一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別.doc

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一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1.滿招損,謙受益.Pride hurts, modesty benefits 2.世上唯有貧窮可以不勞而獲.Nothing is to be got without pain but poverty. 3.偉業(yè)非一日之功/冰凍三尺非一日之寒.Rome was not built in a day. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一、 定義與講解 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示經(jīng)常性的事情，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often 經(jīng)常，usually通常，always 總是，every每個(gè)，sometimes 有時(shí)，at …在幾點(diǎn)鐘 只有在第三人稱單數(shù)用動(dòng)詞的“三單變化”，其他用動(dòng)詞的原形。 三單變化： 1.多數(shù)在動(dòng)詞后＋s play — plays like — likes （1）直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s. ask---asks；work---works；get---gets；stay---stays （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-es. watch---watches；wish---wishes；fix---fixes； do---does； go---goes； pass---passes （3）以“輔音字母加 - y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先變y為i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies 情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ 濁輔音和元音后讀/z/ swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes 以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀/z/ goes,does 以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀/iz/ watches,washes 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞 變y 為i再加es 讀/z/ study-studies 不規(guī)則變化have和be動(dòng)詞 變have 為 has變be為am,is,are have-has be-am,is,are 2.不規(guī)則變化： be---- is are have----has 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等連用。 如：I  ___________ at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。 2、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀存在及普遍真理。 如：Summer______（follow） spring. 春天之后是夏天。 The sun ____(rise) in the east. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起。 The earth_____ (move)around the sun . 注意：此種用法即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小學(xué)就學(xué)過(guò)地球是圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)的。 3、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示格言或警句。 如：Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　? 4、 以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來(lái)了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。 5、在下列情況下表示將來(lái)： 1）在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 如：I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看見他就交給他。 He will come if you invite him. 如果你請(qǐng)他,他會(huì)來(lái)的。 Suppose he doesn’t agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么辦? I shall do as I please. 我高興怎么做就怎么做。 He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管發(fā)生什么情況他都要繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作。 批注：可結(jié)合主將從現(xiàn)進(jìn)行講解 2）在the more…the more …(越……越……) 句型中,前者通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，因?yàn)榍罢呦喈?dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 如：The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，成績(jī)就會(huì)越好。 3）在make sure (certain), mind, care, matter后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 如：Make sure that you are not late again. 注意別再遲到了。 4）表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飛機(jī)十一點(diǎn)半起飛，一點(diǎn)二十分抵達(dá)上海。 批注：只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞能這樣用，如 begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open等。 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的定義 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，過(guò)去時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞： （1）yesterday系列： yesterday, yesterday morning ,yesterday afternoon ,yesterday evening, the day before yesterday （2）last系列： last week, last month, last year, last night （3）ago系列： two months ago, three years ago （4）in系列： in 1990, in 2012 特殊：just now ,in the past等等。 e.g： I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week. 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律 1）．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2）．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3）．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4）．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5） ．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)：寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 加“-ed”后的讀音方法 1.ed加在清輔音后面讀/t/。 finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/ 2.ed加在濁輔音或元音結(jié)尾的，讀/d/。 played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/ 3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，讀/id/。 wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/ 批注：對(duì)于不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，可以選擇孩子會(huì)初一或小學(xué)已經(jīng)接觸到的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，不要都講。讀音規(guī)律，對(duì)于掌握好的同學(xué)可以拓展。 2. 句式變化 三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)中應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 1. 判定是一般過(guò)去時(shí)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用過(guò)去式。 課堂測(cè)試 1． I _______（be) at school just now. 2. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 5. He ________ (be) at the camp last week. 批注：根據(jù)孩子的實(shí)際掌握情況，選擇題量。 2. 句式變化中，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)不要忘記還原原形。 課堂練習(xí) 1. Su Hai took some photos on Sports day. 否定句________________________________________________ 一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 一、用所給詞的正確形式填空 1. We often___________(play) on the playgound. 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock. 3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What____ (do) he usually _____(do) after school? 5. Danny _______(study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she ________(watch) TV with his parents. 8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons ______your classmate____(have) on Monday? 10. What time ____his mother_________(do) the housework? 二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday. 三、單選 1Jenny____inanoffice.Herparents____inahospital. Awork;worksBworks;workCwork;areworkingDisworking;work 2Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat. AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas 3Wedidntgoshoppingbecauseit____yesterday. A dontrainB didntrainC rainsD rained 4Thesun____intheeastand____inthewest. Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets 5WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic. Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listen 6Jenny____Englishlastnight. AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied 四、填空 1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe____ (come)tovisit. 2_____yoursister_____(know)English? 3Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch. 4Who____(想要)togoswimming? 5______she __(do)thehouseworkeveryday? 6JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon. 7.I_____h___(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend. 8.________she________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she__didnt_______. 9.What_______Tom__do______(do)onSaturdayevening? He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook. 10.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning. 11.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend. 五、 改錯(cuò)題(20) 　　1.How is Jane yesterday? _____________________[來(lái)源:Z+xx+k.Com] 　　2.He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________ 　　3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________ 　　4.I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________ 　　5.Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________ 六、完形填空 　　Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after school.And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework. 　　Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right.He was very 4 and surprised(驚奇).The next morning before class，he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this time.Did your father help you?”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework， 7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home. So Tom answered，“NO，Sir.He Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 .” ( )1.A.others B. another C. the other D. other ( )2.A.made B. found C. looked at D. looked[來(lái)源:學(xué)#科#網(wǎng)Z#X#X#K] ( )3.A.laughed B. knocked C. looked D .saw ( )4.A.please B. pleased C. pleasure D.sad ( )5.A.to B. for C. in D. at ( )6.A.talked B. asked C. spoke D. said ( )7.A.and B. but C. so D. or ( )8.A.isn’t B.won’t be C. wasn’t D. can’t be ( )9.A.wanted B. mustn’t C. liked D. had ( )10.A.itself B. of them C. myself D. himself