帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)【含8張CAD圖帶開題報(bào)告-獨(dú)家】.zip
帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)【含8張CAD圖帶開題報(bào)告-獨(dú)家】.zip,含8張CAD圖帶開題報(bào)告-獨(dú)家,倒車,離合器,減速,齒輪箱,設(shè)計(jì),CAD,開題,報(bào)告,獨(dú)家
開題報(bào)告
課題名稱
帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)
課題類型
B
指導(dǎo)教師
學(xué)生姓名
學(xué) 號(hào)
專業(yè)班級(jí)
本課題的研究現(xiàn)狀、研究目的及意義
研究現(xiàn)狀：
齒輪箱行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀：近些年來，隨著西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家齒輪箱緊固件生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移產(chǎn)能也相對(duì)減少，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)中國(guó)齒輪箱緊固件產(chǎn)品的需求量有增無減，依賴性也在逐步增強(qiáng)。因此，盡管今后針對(duì)中國(guó)齒輪箱緊固件產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易摩擦不會(huì)減少，但在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，中國(guó)齒輪箱緊固件產(chǎn)品的出口還將繼續(xù)發(fā)展，畢竟現(xiàn)階段中國(guó)向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)提供的齒輪箱緊固件產(chǎn)品還難以找到完全的替代來源。由此可見，上海擺線減速機(jī)廠成為齒輪箱緊固件產(chǎn)品出口大廠，完全是在全球一體化背景下世界產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整和分工的必然結(jié)果，是一個(gè)難以逆轉(zhuǎn)的長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)。
據(jù)中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)研網(wǎng)發(fā)布的2018-2025年中國(guó)齒輪箱行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀分析與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)研究報(bào)告顯示，齒輪箱市場(chǎng)均較為分散，市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)先企業(yè)也只有5-6%的市場(chǎng)份額。眼前海內(nèi)工業(yè)齒輪行業(yè)中有30%需要依靠入口，并且緊要是高端產(chǎn)物。因此有自主創(chuàng)新本領(lǐng)的企業(yè)將能在入口替代范疇有更好的發(fā)展。隨著中國(guó)齒輪箱緊固件的出口量的急劇增多，其出口阻力也在增大。為此，針對(duì)中國(guó)齒輪箱緊固件產(chǎn)品出口貿(mào)易形勢(shì)和新變化，需要建立全國(guó)齒輪箱緊固件產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，掌握情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，并提出可操作性建議，為相關(guān)部門的科學(xué)決策提供依據(jù)
離合器行業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r：傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)一般由離合器、變速器、萬向傳動(dòng)裝置、主減速器、差速器和半軸等組成，其基本功用是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的動(dòng)力傳給車輛或機(jī)械的驅(qū)動(dòng)輪，產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)力，使車輛或機(jī)械能在一定速度上運(yùn)行。
離合器是把汽車或其他動(dòng)力機(jī)械的引擎動(dòng)力以開關(guān)的方式傳遞至車軸上的裝置,起到傳遞和分離發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力的作用。此外，離合器還能起到保護(hù)作用，當(dāng)車輛突然遇到較大沖擊時(shí)，能在車輛緊急制動(dòng)起到分離作用，防止變速器等傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)過載，從而起到一定的保護(hù)作用。
離合器應(yīng)用廣泛，在汽車、摩托車、工程車輛、農(nóng)機(jī)以及其他類車輛上均會(huì)使用到離合器。離合器按照摩擦材料可分為紙基離合器、橡膠基離合器、粉末冶金離合器、碳基離合器。在工程車輛領(lǐng)域，主要使用粉末冶金基摩擦材料，適合在低速、大扭矩工況條件下使用。在一級(jí)方程式賽車和飛機(jī)領(lǐng)域，主要使用碳基摩擦材料，性能優(yōu)異，但制造周期長(zhǎng)，成本昂貴。
研究目的及意義：
目前國(guó)內(nèi)大部分帶離合器的齒輪箱都是在汽車、摩托車、工程車輛、農(nóng)機(jī)以及其他類車輛上均會(huì)使用到，還有一些船舶等會(huì)使用。帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)可以運(yùn)用在一些小型機(jī)械上。目前國(guó)內(nèi)大部分的都是齒輪箱與離合器分開的便于需要選用，但對(duì)于只需要實(shí)用但不了解的人來說不好選購，而對(duì)于小型設(shè)備的帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱市面上比較少，因此帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于不了解的人而言選購就簡(jiǎn)單得多。
課題類型：課題類型： A-理論探究型 B-實(shí)踐應(yīng)用型
本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容
要求：
1、了解齒輪箱的作用及發(fā)展過程；
2、掌握所設(shè)計(jì)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)，控制及工作原理；
3、在輕載條件下，有正、倒車功能，操作(離合及正、倒車) 有本地及遙控功能，齒輪箱有一定的安全保護(hù)功能。
具體內(nèi)容：
第一章：緒論。簡(jiǎn)要介紹了帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱行業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，國(guó)內(nèi)外目前的該類產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并簡(jiǎn)要概述本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的研究?jī)?nèi)容。
