2019-2020年高中英語 Unit19 LANGUAGE單詞.典句.考點 北師大版選修6.doc
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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit19 LANGUAGE單詞.典句.考點 北師大版選修6 1. attain vt. 達到;獲得 巧記提示 attain(獲得)→gain (贏得) 經(jīng)典例句 We attained the top of the mountain after three hours’ climbing. 我們經(jīng)過了三個小時的爬山,終于到達山頂。 Leo Ioacoco attained the position of President of the Ford Motors. 李雅科卡終于當上了福特汽車公司的總裁。 考點聚焦 1) 同義詞: reach到達 2)attain vt. 達到某個目標。如: They are not likely to attain this aim. 他們未必能達到這一目標。 3)attain vi. 達到某個齡,與to連用。如: We have attained to the age of 18. 我們已經(jīng)到18歲的齡了。 活學活用 1. 漢譯英: 他們最后達到了目的。 ________________________________ 答案:They finally attained their goal. 2. adequateadj. 足夠的,充分的 經(jīng)典例句 Adequate exercise can prevent acute epidemic influenza. 適當?shù)腻憻捘軌蝾A防流行性感冒。 考點聚焦 1)同義詞:enough adj. 足夠的, 充足的 2)反義詞:inadequate adj. 不充分的, 不適當?shù)? 3)派生詞: adequately adv. 充分地 adequacy n. 適當, 足夠 4) 注意adequate常跟介詞for連用。如: An adequate water supply for city people is already a major problem. 給城市供應充足的水源已成為一個主要問題。 The schoolyard is small but adequate for 100 children playing at the same time. 雖說校園小,但足夠100個孩子同時玩。 活學活用2. 單句改錯: She proved adequately to the job. _____________________________________ 答案:adequately改為adequate 3. ensurevt. 確保, 保證 巧記提示 en-(動詞前綴,使……)+sure (確信的) 經(jīng)典例句 We can ensure that the work shall be done well in the right way. 我們保證用正確的方法把工作做好。 I fitted a new lock to ensure that the bicycle would not be stolen. 我裝了一把新鎖以保證自行車不被偷。 考點聚焦 1)ensure vt. 確保, 保證,后接that從句、動名詞。如: I can’t ensure his being there on time. 我不能保證他準時到那兒。 I can’t ensure that he will be there on time. 我不能擔保他會準時到那兒。 2) ensure sb. from/against sth. 保護某人免受…… These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents. 這些是為了保護工人不出事故的安全設施。 3)記住短語: ensure success 保證成功 ensure sb. against/from danger 保護某人免受危險 活學活用3. 單項選擇: If you want to ______________that you get the diploma(文憑), you have to work harder. A. are sure B. surely C. sure D. ensure 答案:D 4. accelerate vt. 加速 經(jīng)典例句 The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car. 司機加大油門, 讓汽車加速行駛。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: acceleration n. 加速,加速度; accelerated adj. 加速的 2)同義詞: speed up 3)accelerate vt. 加速, 促進, 常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如: The bad weather accelerated our departure. 糟糕的天氣促使我們早日離開。 4)accelerate vi. 加速。如: The car suddenly accelerated. 汽車突然加快了速度。 5)相關短語: have good acceleration 很好的加速性能。 活學活用4. 單項選擇: The runners ______________smoothly around the bend. A. accelerated B. fasted C. at speed D. quickly 答案:A 5. enlargevt. 擴大 巧記提示 en-(使成) + large(大的) 經(jīng)典例句 This photograph is a bit too old and probably won’t be enlarged well. 這張照片太老了些,放大了很可能不好。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: enlargement n. 放大;enlarger n. 擴大者, 增補者 2)同義詞: increase vt. 增加 3)反義詞: decrease v. 減少 4)enlarge vt. 擴大。如: We’re enlarging the production scale to produce more and better puters. 我們在擴充生產(chǎn)規(guī)模以便生產(chǎn)出更多更好的計算機。 5)enlarge on/upon進一步詳述, 常接plan, suggestion, idea等詞。如: Could you enlarge upon your suggestion? 你能不能詳細談談你的建議? 6)常見詞組 enlarge a photo放大照片 enlarge one’s house擴建房屋 enlarge one’s views開闊眼界, 增長知識 活學活用5. 漢譯英: 1)增建的房間使房屋擴大了。 _____________________________ 2)我請攝影師把那張照片放大。 ______________________________ 答案:1)The house was enlarged with a new room. 2)I asked the photographer to enlarge the picture. 6. guarantee vt. 保證 經(jīng)典例句 We can’t guarantee that our flights will never be delayed. 我們不能保證我們的所有航班均不會誤點。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: guarantor n. 