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精密與超精密磨削技術(shù)
摘要: 磨削在現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)中占有重要地位，技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,國內(nèi)外都采用超精密磨削、精密修整、微細(xì)磨料磨具進(jìn)行亞微米級以下切深磨削的研究，以獲得亞微米級的尺寸精度。當(dāng)前磨削除向超精密、高效率和超硬磨料方向發(fā)展外，自動化也是磨削技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要方向之一。本文就精密和超精密磨削，砂帶磨削,磨削自動化進(jìn)行了研究與論述.
關(guān)鍵詞: ELID磨削技術(shù), 砂帶磨削,磨削自動化
、
Precise and ultra microfinishing technology
Abstract：The grinding holds the important status in the modern manufacturing industry, the technological development is rapid, domesticand foreign all uses the ultra microfinishing, the precise conditioning, the tiny grinding compound grinding tool carries on the submicron level
to undercut the deep grinding the research, obtains the submicron levelthe size precision.Outside the current grinding except to ultra precise, the high efficiency and the ultra hard grinding compound direction develops, the automation also is one of grinding technological development important directions.This article on precise and the ultra microfinishing, the belt grinding, the grinding automation has conducted the research and the elaboration。
Key word: ELID grinding technology, belt grinding, grinding automation
1 精密與超精密磨削技術(shù)
國內(nèi)外都采用超精密磨削、精密修整、微細(xì)磨料磨具進(jìn)行亞微米級以下切深磨削的研究，以獲得亞微米級的尺寸精度。微細(xì)磨料磨削，用于超精密鏡面磨削的樹脂結(jié)合劑砂輪的金剛石磨粒平均直徑可小至4 μm。日本用激光在研磨過的人造單晶金剛石上切出大量等高性一致的微小切刃，對硬脆材料進(jìn)行精密磨削加工，效果很好。超硬材料微粉砂輪超精密磨削主要 用于磨削難加工材料，精度可達(dá)0.025 μm。日本開發(fā)了電解在線修整(ELID)超精密鏡面磨削技術(shù)，使得用超細(xì)微(或超微粉)超硬磨料制造砂輪成為可能，可實現(xiàn)硬脆材料的高精度、 高效率的超精密磨削。作平面研磨運動的雙端面精密磨削技術(shù)，其加工精度、切除率都比研 磨高得多，且可獲得很高的平面度, 在工具和模具制造中，磨削是保證產(chǎn)品的精度和質(zhì)量的最后一道工序。技術(shù)關(guān)鍵除磨床本身外、磨削工藝也起決定性的作用。在磨削脆性材料時，由于材料本身的物理特性，切屑形成多為脆性斷裂，磨劑后的表面比較粗糙。在某些應(yīng)用場合如光學(xué)元件，這樣的粗糙表面必須進(jìn)行拋光，它雖能改善工件的表面粗糙度，但由于很難控制形狀精度，拋光后經(jīng)常會降低。為了解決這一矛盾，在80年代末日本和歐美的眾多公司和研究機(jī)構(gòu)相繼推回了兩種新的磨削工藝：塑性磨削（Ductile Grinding）和鏡面磨削（Mirror Grinding）。
(1）塑性磨削 它主要是針對脆性材料而言，其命名來源出自該種工藝的切屑形成機(jī)理，即磨削脆性材料時，切屑形成與塑性材料相似，切屑通過剪切的形式被磨粒從基體上切除下來。所以這種磨削方式有時也被稱為剪切磨削（Shere Mode Grindins）。由此磨削后的表面沒有微裂級形成，也沒有脆必剝落時的元規(guī)則的凹凸不平，表面呈有規(guī)則的紋理。
塑性磨削的機(jī)理至今不十分清楚在切屑形成由脆斷向逆性剪切轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗軘?，這一切削深度被稱為臨界切削深度，它與工件材料特性和磨粒的幾何形狀有關(guān)。一般來說，臨界切削深度在100μm以下，因而這種磨削方法也被稱為納米磨削（Nanogrinding）。根據(jù)這一理論，有些人提出了一種觀點，即塑性磨削要靠特殊磨床來實現(xiàn)。這種特殊磨床必須滿足如下要求：
l）極高的定位精度和運動精度。以免因磨粒的切削深度超過100μm時，導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榇嘈阅ハ鳌?
