廢水處理監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)研制設計【含CAD圖紙、文檔說明書】
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畢 業(yè) 設 計(論 文)外 文 參 考 資 料 及 譯 文譯文題目: 基于PLC的控制系統(tǒng)在污水處理中的應用 學生姓名:專 業(yè): 所在學院:指導教師:職 稱:外文翻譯譯文:Application of control system on the base of PLC in sewage treatmentThe paper introduces a distributed control system of sewage treatment, and the core of the system is PLC. The structure of the control system, the assignment and implementation of the tasks, the control scheme and the design concept of program are expounded. The way of central monitoring management and dispersing control is used by the control system; the long一distance control and monitoring of field equipment are uncharged of the upper computer; the software program of designs uses Intouch7. 0. The specific technology, equipment, the controlling of main parameter and several running data are uncharged of the PLC stations, and the software program of designs uses Concept 2. 2XL with online tracking and outline simulating. MB+ net is adopted by the communication between the upper computer and the PLC stations, with its simply building net, quickly running and stable communication. The automatic control of PLC has been successfully completed in sewage treatment, which has improved the operation efficiency and management level of sewage treatment equipment Introduced to take PLC as the distribute type control system of core in the wastewater treatment system of apply。Concretely described the structure, mission of the control system an allotment and carry out, the way of control and the thought of the program design. The way controled the concentration monitor of the system adoption a management and scattered a control, the place of honor machine be responsible for the spot the long range of the equipments control and surveillance, software adoption Intouch7. 0 draw up.The PLC native station is responsible for to the concrete craft, equipments and is mainly controled parameter to carry on control and collect various movement data, the program design adoption have on-line follow with off-line imitate the Concept of true function 2. 2 XL software.Place of honor machine and of the PLC adoption set the net be quickly simple and circulate speed, correspond by letter the stability strong MB+net.The whole control system successfully solved the PLC controls a problem in the automation within wastewater treatment and raised a wastewater treatment equipments to circulate an efficiency and manage level.Recently, for carrying out high quality, low consume, stable dependable movement.Domestic and international many wastewater treatment factorieses adopted a modern forerunner to control technique and calculator technique and constitute calculator direct, control thus, manage system.Make system excellent to turn movement.But the programmable logic controller(PLC) then take microprocessor as core.Synthesize the calculator technique automatically controls technique and correspondence technique but develops of a kind of new and in general use utomatic control device.Have structure simple, function superior, dependable sex Gao, work properly words in general use, be easy to plait distance, usage convenience etc. advantage etc.The silver Chuan City the first wastewater treatment factory adopted a SBR craft and take PLC as the control system of core, day after handling the sewage 10 104 t the processing of reach mark sewage can used for an agriculture irrigation.1 Control system structureControl the way of concentration monitor management, scatter a control of the system adoption.The emulation hold, place of honor machine, gather a line machine, printer to Be located on medium control room, two set PLCs are located on control the spot.Adopt this kind of structure can make the information in the production line can centralized management with carry out whole operation, management with excellent turn.Also make to control dangerous dispersion in the meantime, raise the system credibility.1.1 The upper computersMedium control two calculator adoption PII class works of room to control machine, circulate the operate system of Windows NT.The place of honor machine be responsible for on the scene establish each long range control(full-automatic control, automatic control, order to move a control) with surveillance, make use of Intouch7. 