擔保人;保證人 2)guarantee vt. 擔保;保證,是及物動詞,常接表示高興、滿意的名詞作賓語。 As parents, they must guarantee that their child should be safe while crossing the streets. 作為父母,必須擔保他們的孩子行走在大街上時的安全。 3)guarantee vt. 約定;許諾,常接動名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。 My watch is guaranteed for one year. 我的手表保修一。 4)常見搭配: guarantee sth. against sth. 提供保修 be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定會;必定會 活學活用6. 單項選擇: Perfect satisfaction ______________our customers. A. guarantees B. is guaranteed to C. guaranteed D. guarantees to 答案:B 7. adjust vt. 調(diào)節(jié);調(diào)整 巧記提示 ad-(前綴)+just(恰當,正好) 經(jīng)典例句 He soon adjusted himself to army life. 他很快就適應了軍旅生活。 I must adjust my watch because it’s fast. 我的表快了, 我得把它校準。 考點聚焦 1)adjust vt. 調(diào)節(jié);調(diào)整,常接鐘表等計時器的名詞作賓語。 2)adjust vt. 使適合,常接反身代詞作賓語, adjust oneself to. . . 使自己適應…… 3)adjust vi. 適應,常接介詞to,后接表示適應環(huán)境的名詞作賓語。如: Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航員在飛行中得適應失重狀態(tài)。 活學活用7. 單項選擇: He ______________himself very quickly to the heat of the country. A. thrilled B. folded C. surrounded D. adjusted 答案:D 8. inform vt. 告知;通知 巧記提示 in(在……里)+form(構成) 經(jīng)典例句 Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有變動請隨時通知我們。 The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time. 銷售部經(jīng)理讓他手下的人把關于銷售的情況及時報告他。 考點聚焦 1)同義詞:municate v. 溝通, 通信 2)派生詞:informer n. 密告者, 控告的人, 通知的人;information n.通知, 報告, 消息 3)形近詞:informal adj. 非正式的, 非正規(guī)的 4)inform vt. 告知;通知,常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如: The headmistress informed us that the school would be closed for one day next week. 女校長告訴我們下星期學校將停一天課。 He informed her he was thinking of entering medical school. 他告訴她他想進醫(yī)學院。 5)相關短語: be well informed about sth. 精通某事,對某事消息靈通 be informed of 聽說,接到……的通知 be rightly /wrongly informed 得到正確的/錯誤的情報 keep myself informed 隨時向我報告情況 inform against /on/upon sb. 告發(fā)某人, 檢舉某人 6)information是不可數(shù)名詞,表示“一條消息”時要說a piece of information。 活學活用8. 單項選擇: 1)David apologized for his not being able______________ me of the change in the plan. A. informing B. form C. to inform D. to form 2) He sent me an e-mail to give me ______________that the book contains much useful information. A. information B. a news C. an information D. informations 答案: 1) C 2)A 9. dedicatedadj. 專心致志的 巧記提示 dedicate(vt. 獻身) + -ed(形容詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句 Mr. Wang is dedicated to teaching English. 王老師專心于英語教學。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: dedication n. 貢獻, 奉獻; dedicatee n.受奉獻者(尤指書籍的受奉獻者); dedicative adj. 貢獻的, 獻納的 2)dedicate . . . to獻身于 He dedicated his life to the service of his country. 他獻身于為國服務。 He dedicated his first book to his mother. 他把第一本書獻給他母親。 3) be dedicated to. . . 獻身于……注意to是介詞,后接名詞或動名詞。如: My sister was dedicated to teaching mother tongue. 我姐姐獻身于母語教學。 4)dedicate . . . to sb. 把(錢、物品、作品)奉獻給某人。如: The old scientist dedicated his money to scientific research. 這位老科學家把他的錢用于科學研究。 活學活用9. 單項選擇: We ______________starting our own business on May 1st. A. were dedicated ourselves to B. dedicated C. dedicated ourselves to D. dedicated to 答案:C 10. congratulate vt. 祝賀 經(jīng)典例句 I want to congratulate you with all my heart. 我衷心地慶賀你。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: congratulation n. 祝詞, 賀辭; congratulator n. 祝賀者, 慶賀者 2) congratulate vt. 祝賀, 恭喜,向……致祝詞,常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事祝賀某人。如: We congratulated her on passing the exam. 我們祝賀她通過了考試。 3)congratulate vt. 慶幸自己,常接反身代詞作賓語。congratulate oneself on慶幸自己。