2）極高的剛性。因為塑性磨削的切削力遠(yuǎn)超過脆性磨削的水平，機(jī)床剛性太低，會因切削力引起的變形而破壞塑性切屑形成的條件。
對形成塑性磨削的另一種觀點認(rèn)為切削深度不是唯一的因素，只有磨削溫度才是切屑由脆性向塑性轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵。從理論上講，當(dāng)磨粒與工件的接觸點的溫度高到一定程度時，工件材料的局部物理特性會發(fā)生變化，導(dǎo)致了切屑形成機(jī)理的變化。作者從實踐中找到了支持這種觀點的許多證據(jù)：比如在一臺已經(jīng)服役20多年的精度和剛度不高的平面磨床上磨削SiC陶瓷，用40O0#的金剛石砂輪。工件表面粗糙度小于Rq5μm，表面上看不到脆斷的痕跡。另外德國亞琛工業(yè)大學(xué)的Konig教授作了如下試驗，在普通的車床上，用激光局部加熱一個SiN陶瓷試件，即能順利地進(jìn)行車削。這些實驗均間接地說明溫度對切屑形成機(jī)理有決定性的影響。
（2）鏡面磨削 顧名思義，它關(guān)心的不是切屑形成的機(jī)理而是磨削后的工件表面的特性。當(dāng)磨削后的工件表面反射光的能力達(dá)到一定程度時，該磨削過程被稱為鏡面磨削。鏡面磨削的工件材料不局限于脆性材料，它也包括金屬材料如鋼、鋁和鉬等。為了能實現(xiàn)鏡面磨削，日本東京大學(xué)理化研究所的Nakagawa和Ohmori教授發(fā)明了電解在線修整磨削法ELID（Electrolytic In-Process Dressing）。
鏡面磨削的基本出發(fā)點是：要達(dá)到境面，必須使用盡可能小的磨粒粒度，比如說粒度2μm乃至0.2μm。在ELID發(fā)明之前，微粒度砂輪在工業(yè)上應(yīng)用很少，原因是微粒度砂輪極易堵塞，砂輪必須經(jīng)常進(jìn)行修整，修整砂輪的輔助時間往往超過了磨削的工作時間。ELID首次解決了僅用微粒度砂輪時，修整與磨削在時間上的矛盾，從而為微粒度砂輪的工業(yè)應(yīng)用創(chuàng)造條件。
ELID(Electrolytic In-Process Dressing)磨削是在磨削過程中，利用非線性電解修整作用和金屬結(jié)合劑超硬磨料砂輪表層氧化物絕緣層對電解抑制作用的動態(tài)平衡，對砂輪進(jìn)行連續(xù)修銳修整，使砂輪磨粒獲得恒定的突出量，從而實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定、可控、最佳的磨削過程，它適用于硬脆材料進(jìn)行超精密鏡面磨削。ELID磨削技術(shù)以其效率高、精度高、表面質(zhì)量好、加工裝置簡單及加工適應(yīng)性廣等特點，在日本已較廣泛用于電子、機(jī)械、光學(xué)、儀表、汽車等領(lǐng)域。
ELID磨削原理是金屬結(jié)合劑超硬磨料砂輪與電源正極相接做陽極，工具電極做陰極，在砂輪和電極的間隙中通過電解磨削液，利用電解過程中的陽極溶解效應(yīng)，對砂輪表層的金屬基體進(jìn)行電解去除，從而逐漸露出嶄新鋒利的磨粒，形成對砂輪的修整作用：同時形成一層鈍化膜附著于砂輪表面，抑制砂輪過度電解，從而使砂輪始終以最佳磨削狀態(tài)連續(xù)進(jìn)行磨削加工。所以該技術(shù)將砂輪修整與磨削過程結(jié)合在一起，利用金屬基砂輪進(jìn)行磨削加工的同時利用電解方法對砂輪進(jìn)行修整，從而實現(xiàn)對硬脆材料的連續(xù)超精密鏡面磨削。
ELID鏡面磨削過程可分為準(zhǔn)備階段、電解預(yù)修銳階段、在線電解修整動態(tài)磨削階段和光磨階段。準(zhǔn)備階段主要是對砂輪進(jìn)行動平衡和精密整形，減小砂輪的圓度和圓柱度誤差：預(yù)修銳階段使砂輪獲得適當(dāng)?shù)某鋈懈叨群秃侠淼娜菪伎臻g，并形成一層鈍化膜：動態(tài)磨削階段形成加工表面：光磨階段則進(jìn)一步提高表面質(zhì)量。
ELID磨削去除材料的機(jī)理與其他鏡面加工有所不同。通常的鏡面加工是通過磨削、研磨和拋光來獲得的。研磨和拋光是以柔性的研磨盤把磨料壓在材料表面并產(chǎn)生相對運動，磨料借助研磨盤的壓力以滾動方式使材料破碎，以滑動和滾動方式去除破碎后的材料。
而在ELID磨削中，一方面由于磨粒固著在結(jié)合劑中，對于單顆粒的固著磨粒而言，其有效磨削尺寸只有磨粒尺寸的1/3，磨粒主要以微切削的方式去除材料，所以造成的破碎區(qū)要小得多：另一方面，砂輪表面形成具有一定厚度和彈性且容納有脫落磨料的鈍化膜，成為一種具有良好柔性的研磨膜。精磨時，由于進(jìn)給量很小，鈍化膜的厚度遠(yuǎn)大于磨料的出刃高度，使砂輪基體表層磨料在磨削中不可能直接與工件接觸，砂輪上覆蓋的這層鈍化膜將代替金屬基砂輪參與真正的磨削過程。當(dāng)電解作用完全抑制時，鈍化膜對工件進(jìn)行光磨。所以ELID磨削實際上是一種將磨、研、拋合為一體的復(fù)合式精密鏡面加工技術(shù)，其中磨粒主要是以滑動方式去除工件材料的
ELID磨削技術(shù)是對金屬結(jié)合劑超硬磨料砂輪在線修整、修銳的復(fù)合磨削技術(shù)，它有別于電解磨削、電火花磨削，在精密加工領(lǐng)域獨樹一幟，具有自身的一些顯著特點。
磨削過程具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和可控性，易于實現(xiàn)磨削過程的最優(yōu)化： 加工精度高，表面裂紋少，表面質(zhì)量好： 適應(yīng)性廣泛，磨削效率高：裝置簡單，成本低，推廣性強(qiáng)等。
ELID磨削的必備裝置主要有砂輪、電源、電解裝置、電解液和磨床等五個要素。
ELID磨削對磨床的要求主要是要有較高的主軸回轉(zhuǎn)精度。