第二章：帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的總體方案設(shè)計(jì)。說明帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)要求、性能指標(biāo)和總體方案設(shè)計(jì)。
第三章：機(jī)械系統(tǒng)詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。概述本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱各部分的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
第四章：有正、倒車功能，操作(離合及正、倒車) 有本地及遙控功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。說明各運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。
第五章：總結(jié)和展望?？偨Y(jié)課題設(shè)計(jì)，指出設(shè)計(jì)中的一些問題，提出改善的意見。
本課題研究的實(shí)施方案、進(jìn)度安排
實(shí)施方案：研究主要采用查閱資料、自主設(shè)計(jì)，搜集帶順倒車離合器的減速齒輪箱的相關(guān)資料，并對(duì)現(xiàn)有的資料進(jìn)行整理研究，查找相關(guān)視頻進(jìn)而分析并弄清原理，了解自己完成本次課題存在的困難，學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)具備的知識(shí)，使自己能夠順利的完成本課題研究。
進(jìn)度
1、1—5 周，主要進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)備工作，熟悉題目，收集資料，進(jìn)行畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)，明確研究目的和任務(wù)，構(gòu)思總體方案，撰寫開題報(bào)告；
2、6—11周，設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，繪圖；
3、12—15周，編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文，準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯。
已查閱的主要參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 王望予.汽車設(shè)計(jì)[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004年
[2] 魏兵,喻全余,孫未.機(jī)械原理[M].華中科技大學(xué)出版社，2015年
[3] 王為，汪建曉.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)[M].華中科技大學(xué)出版社，2016年
[4] 唐增寶，常建娥.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)[M].華中科技大學(xué)出版社，2016年
[5] 周金枝，姜久紅.材料力學(xué)[M].武漢理工大學(xué)出版社，2013年
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
目 錄
1 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 1
1.1Development status of gear industry and decelerator 1
1.2齒輪行業(yè)及減速箱發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 11
2 專業(yè)閱讀書目 17
2.1 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) 17
2.2 機(jī)械原理 17
2.3 聯(lián)軸器、離合器設(shè)計(jì)與選用指南 18
2.4 現(xiàn)代工程制圖 18
2.5 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 減速箱和變速箱 19
2.6 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì) 20
2.7 互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) 20
2.8 理論力學(xué) 21
2.9 材料力學(xué) 21
2.10 機(jī)械零部件選用與設(shè)計(jì) 22
1 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯
1.1Development status of gear industry and decelerator
The gear is the main foundation to restrict the domestic machinery manufacturing industry. There are more than 200 Chinese bone gearing factories (including two major categories of vehicle gear and industrial gear), with an annual output value of about 25 billion yuan. In twenty-first Century, the machinery industry will remain an indispensable pillar of the national economy. Experts predict that by 2020, China's machinery and transportation industry will catch up with or surpass some developed countries. Therefore, gear operation is necessary to formulate the strategy for twenty-first Century, so as to adapt to the competition of the global knowledge economy.
According to the market research center of Yu Bo think industry, with the rapid development of domestic economy in recent years, the export volume of heavy machinery industry is increasing. As an important basic industry, the development of the reducer industry is very rapid. The reducer company is expanding its production and marketing scale, improving its processing capability and technology level continuously. The future market of reducer industry will be a great prospect.