如:He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash. 他慶幸自己在空難中幸免于死。 4)congratulation n. 祝賀;祝詞;賀辭, 常用復數(shù)形式。常與on連用。如: We offer our congratulations on her success. 我們對她的成功表示祝賀。 5)辨析:congratulate和celebrate congratulate的賓語是人而不是物。 celebrate 慶祝;慶賀,其賓語是新、生日、結婚紀念日、成功、勝利等名詞。 We celebrated the New Year with a dance party. 我們舉行跳舞晚會慶祝新。 活學活用10. 漢譯英: 我祝賀你喜獲千金。 _________________________________ 答案:Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter. 11. unconsciousadj. 不知不覺的,無意的 巧記提示 un-(否定前綴)+conscious(adj. 有意識的) 經(jīng)典例句 After she hit her head she was unconscious for several minutes. 她把頭碰了一下后昏迷了幾分鐘。 I made an unconscious mistake when I was speaking English. 當我在說英語的時候,無意犯了個錯誤。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:unconsciously adv. 無意中, 不知不覺;unconsciousness n.無意識, 意識不清 2)同義詞: unaware adj. 不知道的, 沒覺察到的 3)unconscious adj. 不知不覺的,無意的,修飾人或事物。如: She remained unconscious for several hours. 她不省人事有好幾個小時。 He was unconscious of his mistake. 他沒意識到自己的錯誤. I was unconscious of her presence. 我不知道她在場。 活學活用11. 單項選擇: —What made you so angry? —______________movements. A. The boy unconsciously B. The boy unconsciousness C. The boy was unconscious D. The boy’s unconscious 答案:D 12. resemblevt. 像;與……相似 巧記提示 re-(又,再)+sembler(相似) 經(jīng)典例句 He strongly resembles his teacher in speaking English. 在說英語方面,他酷似他的老師。 She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks. 她說話時打手勢的動作像她媽媽。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:resemblance n. 相似之處; resembling adj. 相似的, 模仿的 2)resemble vt. 像;與……類似,后面常接表示人的詞語。如: She was not quiet; she did not resemble her sister. 她不安靜;她不像她的姐姐。 3)resemblance n.相似, 常與to, between, of連用,bear /show a resemblance to與……相像。 活學活用12. 單項選擇: There is ______________between the two brothers. A. resemblanced B. resembling C. strong resemblance D. a strong resemblance 答案:D 13. transparentadj. 清晰易辨的;透明的 經(jīng)典例句 The students don’t want their windows transparent. 學生們不想使得他們的窗戶透明。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: transparency n. 透明, 透明度; transparentize vt. 使透明;transparently adv. 明亮地, 顯然地 2)transparent adj. 清晰易辨的;透明的。如: The boy doesn’t like to wear transparent clothes. 這個男孩不喜歡穿透明的衣服。 3)transparent adj. 顯而易見的;一目了然的,常接that從句。如: It was transparent that her pride was hurt. 很顯然, 她的自尊心受到了傷害。 4) transparent adj. 坦率的, 光明正大的。如: He is a boy of transparent honesty. 他是一個非常誠實的孩子。 5) transparent adj. 易懂的, 明晰的。如: I like her transparent style of writing. 我喜歡她明晰的文體。 活學活用13. 漢譯英: 玻璃是一種透明物。 __________________________________ 答案:Glass is a transparent material. 14. merelyadv只;僅僅 巧記提示 mere(僅僅的)+-ly(副詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句 They are not merely content to fill the stomach. 他們不僅僅滿足于填飽肚子。 考點聚焦 1)同義詞:only adj. 僅僅 2)merely adv. 僅僅地, 只不過。如: This is merely the beginning. 這僅僅是個開頭。 I merely asked his name. 我只不過問問他的名字。 3)not merely . . . but also. . . 不僅……而且……=not only. . . but also. . . He not merely speaks English frequently but also writes good positions. 他不但英語說得流利,而且他的作文寫得很好。 活學活用14. 單項選擇: He is ___________a child. You don’t have to be angry. He __________wanted to say the truth. A. merely;merely B. mere;only C. only;mere D. mere;merely 答案:A 15. purchasevt. 購買 經(jīng)典例句 Please ensure that you purchase your ticket in advance. 請您務必提前購票。 考點聚焦 1)同義詞:buy 買 2)反義詞:sell 賣 3) purchase vt. 購買,常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。 4)purchase n. 作“購買;購置”講時,是不可數(shù)名詞。如: They spent some money for the purchase of new recorders. 他們花了一些錢購買新的錄音機。 5)purchase n. 作“支點”講時,是可數(shù)名詞。如: The climber tried to gain a purchase with his feet on a narrow edge of rock. 