0 engineering software packages provide a good person machine dialogue boundary but obtain concerning parameter and equipments appearance information from the PLC by searching a way, keep a view manifestation to come out on the CRT by good sketch type, print a necessary data in the meantime and be provided for lord to control and manager instruction produce.Supervise and control boundary but include the system total diagram, system cent diagram, imitate the quantity general chart, parameter a constitution, report to the police a window, history trend and register a window etc. boundary but.In the system total diagram, circulate the personnel can keep watch on signals, such as all movement appearances, equipments trouble and liquid which control an equipments and discharge.etc.Operate a personnel in the system the cent the diagram can carry on a single machine point to move to circulate an operation to all control equipmentses, become the set automatically circulate operation or the whole factorieses full-automatic operation combine surveillance.In the meantime place of honor machine 2 and do a plait distance a machine.Medium control room to establish another an inset type emulation to hold, is been one control by the place of honor machine, in order to keep the craft process of the view manifestation whole factory and main parameter value.1. 2 The PLC stand According to wastewater treatment of two part, the spot the long range of the equipments the control output and the spot the signal collect to control a station completion from two PLC wood ground.PLC1 native control station control the space grid, sewage promote a pump house, Pu spirit to sink sand ponds etc. to prepare a processing part.The PLC2 native control station controls dirty mire to dehydrate, press to filter machine etc. department.PLC3 native control station control SBR living creature processing part.Moreover, the on the spot native control station is each to establish an operation terminal to establish each, be responsible for at native to establish each control on the scene.(automatic control, order to move a control) The spot is each the physical parameter that the supervision order and include water level, temperature, discharge and turn soon, electric currents etc. imitate quantity, from to in response to of an appearance spread a feeling machine or change to send to a machine examination to come out and change into the electric current signal of the 420 mA, through shield inside the PLC that the electric cable sends to each statures system, from the PLC picks up a people through various mold piece sample telecommunication number.Same, imitate quantity control the signal send to performance organization by the 420 mA electric current form after being output by the PLC, control performance organization of action. The Modicon Quantum series PLC of Schneider company is satisfy liberal of, according to standard of network conjunction and the spot total line conjunction etc. application the technique provided various network a choice, support Modbus, Mod-bus Plus(MB+), the long range I/0, TCP/IP etc. network conjunction, have stronger and vivid.Therefore, the wastewater treatment is convenient to arrive of the PLC choose the series of Modicon Ouantum of use Schneider.1. 3 Correspondences MB+agreement is the Modicon company release of an open type of the adoption IEEE802. 4 correspond by letter 5 agreements the spot total line of card agreement.MB+the network together other networks compare to have a set of net simple, the investment be little, network speed quick, correspondence the stability strong etc. characteristics, it make calculator, controller and other data sources through an usage double wring line or fiber optic cable Be a body to together carry on correspondence at the whole network top.But the CPU mold piece of the Modicon Quantum series PLC imply MB+correspondence, therefore correspond by letter a network to choose to use MB+network.Medium control two machine, two control stations with native PLC of room to pass MB+the network link together.The PLC CPU mold piece passes MB+correspondence and two machines carry on data