否定句和疑問句中時有時表示說話人的" 懷疑"" 猜測" 或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他會在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個消息會是真的嗎？It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點鐘了吧？You can't be hungry so soon， Tom，you've just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過午飯。What can he mean？他會是什么意思？在日常會話中，can 可代替 may 表示"允許"，may 比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時都可以來。- Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？- Of course，you can.當然可以。You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can 的過去式，表示過去有過的能力和可能性（在否定和疑問句中）。例如：The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。.Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）當麗麗四歲的時候她就會游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那時我們以為所說的可能是真的。could 可代替 can 表示現(xiàn)在時間的動作，但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和約翰說話嗎？Could you？在口語中表示請求對方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請你等半個小時好嗎？Could you please ring again at six？六點鐘請你再打電話好嗎？(4) can 的形式只有現(xiàn)在式 can 和過去式 could 兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時態(tài)，有時也能表示將來。所有其他時態(tài)（包括將來時）須用 be able to 加動詞不定式來表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒有能到北京來。11. look for/ findlook for 意為“ 尋找” ，而 find 意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強調(diào)“找”這一動作，并不注重“找” 的結(jié)果，而后者則強調(diào)“找” 的結(jié)果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he cant find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示動作，意思是“ 正在睡覺”；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們在房間里做什么？-They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften 表示"經(jīng)常"，sometimes 表示" 有時候"，在表示發(fā)生頻率上 often 要高于 usually，usually要高于 sometimes。這三個詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，常位于主要謂語動詞的前面，其他謂語動詞（be 動詞，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞）的后面，有時也可位于句尾。如果要加強語氣，則放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時，我睡覺很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。14. How much/ How manyhow much 常用來詢問某一商品的價格，常見句式是 How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢？How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？how much 后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，how many 后加可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at.be good for 表示" 對有好處 "，而 be bad for 表示"對 有害" ；be good to 表示"對友好" ，而 be bad to 表示" 對 不好"；be good at 表示" 擅長，在方面做得好"，而 be bad at表示" 在方面做得不好 "。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對你的眼睛有好處。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對你的身體有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對我們所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.這個老板對他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長畫畫，但是我不擅長。16. each/ everyeach 和 every 都有"每一個" 的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each 從個體著眼，every 從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every 只用于三者或三者以上。We each have a new book.我們每人各有一本新書。There are trees on each side of the street.街的兩旁有樹。He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each 可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every 只能用作形容詞。Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務。They each want to do something different.他們每個人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時/現(xiàn)在進行時一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在進行或發(fā)生的動作（構成方式為 am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。I'm doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在進行時常與 now, these days, at the moment 或 Look, listen 等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays 等連用。We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學后打掃教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他們正在打掃教室呢?！究键c掃描】中考考點在本單元主要集中在：1動詞一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構成和用法。2本冊書中常見的交際用語3本冊書中一些重點的詞組和短語考試形式往往是單項填空、完形填空、短文改錯和短文填空?！局锌挤独?.（2004 年安徽省中考試題）-Hurry up! Were all waiting for you.-I _ for an important phone call. Go without me.A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited【解析】答案：C。表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，用現(xiàn)在進行時。2. (2004 年長春市中考試題)Could you help _ with _ English, please?A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I【解析】答案：C。第一個空作賓語，應用人稱代詞的賓格 me, 第二個空作定語，應用形容詞性物主代詞 my。3.(2004 年長春市中考試題)Dr. White can _ French very well.A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell【解析】答案：A。說什麼語言常用動詞 speak。4.（2004 年黃岡中考試題）English is spoken by _ people.A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of【解析】答案：C。只有 a large number of 能用來修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 people。初二年級（上）【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語 III. 交際用語1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. have some problems doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31. grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. Im sorry Im late, because the traffic is bad. 3.It doesnt matter.4.Happy Teachers Day !5.Thats a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What are we going to do ? 9.Im good at10.Its not far from11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.Im glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.-Lets make it half past one. -OK.24.