爬山者盡量在巖石狹窄的邊緣找落腳處。 6)常用短語: make a purchase采購 proof of purchase購物憑證 purchase sth. from sb. 從某人那里買到某物 for the purchase of為了購買 get a purchase on緊緊抓住 活學活用15. 根據(jù)句意填詞: 1)She said that such equipment could be ______________from your local supplier. 2)He got a ______________on a branch until we came to his rescue. 3)The new couple spent some money for the ______________of the furniture necessary for their new house. 答案: 1)purchased 2)purchase 3)purchase 16. negotiate vt. 談判;協(xié)商 經(jīng)典例句 The rent is a matter for negotiation between the landlord and the tenant. 租金可以由房東和住戶協(xié)商確定。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:negotiator n.談判代表,negotiatory adj.協(xié)商的, 交涉的; negotiation n. 商議, 談判, 流通 2)近義詞:arrange vt. 安排,協(xié)商 3)negotiate作“談判”講時,是及物動詞, 常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如:negotiate for peace 講和;negotiate with sb. about sth. 與某人協(xié)商某事。 4)negotiation n.作“談判,協(xié)商,商談”講時,是可數(shù)名詞,常用作復數(shù)形式。常用于下列短語:be in negotiations with sb. over sth. 與某人協(xié)商某事 break off negotiations中斷談判 carry on negotiations繼續(xù)交涉 enter into a negotiation with sb. 開始與某人進行談判 活學活用16. 改錯: Peace negotiation are still going on. ________________________________ 答案:negotiation→ negotiations 17. registervt. 登記 經(jīng)典例句 Tom went to the city hall to register the birth of his son. 湯姆去市政廳為他兒子作出生登記。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:register n. 記錄;名單; registered adj. 已注冊的, 已登記的, 記名的 2)同義詞: record vt. 記錄 3)register vt. 登記 4)固定搭配register sth. in one’s memory把某事記在心里 5)register vt. 流露;表達, 顯示。如: His face registered both surprise and joy. 他臉上流露出驚喜交集的表情。 6)register vt. 指示;記錄。如: The thermometer registered 70 degrees. 溫度計顯示七十度。 活學活用17. 漢譯英: 這位老師保留了一份孩子們的名冊。 ________________________________ 答案:The teacher kept a register of the names of the children. 18. fasten vt. 束緊 巧記提示 fast(快的)+-en(動詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句 The plane is starting. Fasten your seat belts, please! 飛機要起飛了,請系上安全帶! 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: fastener n. 紐扣, 按鈕 2)同義詞: tie vt. 打結,系 3)反義詞: loosen vt. 松開 4)fasten vt. 束緊。如: The boy didn’t fasten the door of the garden. 這個男孩沒有把花園門閂上。 5)fasten vt. 使固定。如: It’s not polite to fasten your eyes on others. 盯住別人看是不禮貌的。 You should fasten your attention upon the problem. 你應該把注意力集中在這個問題上。 Don’t fasten the responsibility on him. 不要把責任推到他身上。 6)常見短語: fasten down 確定 fasten in 裝進 fasten off 打個結 fasten on 抓住, 握緊 fasten oneself upon /on 纏住不放 fasten up 關緊;堅持 活學活用18. 單項選擇: The little boy has learnt ______________shoelaces. A. faster B. to fasten C. fasten D. fast 答案: B 19. embarrass vt. 使困窘 經(jīng)典例句 I was embarrassed because I had no idea. 我因為沒有主意而不知如何是好。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:embarrassingly adv. 窘迫地;embarrassment n. 窘迫 2)同義詞:shame vt. 使感到羞愧 3)embarrass vt. 使困窘, 常用于被動語態(tài)。如: He was embarrassed by debts. 他因債務而局促不安。 Embarrassed by his heavy luggage, he could not walk fast. 由于受到笨重行李的拖累, 他走不快。 活學活用19. 單項選擇: When I began to sing, he laughed and made me ______________. A. embarrassed B. embarrass C. embarrassing D. to embarrass 答案:A 20. punctual adj. 準時的;守時的 經(jīng)典例句 She is always punctual, but her friend Mary is always late. 她總是很守時,可是她的朋友瑪麗總是遲到。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:punctuality n. 嚴守時刻, 準時;punctually adv. 準時地 2)punctual adj. 準時的;守時的,主語常常是人。如: You should be punctual for the class. 你應該準時去上課。 He is always punctual in answering letters. 他總是按期回信。- 配套講稿:
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