commutation and collect the place of honor supervision various operation instruction of the system and the spot the examination signal and data, through analysis handle, pass exportation mold piece to control object output control signal;In the meantime, the PLC passes MB+net upward the machine return to various data, place of honor machine logarithms according to carry on an operation processing, show various signal and print various statement.2 The design of PLC control program The system has four kinds of control methods:The native hand moves a control, single set equipments point moves a control, become a set, the equipments automatically controls, the whole factory equipments full-automatic control.Two kinds of ex- with general methods at establish each adjust to try or maintain usage, the system is mainly circulate with full-automatic control.Under this kind of way, all each kind of equipmentses from PLC according to in advance draw up of procedure auto control, dont need to operate a personnel an intervention.Various spot data spreads a highest machine through a PLC, come out in the place of honor on board description and make the craft, equipments movement of whole factorieses get an overall control. The living creature processing part of the PLC3 station control is the whole wastewater treatment of key part, be limited by space, only with the PLC3 stand of program design for example.2.1 Process of controlThe PLC3 stationses were use to control to get into Pu spirit from sewage, the pond is everywhere sewage run off Pu after manage spirit the whole process of the pond.Include turn of sequence and time- switch moderate breezes machine of control various valve, pump, breeze machine to soon regulate etc. in this process.The Pu spirit pond is the core of wastewater treatment to construct a thing, sewage is to come and go through a microbial living creature oxygenation in the pond in addition to organic matter, the processing effect of content to sewage of the oxygen in water is to go to a pass important.Request according to the SBR craft, the deliquescence oxygen in the Pu spirit pond content usually controls within the scope of 13 mgs/L and annoy a stage end to fuse an oxygen content in the Pu should be not over the 2 mgs/L.Contain the oxygen once measured low or lead Gao, all will influence a fluid matter quantity.Handle 4 sets of the 10 104 t the SBR of 8 pond modes to respond pond to the day, each one responds that the pond go together with a pedestal from change Pin machine control of breeze machine, used for annoying pond Pu spirit to by turn provide oxygen toward two Pus.Establish 4 pieces of deliquescence oxygen test instruments in the different location of each Pu spirit pond, measure contain of sewage amount of oxygen in pond, the PLC separates a 5 mins to examine a deliquescence oxygen in a Pu spirit pond value each time, according to fuse oxygen of average value to control breeze machine to turn soon.If fuse oxygen low limit at the bottom of the enactment, the frequency modulation breeze machine turns to soon increase 5%;If fuse oxygen Gao while set upper limit, the frequency modulation breeze machine turns to soon lower 5%.So, carried out Pu spirit pond to provide automatically regulate of the amount of oxygen, since avoided unnecessary energy loss, again excellent turned movement craft.2. 2 The design of PLC program The adoptive plait distance software is a Concept 2. 2 XLs.Concept is according to under the Windows of the PLC plait distance tool, have good customers interface, and have on-line follow and off-line imitate true function.The control procedure of PLC3 stationses is divided into five procedure mold piece. (1)Public mold pieces of procedure use-include a beginning to start to turn part, hour cent second etc. ask pulse unit, SBR to respond a period enactment, fuse oxygen enactment.etc. (2)Order control mold pieces of the switch quantity -the coordination control report to the police of circulate and related breakdown of equipmentses, such as each valve, pump and breeze machine.etc. The enter of SBR pond spirit valve, enter water valve, reflux pump, surplus dirty mire pump from PLC according to the craft of the wastewater treatment period time segment control, water valve from PLC according to craft time and super voice liquid the measured value of the instrument to control. (3)Protection mold pieces of the off-power-system power failure after, the PLC saves all appearance locks and make after treating to add an electricity PLC instauration keep of the appearance continue to circulate. (4)Mold pieces of correspondences -use to complete PLC and various data transmission of place of honor machine.