ELID磨削用砂輪的結(jié)合劑應(yīng)具有良好的導(dǎo)電性和電解性能，而結(jié)合劑元素的氧化物或氫氧化物不導(dǎo)電。目前常用的砂輪有鑄鐵纖維結(jié)合劑(CIFB)、鑄鐵結(jié)合劑(CIB)和鐵粉結(jié)合劑(IB)的金剛石砂輪， ELID磨削的電源可以采用直流電源、交流電源、脈沖電源等。電解裝置的主要部分是工具電極。磨床結(jié)構(gòu)不同，工具電極的位置和形狀也不同，電極宜用不銹鋼制造，與砂輪的間隙控制在0. 5～1. 5mm范圍內(nèi)，而且應(yīng)與機(jī)床充分絕緣。工具電極固定在絕緣板上，再用調(diào)節(jié)栓將絕緣板固定在砂輪防護(hù)罩上。電極上開有蓄水槽，電解磨削液采用中心送液法，依靠重力和離心力充滿電極間隙。
ELID磨削液兼做電解液，一般采用弱堿性電解質(zhì)水溶液。但結(jié)合劑和磨粒粒度不同，磨削液的主要成分也不同。磨削液對電解過程中形成的鈍化膜的厚度、性質(zhì)乃至最終的磨削效果都有重要影響。
ELID磨削技術(shù)在我國尚處于研究階段，主要集中在高校，如哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)、大連理工大學(xué)、西安交通大學(xué)、天津大學(xué)、西北工業(yè)大學(xué)等。哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)過幾年的努力，研制成功了ELID磨削專用的脈沖電源、磨削液和砂輪，在國產(chǎn)機(jī)床上開發(fā)出平面、外圓和內(nèi)圓ELID磨削裝置，并對多種硬脆材料進(jìn)行了ELID鏡面磨削的實驗研究。目前正積極推廣普及該技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品化。國內(nèi)已有十幾家單位應(yīng)用該技術(shù)，如230廠用于加工動壓馬達(dá)零件，23所用于相陣?yán)走_(dá)互易移相單元陶瓷、微晶玻璃、鐵氧體等航天材料零件加工，8358廠用于光學(xué)玻璃非球曲面加工，205所用于光學(xué)玻璃加工，華僑大學(xué)用于加工大理石，福建南安宏偉陶瓷廠用于加工陶瓷等。
盡管ELID磨削技術(shù)在我國的發(fā)展落后于一些工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家，但是ELID磨削技術(shù)在國內(nèi)的研究和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)具備。特別是該技術(shù)顯著的特點，尤其適合我國國情。隨著該技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步普及推廣，相信有越來越多的專家和學(xué)者認(rèn)識到這項技術(shù)的重要性和它潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值，越來越多的企業(yè)重視并采用該技術(shù)，從而促進(jìn)我國傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的改造和高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展。ELID磨削技術(shù)作為一種新型的鏡面加工方法，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景和很大的實用價值。
精密與超精密磨削技術(shù)
摘要: 磨削在現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)中占有重要地位，技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,國內(nèi)外都采用超精密磨削、精密修整、微細(xì)磨料磨具進(jìn)行亞微米級以下切深磨削的研究，以獲得亞微米級的尺寸精度。當(dāng)前磨削除向超精密、高效率和超硬磨料方向發(fā)展外，自動化也是磨削技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要方向之一。本文就精密和超精密磨削，砂帶磨削,磨削自動化進(jìn)行了研究與論述.
關(guān)鍵詞: ELID磨削技術(shù), 砂帶磨削,磨削自動化
Precise and ultra microfinishing technology
Abstract：The grinding holds the important status in the modern manufacturing industry, the technological development is rapid, domesticand foreign all uses the ultra microfinishing, the precise conditioning, the tiny grinding compound grinding tool carries on the submicron level
to undercut the deep grinding the research, obtains the submicron levelthe size precision.Outside the current grinding except to ultra precise, the high efficiency and the ultra hard grinding compound direction develops, the automation also is one of grinding technological development important directions.This article on precise and the ultra microfinishing, the belt grinding, the grinding automation has conducted the research and the elaboration。
