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781型銑邊機維修
跳針是銑邊機經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的故障，跳針可分為：下勾線盤勾線跳針和機針未勾上縫線跳針。
??? 下勾線盤勾線跳針
如何判斷是下勾線盤勾線跳針呢？在操作中上勾線鉤勾住機針線環(huán)，機針帶著縫線下降，下勾線盤勾線后，這時縫料上面或線鉤上有線環(huán)，這都是因為下勾線盤鉤頭沒有勾住機針上的線環(huán)所造成的跳針。調(diào)整時機針高度的定位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：機針在上死點時機針尖距離針板上平面16mm。下勾線盤的勾線時間為：機針在第一圈下降至下死點后，向上回升1.3 mm時，下勾線盤鉤頭應(yīng)該到達機針凹面中心（圖1），鉤頭與機針凹面的間隙為零。在這里要強調(diào)的是通常情況下機針回升1.3 mm時，下勾線盤鉤頭應(yīng)到達機針中心。這是因為針桿下降至針板時封針被擋在了針板上方（圖2、3），機針孔向操作者的一面打開，針孔內(nèi)的縫線失去了保護，機針從下死點稍微向上回升，機針孔內(nèi)的縫線失去拉力很容易形成線環(huán)，如果下勾線盤勾線時間略遲，在勾線之前縫線就容易從機針孔內(nèi)脫出或線環(huán)過大扭曲變形造成跳針。也可將下勾線盤勾線時間稍微提前。
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??? 機針勾線跳針
機針勾線跳針表現(xiàn)為：在縫制面料的正面一針或幾針沒有線跡，或縫了幾針后機針再也帶不上縫線。要排除該故障，首先應(yīng)對機器的下送線機構(gòu)有所了解，弄清它的工作原理、時間相位。
機針在第一圈的下死點，當(dāng)回升1.3 mm時下勾線盤鉤頭勾住機針線環(huán)，并繼續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn)擴大線環(huán)（圖4、5），依次將縫線送入下送線指內(nèi)→緊線鉤中→夾線器中。與此同時，下送線鉤從前行程末端，向后（操作者）擦著縫線運動到后行程末端，然后勾著縫線再運動到前行程末端停止。第二圈沒有帶縫線的機針下降至下死點后開始回升，此時下送線指推著縫線同步向左前方圍著機針作曲線運動，下送線指和機針相遇時的距離為0.1 mm（圖4），在機針上升至封針封住機針孔后，下送線指開始回退，緊線鉤松線，夾線器打開。
要保證機針能順利地勾上縫線，那么縫線每次都應(yīng)在下送線鉤前、下送線指內(nèi)、夾線器中、緊線鉤內(nèi)。重要的是下送線鉤必須每次把縫線勾住，這就要求必須調(diào)整好它們的時間相位。調(diào)整時最好用觀察針板（把針板右邊磨掉一部分），以便于觀察下勾線盤勾線、下送線鉤勾線和送線、送線指的送線情況。下送線鉤在機針前行程末端時的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)位置是：下送線鉤和機針的距離是2.5 mm。下送線鉤在左面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)位置是：下送線鉤鉤頭超出機針左邊0.3 mm。旋松下送線鉤座固定螺釘進行調(diào)節(jié)（圖6）。下送線鉤的高度距離針板下面0.3 mm（圖7），旋松下送線鉤緊固螺釘進行調(diào)節(jié)。為什么要距離針板這么近，主要是因為下送線鉤越高，下送線鉤就越容易擦著縫線向后運動，返回時就能勾住縫線。機針勾線跳針，絕大部分都是由于下送線鉤沒有勾住縫線所造成的。下送線鉤的弧型背面擦著縫線向后運動，然后勾上縫線送向前行程末端，這一點尤為重要。還要注意的一點是，在縫制過程中出現(xiàn)斷針，在排除故障前，最好先檢查下送線鉤弧型背面有無劃傷，如果下送線鉤弧型背面有毛刺，那么當(dāng)下送線鉤向后運動，縫線就不可能順暢地滑入下送線鉤的前面，下送線鉤也就沒有勾住縫線，跳針也就很自然的事。
