中考英語 第二輪 語法考點聚焦 第33講 賓語從句課件.ppt

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第33講 賓語從句,中考對賓語從句考查的重點是引導詞、時態(tài)和語序。,高頻考向一 賓語從句的引導詞 ①賓語從句是陳述句，引導詞用that，在口語中that可以省略。如： We believe (that) he is honest.我們相信他是誠實的。,②如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉換而來，其引導詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當介詞的賓語時，只能用whether。如： I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否將來這兒。 Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.對不起，我不知道他是否會來。,③賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，引導詞就是特殊疑問詞。如： Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告訴我郵局在哪里嗎？ The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問學生他們正在做什么。,【例1】—Look at the stone bridge！Do you know ________ it was built? —In the 1860s.It is quite old.(2016，安徽) A．when B．how C．where D．why 答案：________ 解析：由答語中In the 1860s.可知問句詢問的應該是時間。句意：“看這座石橋！你知道它是什么時候建成的嗎？”“19世紀60年代。它相當古老了?！?A,【例2】 —Do you know ________ Deng Chao is? —He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular reality TV show Running Man.(原創(chuàng)題) A．which B．when C．what D．how 答案：________ 解析：which“哪一個，哪一些”，詢問人或物；when“什么時候”，詢問時間；what“什么”，詢問事物或職業(yè)；how“怎樣，怎么”，詢問方式或感受等。由答語He is an actor.可知問句詢問的是職業(yè)。,C,高頻考向二 賓語從句的時態(tài) 賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是由主句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)來決定的，一般有下面幾種情況： ①主句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時或祈使句時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應的任何時態(tài)。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他說他將讓胡先生給吉姆一些工作。,②主句的時態(tài)為過去時態(tài)時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要用相應的過去的某一時態(tài)。如： She said she missed us very much.她說她非常想念我們。 ③從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時，從句的時態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說太陽比地球大。,【例3】 —Could you tell me ________ the Space Museum? —Sure，next Monday. A．when we visited B．when did we visit C．when we will visit D．when will we visit 答案：________ 解析：由答語next Monday(下周一)可知，賓語從句應用一般將來時態(tài)，故排除A、B兩項；賓語從句應用陳述語序。,C,【例4】 Yesterday the teacher told us the earth ________ the sun.(2016，煙臺) A．goes around B．went around C．is going around D．would go around 答案：________ 解析：結合選項可知句意為“昨天老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉”。本句為含有賓語從句的主從復合句，當從句所表達的內容為客觀真理時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。,A,高頻考向三 賓語從句的語序 1．在含有賓語從句的復合句中，賓語從句要使用陳述語序，即“引導詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他”。如： I want to know when the train left.我想知道火車是什么時候離開的。,【注意】①有些特殊疑問句本身是陳述語序。如： What's wrong with.? Which is the way to.? What happened to you.? What's the matter/trouble.? Who studies the hardest in your class?,②do you think后接賓語從句時，特殊疑問詞即引導詞要前置，do you think作為插入語。如： Who do you think he is talking with？你認為他正在和誰交談？ 2．由do，does，did構成的疑問句，在轉換成賓語從句時，要去掉do，does，did，且從句中的謂語動詞要根據(jù)主句時態(tài)作出相應的變化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. →The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.這個音樂老師想知道他唱得是否很好。,3．如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要把這些詞還原到句中原來的謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應的變化。如： “Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me. →She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她問我明天是否是空閑的。,【例5】 —I wonder ________. —It will fall on a Saturday.(2016，廣東) A．how will National Day fall on this year B．how National Day will fall on this year C．what day will National Day fall on this year D．what day National Day will fall on this year 答案：________ 解析：賓語從句應用陳述語序；結合答語中的“Saturday”可知，空格處問的是“今年的國慶節(jié)是星期幾”。,D,【例6】 —Can you tell me ________ this morning? —Sorry，I've no idea. A．why didn't Daming come to school B．why Daming didn't come to school C．why doesn't Daming come to school D．why Daming doesn't come to school 答案：________ 解析：由this morning可知事情發(fā)生在過去，故排除C、D兩項；賓語從句應用陳述語序。,B,高頻考向四 賓語從句的否定前移 在賓語從句中，當主句的謂語動詞為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等時，如果主句是第一人稱時，從句中表示否定意義的not應移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如： I don't suppose he will come.我猜他不會來。 【注意】如果主句主語不是第一人稱，則不用否定前移。如： She thinks she can't arrive there on time.她認為她不能按時到那兒。,【例7】 翻譯：我認為明天不會下雨。 ______________________________________________________ 高頻考向五 賓語從句的轉化 ①當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide等時，從句可轉化為不定式結構。如： I hope that I can see you again. ＝I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見到你。,I don't think (that) it will rain tomorrow.,②當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且謂語動詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時，從句可轉化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結構。如： I don't know what I should say. ＝I don't know what to say.我不知道該說什么。,③當主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一致時，從句可轉化為“不定式結構”或“疑問詞＋不定式”結構。如： Mr. Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall. ＝Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老師告訴我們不應該在墻上畫畫。 Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps? ＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？你能告訴我在哪兒能買到郵票嗎？,④有些賓語從句可轉化為復合賓語結構，其主句的謂語動詞常為find，think，make等。如： I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait. ＝I think it necessary for us to learn to wait. I find she is a good girl.＝I find her a good girl.,⑤由what引導的賓語從句可轉化為定語從句。如： We did what we could to help you. ＝We did everything (that) we could to help you. Robert saw what Mr. Smith did. ＝Robert saw everything (that) Mr. Smith did.,【例8】 將下列句子改為簡單句。 The teacher told the boy he shouldn't spend too much time playing games. 答案：___________________________________________________ ________________________ 解析：主句的謂語動詞是tell，賓語從句的主語是主句的間接賓語，故從句可簡化為不定式結構：tell sb. not to do sth.。,The teacher told the boy not to spend too much time playing games.,