-Why not come a little earlier? -All right.25.Excuse me. Wheres the nearest post office, please?26.Its over there on the right.27.Im sorry I dont know.28.Youd better29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road.36. half an hour ago37. a moment ago38. just now39. by the way40. all the time41. at first32.What day was it yesterday?33.Im sorry to hear that.34.I hope youre better now.35.Why did you call me?36.I called to tellII. 重要句型 IV. 重要語法1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why dont you?3. Were going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not? 6. Are you going to?7. be friendly to sb.8. Youd better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!1.be going to 的用法；2.形容詞的比較級、最高級；3.形容詞和副詞的比較4.一般過去時【名師講解】1. on the street / in the street表示“在街上”時，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美國多用 on the street, 在英國多用 in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我們在街上有座房子。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇見了他。2. would like / like would like 和 like 含義不同。like 意思是“喜歡”，“愛好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。試比較：I like beer.=Im fond of beer. 我喜歡喝啤酒。Id like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜歡看電影嗎？Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三個或三個以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個人或 物體。 例如：May I have another apple, please? 請在給我一個蘋果好嗎？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another 這件外套我穿太小，請再給我拿一件看看。(2)the other 通常指兩者中的另一個。例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長的。I have two brothers. One works in Xian . The other works in Beijing. 我有兩個兄弟，一個在西安工作，另一個在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to 和 must 都可以用來談論義務，但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺得必須去做而又想去時，常用 must。如果談論某種來自 “外界”的義務，常用 have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙。（自己想戒煙）They have to work for the boss.他們不得不為那個老板工作。（條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ鳎?(2)have to 可用于多種時態(tài)，must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Ill have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長時間地工作。(3)用于否定句時，mustnt 意思是“決不能”，“禁止” ，而 dont have to 意思是“不必”，相當于neednt。例如：You mustnt be late again next time.下一次你決不能再遲到。You dont have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“ 聽到某人或某物在做某事”，而 hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“聽到某人或某物做過某事” 。試比較：I hear him singing an English song.聽見他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我聽見他唱一首英文歌。類似 hear 這種用法的還有 see, watch, listen, feel 等感官動詞。6. any /someany 和 some 都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式連用，但 some 一般用在肯定句中；any 用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較：I want some money. 我想要點錢。Have you any money? 你有錢嗎？I dont have any money. 我一點錢也沒有。some 有時也用于疑問句，表示說話人期待一個肯定回答或鼓勵人家說“是”。例如：Would you like some more beer?請你再來點啤酒好嗎？Could I have some rice, please?請給我來點米飯好嗎？7. hear /listen tolisten to 和 hear 都有“ 聽” 的意思，但含義有所不同。Listen to 強調(diào)“聽”的動作，hear 強調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果。例如：Listen to me ,please! Im going to tell you a story. 請聽我說！我給你們講個故事。Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 聽！你能聽見有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎？I listened, but heard nothing.我聽了聽，但什么也聽不見。hear 后面如果接賓語從句，常常表示“聽說” 。例如：I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我聽說一些外國學生將要訪問我們學校。I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我聽說今晚我們學校要演一場電影。 8. Lets /Let usLets 和 Let us 都表示“讓我們”, 如果 us 包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義相同，附帶問句用 shall we. 如果 us 不包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義不同，Let us的附帶問句要用 will you。例如：Lets go shopping, shall we? 我們?nèi)ベ徫锖脝幔?. take/ bring/ carry /get這四個動詞都有“拿” 和“ 帶”的意思，但含義有所不同。take 意為“帶走”，“拿走”，bring 意為“帶來”，“拿來 ”, get 表示“ 到別的地方把某人或某物帶來或拿來”，carry 不強調(diào)方向，帶有負重的意思。試比較：My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常帶我到那里去度假。Im going to take you to Beijing.我準備帶你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.請給我端杯茶來。Ill bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本書給你帶來。The waiter carried the me to the table 服務員把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那個包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.讓我去請醫(yī)生吧。 .10. far away /faraway(1)far away 是一個副詞短語，意思是“ 很遠”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些離得很遠，有些離得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那個村子離這兒很遠。(2)faraway 是一個形容詞，意思是“遙遠的” ，可以在句中作定語。例如：He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一個遙遠的小山村。11. find / look forfind 和 look for 都有“找”的意思，但含義不同。find 強調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果，而 look for 強調(diào)“找” 的過程。請看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行車。Im looking for my watch, but cant find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你盡快找到丟失的戒指。另外，find 還有“ 發(fā)現(xiàn)” ；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在課桌里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個錢包。I find this book very interesting.我覺得這本書很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范圍內(nèi)。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范圍內(nèi)。試比較：My seat is in front of Marys.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司機坐在小車的前部?！究键c掃描】1. be going to 的用法；2. 形容詞的比較級、最高級；3. 形容詞和副詞的比較4. 一般過去時5. 本單元學過的詞匯、短語和句型；6. 本單元學過的日常交際用語?！局锌挤独?. (2004 年煙臺市中考試題)In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll ma