一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的區(qū)別.doc

一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時1.滿招損,謙受益.Pride hurts, modesty benefits2.世上唯有貧窮可以不勞而獲.Nothing is to be got without pain but poverty.3.偉業(yè)非一日之功/冰凍三尺非一日之寒.Rome was not built in a day.一般現(xiàn)在時一、 定義與講解一般現(xiàn)在時：表示經(jīng)常性的事情，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實(shí)。時間狀語：often 經(jīng)常，usually通常，always 總是，every每個，sometimes 有時，at 在幾點(diǎn)鐘只有在第三人稱單數(shù)用動詞的“三單變化”，其他用動詞的原形。三單變化：1.多數(shù)在動詞后s play plays like likes（1）直接在動詞詞尾加-s. ask-asks；work-works；get-gets；stay-stays（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-es. watch-watches；wish-wishes；fix-fixes； do-does； go-goes； pass-passes（3）以“輔音字母加 - y”結(jié)尾的動詞，要先變y為i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加 -s清輔音后讀/s/ 濁輔音和元音后讀/z/swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞加 -es讀/z/goes,does以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加 -es讀/iz/watches,washes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y 為i再加es讀/z/study-studies不規(guī)則變化have和be動詞變have 為 has變be為am,is,arehave-has be-am,is,are2.不規(guī)則變化：be- is are have-has二、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1、一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等連用。 如：I _ at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。2、 一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀存在及普遍真理。 如：Summer_（follow） spring. 春天之后是夏天。 The sun _(rise) in the east. 太陽從東方升起。 The earth_ (move)around the sun . 注意：此種用法即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。 如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小學(xué)就學(xué)過地球是圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的。3、 一般現(xiàn)在時表示格言或警句。 如：Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。4、 以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。 如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。5、在下列情況下表示將來： 1）在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 如：I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看見他就交給他。 He will come if you invite him. 如果你請他,他會來的。 Suppose he doesnt agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么辦? I shall do as I please. 我高興怎么做就怎么做。 He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管發(fā)生什么情況他都要繼續(xù)這項工作。 批注：可結(jié)合主將從現(xiàn)進(jìn)行講解 2）在the morethe more (越越) 句型中,前者通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，因?yàn)榍罢呦喈?dāng)于條件狀語從句。 如：The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，成績就會越好。 3）在make sure (certain), mind, care, matter后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 如：Make sure that you are not late again. 注意別再遲到了。 4）表示按計劃或時間表將要發(fā)生的動作，通常有表示將來的時間狀語。 如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飛機(jī)十一點(diǎn)半起飛，一點(diǎn)二十分抵達(dá)上海。批注：只限于少數(shù)動詞能這樣用，如 begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open等。 一般過去時一、一般過去時的定義表示過去某一時刻或某一時間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，過去時間標(biāo)志詞： （1）yesterday系列： yesterday, yesterday morning ,yesterday afternoon ,yesterday evening, the day before yesterday （2）last系列： last week, last month, last year, last night （3）ago系列： two months ago, three years ago （4）in系列： in 1990, in 2012特殊：just now ,in the past等等。 e.g： I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week.二、一般過去時的用法1. 動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律1）一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2）結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3）末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5） 不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 過去時練習(xí)：寫出下列動詞的過去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ 加“-ed”后的讀音方法1.ed加在清輔音后面讀/t/。finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/2.ed加在濁輔音或元音結(jié)尾的，讀/d/。played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，讀/id/。wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/批注：對于不規(guī)則動詞變化，可以選擇孩子會初一或小學(xué)已經(jīng)接觸到的不規(guī)則動詞變化，不要都講。讀音規(guī)律，對于掌握好的同學(xué)可以拓展。2. 句式變化三、一般過去時中應(yīng)注意的問題1. 判定是一般過去時后，謂語動詞一定要用過去式。課堂測試1 I _（be) at school just now.2. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.5. He _ (be) at the camp last week.批注：根據(jù)孩子的實(shí)際掌握情況，選擇題量。2. 句式變化中，動詞過去時不要忘記還原原形。課堂練習(xí)1. Su Hai took some photos on Sports day. 否定句_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 一、用所給詞的正確形式填空1. We often_(play) on the playgound.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What_ (do) he usually _(do) after school?5. Danny _(study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. How many lessons _your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time _his mother_(do) the housework?二、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.三、單選1Jenny_inanoffice.Herparents_inahospital.Awork;worksBworks;workCwork;areworkingDisworking;work2Oneoftheboys_ablackhat.AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3Wedidntgoshoppingbecauseit_yesterday.A dontrainB didntrainC rainsD rained4Thesun_intheeastand_inthewest.Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets5WangMei_musicandoften_tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listen6Jenny_Englishlastnight.AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied四、填空1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_ (come)tovisit.2_yoursister_(know)English?3Thepot_(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.4Who_(想要)togoswimming?5_she _(do)thehouseworkeveryday?6JennyandDannyusually_(play)gamesintheafternoon.7.I_h_(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.8._she_(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_didnt_.9.What_Tom_do_(do)onSaturdayevening?He_(watch)TVand_(read)aninterestingbook.10.Theyall_(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.11.She_(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.五、 改錯題(20)1.How is Jane yesterday? _來源:Z+xx+k.Com2.He go to school by bus last week. _3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _4.I can fly kites seven years ago. _5.Did you saw him just now. _六、完形填空Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after school.And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework.Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Toms homework and saw that he got all his answers right.He was very 4 and surprised(驚奇).The next morning before class，he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this time.Did your father help you?”Sometimes Toms father helped him with his homework， 7 this time he didnt help Tom because he 8 at home. So Tom answered，“NO，Sir.He Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 .”( )1.A.others B. another C. the other D. other( )2.A.made B. found C. looked at D. looked來源:學(xué)#科#網(wǎng)Z#X#X#K( )3.A.laughed B. knocked C. looked D .saw( )4.A.please B. pleased C. pleasure D.sad( )5.A.to B. for C. in D. at( )6.A.talked B. asked C. spoke D. said( )7.A.and B. but C. so D. or( )8.A.isnt B.wont be C. wasnt D. cant be( )9.A.wanted B. mustnt C. liked D. had( )10.A.itself B. of them C. myself D. himself