(5)Fuse an oxygen value to automatically regulate a mold piece-according to fuse an oxygen value to regulate breeze machine to turn soon and report to the police of related breakdown.The target which regulates to turn soon promises the be worth of deliquescence oxygen as 2 mgs/L in the whole Pu spirit period.Adoptive control strategy is as follows:The Pu spirit period beginning, the breeze machine at top speed movement attains a 2 mgs/L in shorterly of the hour ask by making deliquescence oxygen and take 5 mins as a period to examine deliquescence oxygen to be worth in the meantime.When fuse an oxygen value big at the 2 mgs/L, the breeze machine turns to soon descend 5%;When fuse an oxygen value small at the 2 mgs/L, the breeze machine turns to soon rise 5%.If the breeze machine turns to soon rise to allow of tallest turn soon, fuse an oxygen value return small then maintain tallest to turn soon at the 2 mgs/L.This kind of circumstance may annoy the last phase of period to appear in the Pu, but also will not clearly influence wastewater treatment quality.Supervise and control an exportation electric current of change the Pin machine value at any time in the Pu the spirit of the whole period, make it not exceed change the sum of Pin machine settle a value.If meet a surprised circumstance to make to output electric current exceed when the sum settle value, immediately lower breeze machine to turn soon.If the breeze machine turns to soon decline to allow of lowest turn soon, output electric current to return exceed the sum settle a value, then stop breeze machine and send out to report to the police signal in the meantimeAlong with automatic control technical development, the UNITANK craft more and more gets extensively applied.Regard experience as principle currently, use DO, time, discharge as a craft control parameter, adjust the Pu spirit circulate of machine and line up mire the etc. lack accurate mathematics model to carry out the automatic control of higher layer of SBR method for time.Someone once put forward took the COD or the do as parameter of misty control of thought.The research direction of the automatic control of SBR method mainly is to look for several control parameters from now on, since can reflect into water of fluid matter water quantity variety and reaction process in of decline a solution circumstance, and then can do for the calculator control parameter.The PLC gathers in proper order control and process to control at the integral whole and have dependable sex Gao, usage convenience, vivid, set net simple of the characteristics be the emollient tool of the small scale industrial automation in the realization.In the wastewater treatment, according to PLC control system at solid sex, credibility, accurate sex etc. dint a but satisfied a design a request, promised wastewater treatment of smoothly progress.Because of Internet fast development, hope can come to visit to ask wastewater treatment factory through an Internet of from control system, the Internet which needed to input users name and password and then can carry out long range came to carried on a control to the equipments of whole factorieses.Transport the sewage data of wastewater treatment factory to the national environmental protection bureau through an Internet in the meantime city environmental protection bureau perhaps, for the purpose of the Bu class management of section to wastewater treatment factory.基于PLC的控制系統(tǒng)在污水處理中的應用介紹了以PLC為核心的分布式控制系統(tǒng)在污水處理系統(tǒng)中的應用。具體敘述了控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、任務分配及實現(xiàn)、控制方式和程序設計思想.控制系統(tǒng)采用集中監(jiān)測管理、分散控制的方式,上位機負責現(xiàn)場設備的遠程控制和監(jiān)視,軟件采用Intouch7. 0編制。PLC本地站負責對具體的工藝、設備、主要被控參數(shù)進行控制及采集各種運行數(shù)據(jù),程序設計采用具有在線跟蹤和離線仿真功能的Concept 2. 2XL軟件。上位機與PLC之間采用組網(wǎng)簡單、運行速度快、通信穩(wěn)定性強的MB+網(wǎng) 。