Key word: ELID grinding technology, belt grinding, grinding automation
1 is accurate with rubing the technology of paring ultraprecisionly
Adopt and waste paring ultraprecisionly, repairing accurately both at home and abroad, it has research that cuts and is rubed pared deeply of under submicro grade that very small abradant is rubed, in order to obtain the size precision of grade of submicro. Very small abradant rub, sharpen, used in ultraprecision surface of the mirror resin sharpened to rub combine pharmaceutical diamond grit of emery wheel average diameter little to 4 μ m very. Japan cuts out a large amount of and waits for high identical cutting the edge on the artificial single crystal diamond that is ground smallly with the laser, rub and pare processing to the hard fragile material accurately, very effective. Ultra hard material little powder emery wheel ultraprecision to rub, pare, use mainly for, rub, sharpen difficult to process materials, the precision can reach 0.025 μ m. Japan has developed and repaired(ELID) electrolytically online The ultraprecision surface of the mirror rubs the technology of paring, can use ultraly and slightly (or ultra little powder) Ultra hard abradant make emery wheel become, perhaps, can realize hard fragile high precision of material, a high-efficiency one ultraprecision to rub paring. Make level pairs of terminal surface to grind sport accurate to rub technology of sharpening, machining accuracy its, person who excise high much than to grind, and can get very high level degree, in tool and mould are made, it is a process of precision and end of the quality of guaranteeing the products to rub and pare. Technological key besides the grinding machine, rub, sharpen craft play a decisive role. While rubing and paring the fragility material, because of the physical characteristic of material, it is mostly the fracture of fragility that the smear metal is formed, the surface after rubing pharmaceutical is more coarse. , like the optical component, such a coarse surface must carry on the polishing in some application occasions, although it can improve the surface roughness of the work piece, because it is very difficult to control the form precision, will often be reduced after the polishing. And numerous company and research institution of America and Europe push back two rubing crafting of sharpening new in succession for solve contradiction this, doomsday in the 1980s originally: Plasticity is rubed and pared (Ductile Grinding) Rubed and pares (Mirror Grinding) with the surface of the mirror .