夾線器調(diào)整不當(dāng)，也會引起機針勾線時偶爾跳針。它的時間相位是：在第一圈下勾線盤勾住機針線環(huán)旋轉(zhuǎn)擴大，緊線鉤和夾線器的左半邊在下勾線盤鉤頭前8 mm左右，開始進入下勾線盤內(nèi)。在第二圈當(dāng)回升的機針勾住縫線并被封針封住針孔后，緊線鉤松線，夾線器打開。調(diào)整方法是：旋松夾線器控制凸輪上的兩顆緊固螺釘進行調(diào)整（圖8），但調(diào)整后還應(yīng)觀察下送線鉤的送線時間相位是否正確。這是因為下送線鉤控制凸輪和夾線器控制凸輪是連接在一起的，如果下送線鉤時間相位受到影響，就應(yīng)拆下下勾線盤，在夾線器控制凸輪槽內(nèi)用扳手旋松兩顆緊固螺釘，用六方扳手帶著其中一顆螺釘在槽內(nèi)滑動，從而改變下送線鉤的時間相位。
??? 末尾線頭長
理想的末尾線頭長是10cm左右，超過就可以認(rèn)為末尾線頭過長，造成縫線浪費。線頭長的主要原因是下送線鉤調(diào)整的位置不當(dāng)和下勾線盤沒有調(diào)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)位置?？傊肽┪簿€頭短，下送線鉤寧高勿低，下勾線盤勾線時間寧早勿遲。
??? 縫線散開、起絲和斷線
縫線起絲主要是由于下送線指送線和夾線器松線的時間過早所致。調(diào)整方法是調(diào)整它們各自的控制凸輪的時間相位。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時間相位如圖4，機針從下死點回升，下送線指同步送線，封針封住機針孔后，送線指開始回退，夾線器開始張開松線。另外還可以通過夾線器調(diào)節(jié)螺釘，改變縫線的張力大?。▓D5），下勾線盤鉤頭內(nèi)若卡上縫線或鉤頭內(nèi)小軸承運轉(zhuǎn)不靈活等均會引起縫線起絲和斷線（圖9）。
挑線鉤的安裝調(diào)整不當(dāng)也會引起縫線起絲和斷線。挑線鉤的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間相位是：下勾線盤鉤頭勾住機針線環(huán)時，挑線鉤應(yīng)挑出夾線器中間的縫線（圖10），如不正確，調(diào)整它的控制凸輪即可。另外還應(yīng)注意挑線鉤的背面一定要光滑，否則縫線就不能進入挑線鉤內(nèi)，夾線器中的縫線也就無法被挑出。另外，每次開始縫紉時縫線的長度不要超過90cm，超過了下線盤的容線量也會出現(xiàn)縫線起絲或斷線。
??? 機針掛紗
首先應(yīng)檢查封針尖是否損壞或磨損，機針是否彎曲，封針位置是否正確。封針的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)位置是：當(dāng)機針在上死點時，封針應(yīng)封閉機針開口，封針尖距機針孔下端0.8~1.2 mm，封針尖與機針必須貼合。另外，夾線器松線時間過遲、線太緊也會造成機針變形掛紗。
??? 珠點調(diào)節(jié)手柄上下晃動
首先應(yīng)檢查氣缸有無串氣現(xiàn)象（圖11），珠點正反按鈕、珠點調(diào)節(jié)按鈕有無接觸不良，檢查電磁閥動作是否靈活。如氣缸串氣沒有配件，應(yīng)在氣缸橡膠圈槽內(nèi)纏上兩三圈生料帶即可。如電磁閥線圈壞了只要換同樣型號的線圈。
??? 針碼和珠點故障
調(diào)節(jié)針碼和珠點大小時一定要先按下它們的調(diào)節(jié)按鈕，然后再調(diào)整，調(diào)好后再按回按鈕。如果不按按鈕直接調(diào)，不僅調(diào)不動，還會使調(diào)節(jié)絲杠滑絲，造成針碼和珠點無法控制；如果調(diào)好后忘了按回按鈕，針碼會亂，無法操作。珠點正反面大小不一致時，應(yīng)旋松調(diào)節(jié)壓塊上的兩顆緊固螺釘反復(fù)調(diào)節(jié)（圖11）。
機針的停車位是靠同步器來定位的。機針的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)停車位是：在第二圈末端，機針下降至針板上面10 mm時應(yīng)停車，此時上勾線鉤尾部距機針約10~14 mm。因珠邊機運轉(zhuǎn)兩圈完成一個工作循環(huán)，故調(diào)整同步器一定要認(rèn)真觀察。調(diào)整不好，要么機針停在了第一圈末端，造成無法縫紉；要么停針位過高或過低，造成穿線時封針打不開或面料無法放入。同步器和主軸之間的皮帶張力要略緊。
781-type aircraft maintenance
Jump-edge machine needle is often the fault, jumping needle can be divided into: The hook-hook-line-and-jump-hook did not jump on the suture needle.