整個控制系統(tǒng)成功地解決了PLC在污水處理中的自動化控制問題,提高了污水處理設備運行效率和管理水平。近年來,為了實現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量、低消耗、穩(wěn)定可靠的運行。國內(nèi)外許多污水處理廠采用了現(xiàn)代先進控制技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù),從而構(gòu)成計算機監(jiān)督、控制、管理系統(tǒng).使系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化運行。而可編程邏輯控制器(PLC)則是以微處理器為核心。綜合了計算機技術(shù)自動控制技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)而發(fā)展起來的一種新型、通用的自動控制裝置。具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、性能優(yōu)越、可靠性高、靈話通用、易于編程、使用方便等優(yōu)點等。銀川市第一污水處理廠采用了SBR工藝及以PLC為核心的控制系統(tǒng),日處理污水10 x 104 t處理后的達標污水可用于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉。1 控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)控制系統(tǒng)采用“集中監(jiān)測管理,分散控制”的方式。模擬屏、上位機、集線器、打印機位于中控室,二臺PLC位于控制現(xiàn)場。采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)可使生產(chǎn)過程中的信息能夠集中管理,以實現(xiàn)整體操作、管理和優(yōu)化。同時,也使得控制危險分散,提高系統(tǒng)可靠性。1.1上位機 中控室的兩臺上位計算機采用PII級工控機,運行Windows NT操作系統(tǒng)。上位機負責現(xiàn)場設各的遠程控制(全自動控制、自動控制、點動控制)和監(jiān)視,利用Intouch7. 0工程軟件包提供良好的人機對話界而,以查詢方式從PLC獲取有關(guān)參數(shù)和設備狀態(tài)信息,以棒圖形式在CRT上直觀顯示出來,同時打印必要的數(shù)據(jù),供主控及管理人員指導生產(chǎn)。監(jiān)控界而包括系統(tǒng)總圖、系統(tǒng)分圖、模擬量一覽表、參數(shù)設置、報警窗、歷史趨勢、登錄窗等界而.在系統(tǒng)總圖里,運行人員能夠監(jiān)視所有控制設備的運行狀態(tài)、設備事故及液位、流量等信號.在系統(tǒng)分圖里,操作人員能夠?qū)λ锌刂圃O備進行單機點動運行操作、成組自動運行操作或全廠全自動操作并監(jiān)視。同時上位機2兼做編程器.中控室另設置一個鑲嵌式模擬屏,由上位機1控制,用以直觀顯示全廠工藝流程及主要參數(shù)值。1.2 PLC站 根據(jù)污水處理的二部分,現(xiàn)場設備的遠程控制輸出和現(xiàn)場信號采集由二個PLC木地控制站完成。PLC1本地控制站控制格柵、污水提升泵房、曝氣沉砂池等預處理部分。PLC2本地控制站控制污泥脫水、壓濾機等部。PLC3本地控制站控制SBR生物處理部分.另外,在現(xiàn)場本地控制站各設1臺操作終端設各,負責在本地對現(xiàn)場設各的控制(自動控制、點動控制)。 現(xiàn)場各個監(jiān)控點的物理參數(shù),包括水位、溫度、流量、轉(zhuǎn)速、電流等模擬量,由對應的一次儀表傳感器或變送器檢測出來并轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?20 mA電流信號,經(jīng)屏蔽電纜送到各個子系統(tǒng)的PLC內(nèi),由PLC通過各種模塊接口采樣電信號。同樣,模擬量控制信號由PLC輸出后以420mA電流形式送到執(zhí)行機構(gòu),控制執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的動作。 施耐德公司的Modicon Quantum系列PLC為滿足開放的、基于標準的網(wǎng)絡連接和現(xiàn)場總線連接等應用技術(shù)提供了多種網(wǎng)絡選擇,支持Modbus,Mod-bus Plus(MB+),遠程I/0, TCP/IP等網(wǎng)絡連接,具有較強的靈活性。因此,污水處理中用到的PLC選用施耐德的Modicon Ouantum系列。1.3通信 MB+協(xié)議是Modicon公司推出的一個開放式的采用IEEE802. 4令牌協(xié)議的現(xiàn)場總線通信5協(xié)議。MB+網(wǎng)絡同其他網(wǎng)絡相比具有組網(wǎng)簡單、投資少、網(wǎng)絡速度快、通信穩(wěn)定性強等特點,它使計算機、控制器和其他數(shù)據(jù)源通過使用雙絞線或光纜在整個網(wǎng)絡上作為同位體進行通信。而Modicon Quantum系列PLC的CPU模塊含有MB+通信口,因此,通信網(wǎng)絡選用MB+網(wǎng)絡.中控室的兩臺上位機、二個PLC本地控制站通過MB+網(wǎng)絡連接在一起。PLC的CPU模塊通過MB+通信口與兩臺上位機進行數(shù)據(jù)交換,采集上位監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的各種操作指令及現(xiàn)場檢測信號和數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)過分析處理,通過輸出模塊向控制對象輸出控制信號;同時,PLC通過MB+網(wǎng)向上位機返回各種數(shù)據(jù),上位機對數(shù)據(jù)進行運算處理,顯示各種信號和打印各種報表。2 PLC控制程序設計 系統(tǒng)有四種控制方式:本地手動控制,單一臺設備點動控制,成組設備自動控制,全廠設備全自動控制。前二種方式一般只在設各調(diào)試或維修時使用,系統(tǒng)主要以全自動控制方式運行。在這種方式下,所有各類設備都由PLC按照預先編制的程序自動控制,不需要操作人員干預.各種現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)通過PLC傳至上位機,在上位機上描繪出來,使全廠的工藝、設備運行得到全面的控制。 PLC3站控制的生物處理部分是整個污水處理的關(guān)鍵部分,限于篇幅,僅以PLC3站的程序設計為例。2.1控制過程 PLC3站用來控制從污水進入曝氣池到處理后的污水流出曝氣池的整個過程。在這個過程中,包括控制各種閥、泵、風機的順序及定時開關(guān)和風機的轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)等。曝氣池是污水處理的核心構(gòu)筑物,污水在池中是通過微生物的生物氧化作用來去除有機物的,水中氧的含量對污水的處理效果是至關(guān)重要的。根據(jù)SBR工藝要求,曝氣池內(nèi)的溶解氧含量通??刂圃?3 mg/L范圍內(nèi),在曝氣階段末溶解氧含量應不超過2 mg/L.含氧量過低或過高,均會影響出水質(zhì)量。對日處理10 x 104 t的4組8池模式的SBR反應池,每組反應池配一臺由變頻器控制的風機,用于向兩個曝氣池輪流曝氣供氧。在每個曝氣池的不同地點設4塊溶解氧測試儀,測量池中污水的含氧量,PLC每隔5 min檢測一次曝氣池內(nèi)的溶解氧值,根據(jù)溶解氧的平均值來控制風機轉(zhuǎn)速。若溶解氧低于設定下限時,調(diào)頻風機轉(zhuǎn)速增加5 % ;若溶解氧高于設定上限時,調(diào)頻風機轉(zhuǎn)速降低5 %.這樣,就實現(xiàn)了曝氣池供氧量的自動調(diào)節(jié),既避免了不必要的能源損失,又優(yōu)化了運行工藝。2.2 PLC程序設計 采用的編程軟件是Concept 2. 2XL。Concept是基于Windows下的PLC編程工具,具有良好的用戶界面,并具有在線跟蹤及離線仿真功能。PLC3站的控制程序分為五個程序模塊。 (1)公用程序模塊包括初始化部分、時分秒等時問脈沖單元、SBR反應周期設定、溶解氧設定等。 (2)開關(guān)量順序控制模塊協(xié)調(diào)控制各個閥、泵、風機等設備的運行及相關(guān)故障的報警。SBR池的進氣閥、進水閥、回流泵、剩余污泥泵由PLC根據(jù)污水處理周期的工藝時間段控制,出水閥由PLC根據(jù)工藝時間和超聲液位儀的測量值來控制。 (3)斷電保護模塊系統(tǒng)斷電后,PLC將所有狀態(tài)鎖存,待加電后使PLC恢復所保持的狀態(tài)繼續(xù)運行。 (4)通信模塊用來完成PLC與上位機的各種數(shù)據(jù)傳送。(5)溶解氧值自動調(diào)節(jié)模塊根據(jù)溶解氧值調(diào)節(jié)風機轉(zhuǎn)速以及相關(guān)故障的報警。調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速的目標是在整個曝氣周期中,保證溶解氧的值為2 mg/L.采用的控制策略如下:曝氣周期開始,風機以全速運行,以使溶解氧在較短的時問內(nèi)達到2 mg/L,同時以5 min為周期檢測溶解氧值。當溶解氧值大于2mg/L時,風機轉(zhuǎn)速下降5 %;當溶解氧值小于2 mg/L時,風機轉(zhuǎn)速上升5%.如果風機轉(zhuǎn)速升到允
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