(1)Plasticity rubs and pares it mainly regarding fragility material, it names smear metal formation mechanism that the source comes from this kind of craft, rub it while paring the fragility material, it is similar to plasticity material that the smear metal takes shape, the smear metal is excised from matrices by the grit through the form of shearing. So this kind rubs way of paring and known as shearing and wasting paring (Shere Mode Grindins) sometimes . Rub surface sharpen, split grade take shape, have fragile yuans of rule must peel off, full of bumps and holes a little, the surface presents regular lamination.
Plasticity mechanism sharpened to rub clear in smear metal forming from fragile and broken to shear, change against sex into, mould, break very much so far, all these are pared and known as the borderline to cut the depth deeply, it and work piece material characteristic have something to do with the geometirc form of the grit. Generally speaking, borderline cut depth under 100μ m, therefore this kind rub, sharpen method known as nanometer rub and sharpen (Nanogrinding) too . According to this theory, some people have proposed a kind of view, plasticity will be realized by the special grinding machine when being rubed and pared. Such special grinding machine must meet the following requirement:
l)Extremely high localization precision and movement precision. In case that because result in changing into the fragility and rub and pare when the cutting of the grit exceeds 100μ m deeply.
2)Extremely high rigidity. Because plasticity rubs the cutting strength pared exceeds the fragility and rubs the level pared far, the lathe rigidity is too low, will arising from cutting strength deformation destroy plasticity terms that smear metal form.
Rub another view pared to show to the plasticity of forming that it is not the only factor to cut the depth, it is a smear metal key from fragility to plasticity transition to only rub the temperature of paring. Theoretically, when the temperature that grit and contact of the work piece are lighted is high to certain extent, some physical characteristic of the work piece material will change, has caused the change of smear metal formation mechanism. The author has found a lot of evidences of supporting this kind of view from practice: For example on active service 20 precision for more than year and rigidity high level grinding machine rub and sharpen SiC pottery already in one, use diamond emery wheel of 40O0 #. The surface roughness of the work piece is below Rq5μ m, is outwardly less than the fragile trace that breaks. In addition Konig professor of German Aachen polytechnical university has tested as follows, on the ordinary lathe, heat a SiN pottery with laser part and try one, can carry on turning smoothly. These experiments prove indirectly temperature have decisive influence on smear metal formation mechanism.
( 2) The surface of the mirror is as its name suggests rubed and pared, what it cared about is not but the mechanism that smear metal forms rubs the characteristic of the surface of work piece after paring. When the surface of work piece after rubing and paring reflects all ability and becomes certain, it's time to rub the course of paring and known as the surface of the mirror to rub and pare. The surface of the mirror rubs the work piece material pared and does not confine to the fragility material, it includes metal material such as steel, aluminium and molybdenum,etc. too. In order to be able to realize the surface of the mirror is rubed and pared, physical and chemical Nakagawa of research institute, Tokyo University of Japanese, and Ohmori Professor invent electrolytic to repair and rub and sharpen law ELID online ( Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) .
The surface of the mirror rubs the basic point of departure pared: Should reach it the border, must enable and use the granularity of grit as small as possible, for example granularity 2μ m and even 0.2μ m. Before ELID invents, one degree of emery wheels is being employed little commercially in the particle, the reason is that particle one degree of emery wheels is extremely easy to stop up, the emery wheel must be often repaired, repair assisting time and often exceeding the working time to pare of wasting of the emery wheel. When ELID settlement for the first time only uses particle one degree of emery wheels, repair and waste the contradiction pared on time, thus create conditions for industry of one degree of emery wheels employ the particle.
ELID(Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) It is in the course of rubing and paring to rub and pare, utilize non-linear to repair function with metal combine pharmaceutical ultra hard abradant emery wheel top layer oxide insulating barrier to electrolytic dynamic equilibrium of inhibitory activity while being electrolytic, repair and repair sharp the emery wheel continuously, make the grit of emery wheel obtain invariable outstanding quantity, thus realize steady, controllable, best rubing the course of paring, it is suitable for the hard fragile material and rub and pare the ultraprecision surface of the mirror. ELID rub technology of sharpening until their with high efficiency, precision high, surface of high quality, processing equipment simple processing adaptability characteristic such as being wide, already been used in fields such as electron, machinery, optics, instrument, car,etc. more extensively.