???? The hook-hook-line-dancing
How to determine the next hook-hook-line-dancing? ? In operation Shanggou line hook-Zhenxian Gouzhu Central, with a suture needle-drop, the next line hook-hook line, then slit the above material on the hook or cable lines, Central, this is because the next line hook-hook Gouzhu not the first machine needle on the Central Line caused by the needle jumped. Time-adjusted high degree of targeting criteria are: machine needles on the dead point in time to board plane needle tips from 16 mm. The hook-line time for the hook line: machine needles in the first lap down to the next point after death, upward rebound 1.3 mm, the hook-hook the first line should reach the concave center-pin (Figure 1), and the first hook - Needle concave gap is zero. Here want to emphasize is usually under-recovery of 1.3 mm, the hook-hook the first line should reach the centre of needles. This is because the needle-to-pin-drop when the needle was blocked in the closure of the side-board (2,3), the operator of the pinhole to the open side, the suture needle marks in the loss of protection, machine needles from the Died at a slight upward rebound of the suture needle marks Rally very easily lose a Central Line, if the hook-hook-line time slightly late in the Application List system on line before the suture needle marks, easily emerge from the plane or the Central Line Big jump-twisted cause. May also be under-hook-hook line slightly ahead of time.
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???? Machine hook-line-dancing
Machine hook-line-dancing performance: sewing fabric in the front of a needle or a few needles without trace, or a few stitches after the machine-needle can not take on the suture. The failure to exclude, first of all machines should send the next line agencies understand, understand its working principles, time phase.
Machine needle in the first lap of death, when the rebound of 1.3 mm topical hook-hook-head Gouzhu Zhenxian Central, and will continue to expand the revolving line Central (4,5), followed by sutures will be sent into the line that → within the tight line hook in the line-in → folder. At the same time, the next line hook sent to the end of the previous trip, backward (the operator) Cazhe suture campaign to end after the trip, and then to suture Gouzhao campaign to stop before the trip ends. The second round of the machine without suture needle drop to the next point after the death began to rise, this time sending the suture line that pushed simultaneously around the left front of a machine needle movement, the delivery of that plane and meet at the needle The distance is 0.1 mm (Figure 4), rose to the closure of needle-shut-pinhole, sent under the line that started the Back, tight line hook-line, the line to open folder.
?????To ensure a smooth machine-stitching on the hook, then the next should be sent to each suture line hook, line refers to the next delivery, in-line folder, within the tight line hook. The important thing is to be sent each time the line hook Gouzhu suture, which requires them to be a good time for adjustment phase. Adjustment of the best observed using acupuncture board (the board the right-Modiao part), in order to observe the hook-line hook line, sending the hook-hook line and line delivery, the delivery of that line in delivery. The sending-line hook in the machine before the trip at the end of the standard position: the delivery line hook-and-distance is 2.5 mm. The delivery of the left hook in the standard position: under Gougou sent to the first line beyond the left-pin 0.3 mm. Rotary Matsushita sent on a fixed line hook screw adjusted (6). The line hook sent to the high-plate distance below 0.3 mm (Figure 7), Rotary Matsushita sent line hook fastening screws to regulate. Why should distance needle plate so close, mainly because of higher delivery line hook, line hook sent under the easier it is Cazhuo suture backward movement, will be able to return Gouzhu sutures. Machine-jump-hook line, the vast majority are due to the delivery line hook Gouzhu not caused by the sutures. The line hook sent to the back of the arc Cazhao suture backward movement, and then hook on the end of suture sent forward itinerary This is especially important. We must pay attention to the fact that, in the process of sewing Duanzhen, troubleshooting, best to check under the Arc hook sent to the back line there scratches, if sent to the back of a curved line hook Burr, then the present Hook sent back line movement, it is impossible to suture smoothly down the line hook sent under the front of the line hook will not send Gouzhu sutures, jump-it is very natural.