From the beginning of our country's gear reducer from the beginning of China's development to today, in fact, the effect is not very significant, the mode of production and manufacture has not changed. Compared with this model, many foreign gear reducer enterprises rely on the advantages of technology, management, capital and other advantages to obtain unique market share, and step by step. The market for speed reducer in China. China's reducer industry is facing a serious market crisis in the face of the strong ma
rket crisis of foreign products in China's Reducer Market. This crisis is also greatly stimulated by domestic speed reducer enterprises. Foreign products compete to defend the domestic reducer Market.
According to the preliminary statistics, the industries with large amount of speed reducer are: power machinery, metallurgical machinery, environmental protection machinery, electronic appliances, road building machinery, chemical machinery, food machinery, light industry machinery, mining machinery, transportation machinery, construction machinery, building materials machinery, cement machinery, rubber machinery, water machinery, and petroleum machines. Machinery and so on, the number of reducer products used in these industries has accounted for 60p. of the total number of reducer in various industries across the country.
The status of the reducer at home and abroad
Abroad in the design and production of advanced reducer has been very mature, some well-known manufacturers have more than one hundred years of experience in the production of reducer, market share is very considerable. For example, SIEMENS's FLENDER reducer is currently the largest reducer supplier in the industry, and has high attainments in product structure design and manufacture. Foreign reducer is widely used in many industries, such as electric power, food, construction, mining, water conservancy and so on. Its manufacturing standard is higher than that of domestic. The standard of hard tooth reducer in our country also comes from the production standard of SIEMENS company. The development history of domestic reducer also has nearly 40 years, the number of manufacturers and various forms. At present, the standard series of various kinds of universal decelerator in China have reached hundreds, which can basically meet the needs of the general reducer in various industries. However, compared with foreign countries, there is still a big gap in the level of the reducer, and the problem with the foreign and foreign decelerator industry is that the development ability of the new product is weak, the technological innovation and the management level are low.
With the rapid development of domestic economy in recent years, the export volume of heavy machinery industry is increasing. As an important basic industry, the development of the reducer industry is very rapid. The reducer company is expanding its production and marketing scale, improving its processing capability and technology level continuously. The future market of reducer industry will be a great prospect.
Heavy machinery market demand is large, while the demand of heavy machinery market is increasing, the industry has also carried out fruitful work in the aspects of product upgrading, two integration and energy saving and emission reduction. In terms of product upgrading, the pace of technological updating of old products has been accelerating for many years. In the joint or independent research and development way, the bridge and gantry crane industry has innovated the old products, and formed the upsurge of product upgrading in the industry. Beijing lifting and Transportation Machinery Research Institute jointly carried out lightweight work of bridge cranes in many enterprises, and has made some progress at present. The industry is actively introducing variable frequency drive technology, remote control and information technology to speed up the upgrading of products to high-end technology. The main hoisting device developed by the industry in the gearless box gearbox of the industry began to test the water in the market.
Demand for heavy machinery and spare parts will increase in the international market. With the gradual recovery of the European and American countries' economy, the reestablishment of the status of the real economy in the national economy and the basic construction demand of the developing countries, the heavy machinery products will have more space for development in the international market.
Development trend of gear reducer in heavy machinery
With the attention of the state to the machinery manufacturing industry, the acceleration of the process of the localization of major equipment, the construction of the urban renovation and the construction of the stadiums and other projects, the market prospect of the reducer is promising, and the whole industry will still maintain the rapid development trend, especially the growth of the gear reducer, which is most matched with the imported equipment. Gear reducer is related to gear reducer
From the status observation and investment prospect analysis of the gear reducer industry in China, it is understood that the reducer is a kind of power transfer mechanism, which is used to reduce the speed and increase the torque. It has a wide variety of models, different types and different uses. The products designed for the heavy machinery decelerator include all kinds of gear reducer, planetary gear reducer, worm gear reducer and cycloid pin reducer, and also include various special transmission devices.
Development trend of reducer
(1) high level and high performance. The cylindrical gears are generally carburized, Quenched and grind. The bearing capacity is increased by more than 4 times, small volume, light weight, low noise, high efficiency and high reliability.
(2) Building block design. The basic parameters are the priority number, the size and the specification are neat, the parts generality and interchangeability are strong, the series is easy to expand and refurbished, which helps to organize mass production and reduce the cost.
(3) The type is diversified and the variant design is more. Out of the traditional single base installation method, adding the hollow shaft suspension, floating support base, motor and reducer integral connection, multi azimuth installation surface and other different types, expand the scope of use.