ELID rub, sharpen principle whether metal combine pharmaceutical ultra hard abradant emery wheel and power positive pole meet and make positive pole, the tool electrode is made the negative pole, through rubing and paring the liquid electrolytically in the interval of emery wheel and electrode, utilize the positive pole in electrolytic course to dissolve the effect, remove the metal matrices of the top layer of emery wheel electrolytically, thus the brand-new and sharp grit emerges gradually, form the repairment function on the emery wheel: Form membrane of a layer of passivation at the same time and adhere to the surface of emery wheel, it is excessively electrolytic to inhibit the emery wheel, make emery wheel with best to rub, sharpen state rub and pare processing continuously all the time. So this technology repaired the emery wheel and rubed the course of paring to conbine together, ones that utilized the emery wheel of metal base to rub and pare processing utilized the electrolytic method to repair the emery wheel simultaneously, thus realize that rubs and pares the continuous ultraprecision surface of the mirror of the hard fragile material.
ELID surface of the mirror rub, sharpen course can divide into preparatory stage, electrolytic to build sharp stage, online to repair, rub the stage of sharpening and only rub stage dynamically while being electrolytic in advance. Preparatory stage mainly carry on the dynamic equilibrium to the emery wheel and have a facelift accurately, reduce one degree of errors of round degree and cylinder of the emery wheel: Repair sharp stage highly making the emery wheel get appropriate producing the edge and rational holding space of bits in advance, form membrane of a layer of passivation: Waste the stage of paring and form and process the surface dynamically: Only waste stage and further improve surface quality.
ELID rubs and pares the mechanism and other surface of the mirror which removes the material to process to some extent differently. The common surface of the mirror is processed and got by rubing paring, grinding and polishing. It is by grinding one and pressing abradant on the surface of material and producing the relative motion of flexibility to grind with the polishing, abradant makes the material broken by way of rolling through the pressure of grinding one, the material after it is broken to remove by way of slipping and rolling.
In ELID rubs and pares, on one hand because the grit is firm in combining pharmaceutical, as to firm grit of the single particle, it rubs and pares 1/3 with grit size of size effectively, the grit removes materials in a manner to cut a little mainly, so the broken district caused is much smaller: On the other hand, the surface of emery wheel is formed to have certain thickness and elasticity and hold coming off the passivation membrane of the abradant, becoming one has grinding the membrane of good flexibility. While finishing grind, because it is very small to enter the giving amount, the thickness of the membrane of passivation is far greater than producing edge height of abradant, make emery wheel base body surface layers of abradant in rub sharpen, keeping in touch with the work piece directly while being impossible, the passivation membrane that cover with at the emery wheel replace metal base emery wheel participate in real rubing the course of sharpening. When electrolytic function is totally inhibited, the membrane of passivation only rubs the work piece. So ELID rubs and pares in fact that one kind will rub, grind, throw the complex type process technology of accurate surface of the mirror united, among them the grit mainly removes the work piece material by way of slipping
ELID rub, sharpen technology to combine to metal pharmaceutical ultra hard abradant emery wheel repair, build sharp complex rub the technology of sharpening online, it is electrolytic to rub, sharpen for it to different from, electric spark rub, sharpen, in accurate to process field take the course of its own, some prominent characteristics with oneself.
Rubing the course of paring has good stability and controllability, it is apt to realize rubing optimization the most which pare the course: The machining accuracy is high, there is few crackle of surface, the surface is of high quality: Adaptability is extensive, rub and pare with high efficiency: The device is simple, with low costs, the popularizing is strong.
What ELID rubs and pares must fit and mainly have five key elements such as emery wheel, power, electrolytic device, electrolytic liquid and grinding machine fully.
ELID should have higher main shafts to turn the precision round to pare requirements for grinding machine to rub.
ELID should have good electric conductivity and electrolytic performance to pare with combination pharmaceutical of the emery wheel to rub, the oxide or caustic combining the pharmaceutical element does not conduct. The present commonly used emery wheel has casting iron fibers to combine pharmaceutical (CIFB) , the casting iron combines pharmaceutical (CIB) Combine pharmaceutical (IB) with the iron powder Diamond emery wheel,it rub ELID ones that sharpen can last direct current source, alternating current source, pulse power,etc. the powers. The main part of the electrolytic device is a tool electrode. The structure of the grinding machine is different, position and form of the tool electrode are different, the electrode should be made of stainless steel, control with the interval of the emery wheel in 0. 5- 1. In 5mm range, and should be fully insulating with the lath