?? Folder line-adjusted properly, will lead to needle-line when the occasional jump hook needle. It is time to phase: the first lap under hook-line-Gouzhu Zhenxian Central rotating expand, tight line hook and line for folder on the left half of the next line hook-hook before the first around 8 mm, under the Application List system has begun to enter the line - . When the rebound in the second round of machine-Gouzhu suture needle was sealed shut after the pinhole, tight line hook-line, the line to open folder. Adjustment method is: Screw-line control cam folder on the two fastening screw adjustment (8), but should also be adjusted under the observation of the delivery line hook-time delivery phase is correct. This is because under the delivery line hook control cam and cam folder of control is linked to, if the delivery time line hook phase be affected, should be removed under the hook-line, the Line of Control in the folder Cam bed with wrench Screw-two fastening screws, which used the six-party wrench with a screw in the sliding bed, to change the delivery time line hook phase.
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???? At the end of a long Xiantou
At the end of a long Xiantou ideal is about 10 cm, more than at the end of Xiantou on it that is too long, resulting in a waste of stitches. Xiantou long is the main reason for the adjustment of the delivery line hook improperly positioned under hook line and not transferred to the standard set position. In short to end Xiantou short, hook-line delivery of high not low, the hook-line hook-line time not later than early.
???? Suture spread, and disconnected from the wire
Silk sutures from the mainly due to the delivery of that line and sent folder line with the time-lines caused by premature. Adjustment method is to adjust their respective control cam time phase. Standard time phase in Figure 4, needle-point rise from the dead, sent under the simultaneous delivery of that line, closed-shut-pinhole, sent back to the beginning of that withdrawal, the folder open-line start-line. It also can adjust screw-line folder and change the size of the tension suture (5), the hook-line hook in the first stitches on the card if the head of the small hook or bearing operation does not lead to flexibility, all from the silk sutures And disconnected (9).
Pick the hook line will lead to improper installation of adjustment from the silk sutures and disconnected. Pick-hook phase is the standard time: The hook-line hook for the first Gouzhu Zhenxian Central, the pick-hook line folder should be singled out for the middle of the stitches (10), if not correct, adjust its control cam that is, Can be. It should also pay attention to the back of the pick-hook must be smooth, it will not be able to enter the pick suture line hook, line-folder in the suture it can not be singled out. In addition, each started sewing thread when the length of no more than 90 cm, set off the assembly line more than the capacity of line will also appear from the silk sutures or disconnected.
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???? Machine-linked yarn
Should first check whether the closure needle damage or wear, whether bending machine needle, needle closure position is correct. The closure-standard position: When the machine needle in the dead spots, the closure of acupuncture needles should be closed openings, the closure of the needle marks from the bottom of 0.8 ~ 1.2 mm, with the closure of acupuncture needle to a paste. In addition, the folder line for late-line time, the lines too tight will cause deformation of needle pegged yarn.
???? - Point adjustment handle shaking from top to bottom
Should first check whether string gas in the cylinder (11), the positive and negative points-button, the button-point adjustment whether connection is bad, check whether the electromagnetic valve action flexible. If no gas cylinder string parts, rubber ring in the cylinder tank Chanshang February 3 laps to bring raw material. Such as electromagnetic coil valve bad for the same model as long as the coil.
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???? Code-and-points of failure
Regulation needle-point code and the size must first press the button on their conditioning and then adjusted, for good and then click the back button. If the button is not directly transferred, not only for fixed, but also to adjust screw slippery silk, and a pin-point code can not control if good-by to forget after button, pin code will be chaotic, can not operate. - Point size is not negative, they should spin-conditioning Press tighten screws on the two repeatedly regulation (11).
Machine-parking spaces is to rely on sync with the positioning. Machine-standard parking spaces is: the end of the second lap, machine needles dropped to 10 mm above-board should be stopping, at this time Shanggou line hook from the tail-plane about 10 ~ 14 mm. By-side machines running two laps completed a work cycle, the adjustment synchronizer must seriously observe. Adjusted well, either machine needle stopped at the end of the first lap, causing no sewing; either stop-bit too high or too low, causing threading needles trying to open or closed when not Add to fabrics. And spindle synchronization between the belt tension Chamber tight.
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