At present, more and more driving equipment in engineering has been driven by motor. Because the high torque of the motor is low, the actuator can not be driven directly. This must use the reducer to transmit power. The gear reducer commonly used in engineering is gear reducer. The gear reducer has a long history of application. The rapid development of modern industry also puts forward higher requirements for the reducer, which is mainly manifested in higher power capacity, shorter R & D cycle, large torque range, variety of design forms, high life and reliability. Sex and so on.
The gear industry is the foundation of the machinery industry. Compared with the mechanical assembly industry, the gear industry belongs to the industry with the most intensive technology, the most intensive capital and the largest scale. Gear and its gear products are important foundation parts of mechanical equipment. The main transmission parts of most mechanical complete sets of equipment are gear transmission. Therefore, to some extent, the gear industry in China is the basis of China's machinery industry, and the development of the gear industry has a vital role in the Chinese machinery industry. China's gear industry basically consists of three parts, namely industrial gear, vehicle gear and gear equipment. Industrial gear drive manufacturing includes industrial general, special, heavy load gear drive, special gear box for metallurgy, mine, cement, ship and so on. Vehicle gear transmission includes vehicle gear and vehicle speed change assembly, mainly for automobile, construction machinery, agricultural machinery and motorcycles. Gear manufacturing industry includes gear machine tools, cutting tools, measuring tools, experimental equipment, gear lubrication and sealing fields. In this regard, domestic development is still relatively rapid.
During the "12th Five-Year", the gear industry in China faced the opportunity of rejuvenating and intensifying. The market competition at home and abroad was intensifying, and the deep internal contradictions in China inevitably affected the pace of the industry. But the basic force to promote the innovation and development of technological progress of the industry is irreversible. It is expected that the whole industry will achieve stable development with an average annual growth rate of about 30% in the process of transformation and upgrading. Due to the resurgence of trade protectionism, the pressure on the appreciation of RMB and the increasing risk of export exchange rate and the decline in the consumption level of developed countries, the export competition of China's gear products will be aggravated. Therefore, while maintaining some cost advantages, the industry must expand exports by new advantages such as technological progress, quality improvement and product cost performance.
All walks of life are constantly developing, and the gear industry is the same. The performance of the bevel gear is rapidly improved and the quality of the product has been continuously strengthened. But the change of market quotes is also known to the parachute gear enterprises. It wants to develop well in the future market, the product should be innovating, and the enterprise also needs to develop. In the development of many enterprises, many companies in the market are slowly changing from resource driving to innovation driven development. On the basis of innovation and development, the development of product strategy, the change of management system, and the reshaping of business model test the wisdom of every enterprise in the industry, and it is also the problem that many companies need to solve. For the bevel gear industry, we want to continue to develop in the market, whether it is technology or production mode, we must continue to develop. The development of gear industry is more and more vigorous. It is also a very good trend, and is also an inevitable trend of the development of the industry.
From the production of a small product to the production between enterprises, many improvements and setbacks, but still able to survive in modern science and technology machinery, gear reducer also has an extraordinary course. For the former gear reducer, there are more functions in the use of machinery, but only satisfy the mechanical operation needs. And in the domestic market, this product is still very few, and it is necessary to rely on imported gear reducer to meet the demand of consumption. Therefore, the development of gear reducer is more urgent and thirst.
With the explosion of knowledge, the development of science and technology and the improvement of the economic level, the small transmission devices such as gear reducers are being improved step by step. From the original simple to meet the mechanical performance, to the present high level performance, it has a large power, can carry heavy machinery. Moreover, the previous sketchy form is also in the development of science and technology, and is constantly designed to make its appearance more novel and unique. In addition, the gear reducer is also improving the quality of the product, increasing the rotational speed and prolonging its service life to meet the needs of the work. In the domestic market, more and more gear reducer enterprises develop, constantly expand their market, and the state is also committed to self manufacturing, improving the quality of raw materials, improving the quality of staff, and can enrich the demand for gear reducer. Many large enterprises are also producing a large number of products, increasing the supply capacity, so that supply and demand can be balanced.
For gear reducer, what we see is not only its scientific and technological content, but also the existing technology to automatically meet the needs of self, but also can be extended to the outside. This product needs to set up a diversified, standardized target, and make reasonable design and selection in the matching of other auxiliary parts or components. Gear reducer gear conditions should also be updated to reduce the noise generated by the product, but also to choose high-quality raw materials to reduce costs. Fair competition among enterprises should be done to improve the value of products and make more capital to facilitate turnover and achieve win-win results. Reasonable market gear reducer structural changes, demand analysis, can be synchronized with the trend of the times.
In the field of industrial enterprise's capacity expansion and technological transformation, it has developed rapidly in recent years. This aspect is benefited from the strong demand in the market in recent years. On the other hand, it is also driven by the subjective desire of enterprises to expand production scale, improve processing and manufacturing level, and then improve the competitiveness of enterprises. The key processing equipment purchased by the manufacturer in the past two years, such as the large gear grinding machine, boring and milling machine, technical center and heat treatment equipment, has accumulated more than 200 sets. It is expected that the production capacity of the industry is more than doubled, and the development of the technical reform has the objective effect of the scale of the industry and the medium and competitiveness of the industry. There are still many practical problems, such as the number of enterprises, small size and uneven level. With the decline of market demand and the large-scale entry of foreign counterparts in the domestic market, the industry competition will be further intensified. This will also promote the merger, integration and even transformation of industry enterprises.
In the market competition of the product sales machine, the expansion momentum of foreign manufacturers in China has become stronger in recent years. SEW company continues to deploy production and sales bases throughout the country and expand market share. FLEDER company, bond company, Bray Vinnie company and FORK, Sumitomo and other companies have also increased the pace of establishing production bases and sales centers in China, and actively infiltrate into various industries. The advanced management and management ideas of foreign manufacturers, rich market actual combat and development experience and various product series will be domestic The challenges and impacts that manufacturers have to emphasize will be felt by domestic manufacturers in the increasingly fierce competition between domestic and foreign counterparts.
At present, in the aspect of the expansion of domestic transmission products, the main forms of mass export of medium, small power medium and small specifications are still in the main form. The share of the leaders in this aspect is still relatively small, and the quality and extensiability of the products are improved and the international market is actively exploited. It is the domestic enterprises to seek the development of the market machine. An important way out.
Looking at the current situation of the domestic decelerator industry, in order to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry, we should see the existing problems while fully affirming the development and progress of the industry, and actively study the countermeasures and take measures to make progress in a short time. At present, there are some prominent problems in the industry of the same outer speed reducer, which are the weak development ability of the new product, the low level of technological innovation and management, the more extensive management mode of the enterprise, the low and middle grade, the lack of international influence products brand, the industry as a whole, the disorderly situation are still relatively strict. It's heavy. On the basis of this, we should promote the merger and integration among the enterprises with the advantages of the industry, and form some brands with certain market influence as soon as possible, with large scale and strength, strong product R & D and technical support, so that it can maintain a certain advantage in the competition with foreign counterparts and continue to gain a certain advantage. In order to develop.
Now, China has become a big gear manufacturing country. China's gear enterprises have been fully integrated into the world's supporting system. More importantly, China's gear industry has formed the most complete industrial system in the world, which can be said to cover the whole field of gear products. In terms of products, China's gear products have historically realized the transition from low end to middle end, and some high-end products have emerged.
At present, the precision reducer is mainly used in industrial robots, CNC machine tools and automation equipment. In the next few years, China's industrial robot industry will be in a period of rapid development, which provides a broad market prospect for high-precision, high-performance joint reducer. Unfortunately, China's robot precision decelerator has long relied on imports. Fortunately, this situation is about to change. After the industry's "tracking research" and "independent innovation" and the strong support of the government, the industrialization of the multi class robot RV harmonic reducer is being pushed forward, and 1 million capacity will be formed in the next 3 years, which will support the development of China's robot and intelligent equipment industry.
The gear industry has entered the fourth pole development, and independent innovation has become the main theme. The author inspected that the first three growth of China's gear industry was mainly due to introduction, digestion and innovation. And the fourth pole of the development of the gear industry to reshuffle the opportunity to reshuffle, the new leading enterprises will stand out, some of the old companies will lose the opportunity for development, or even out of the market.
1.2齒輪行業(yè)及減速箱發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
齒輪是制約國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)械制作業(yè)展開的主要基礎(chǔ)件，中國(guó)現(xiàn)有骨千齒輪廠200多家（包含車輛齒輪與工業(yè)齒輪兩
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