2019-2020年高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第一講 時(shí)態(tài)講練.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第一講 時(shí)態(tài)講練 語法精講 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：①經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作②現(xiàn)在的特征狀態(tài)③普遍真理，客觀存在，諺語格言，新聞標(biāo)題，介紹說明，人物、作品評(píng)價(jià)等．④現(xiàn)在瞬間（多用于體育報(bào)道） 1) He is always ready to help others. 2) It never snows in Guangzhou. 3）The teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 4) Here es the bus. ⑤表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的情況（句中常有表未來的時(shí)間狀語）即按時(shí)刻表規(guī)定或難于改變，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞begin, e, leave , go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。 eg. The train leaves at 10 a.m. School begins next Monday. ⑥在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。 eg. He will e to see you before he leaves China. 注意：有時(shí)從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will，不是指將來，而是一種意愿或客套話。 eg. If you will wait (=please wait ) a moment, I’ll go and tell the manager that you are here. ⑦表示狀態(tài)、感覺、感情、從屬、心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如be, exist, remain, stay, obtain; hear, see, seem, appear, smell(聞起來)，taste, look, sound, feel; love, like, hate, hope, prefer, refuse, want, wish ; belong to, contain, have, own, form; believe, doubt, know, remember, think等常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 eg. 1) You see what I mean? 2) I want a book. 3) I think you are right. 2．一般過去時(shí)： 1）表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，存在的狀態(tài)（包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）；2）在談到死者的情況時(shí)；3）表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用used to 或would 4) 虛擬語氣中。 eg. As we all know, Lu Xun was a great writer. It’s high time that I went. I’d rather you stayed here. If I were you, I wouldn’t go. He used to catch fish in the river, but he doesn’t now. (過去常做，暗含現(xiàn)在不做了) The old man would sit under the tree for several hours. (過去常做) 3．一般將來時(shí)：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。構(gòu)成： (1) will(shall)+do/be 意圖，想要做（事先未考慮） (2) be going to +do/be ：計(jì)劃好打算做; 某事即將發(fā)生。 (3) be about to +do，（when 從句） ：正要做某事，（這時(shí)某事發(fā)生了）。 (4) be to +do/be： 約定好/決定了一定要做或要發(fā)生的事。 (5)e, go, arrive, leave, move, start等動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。 eg. Mum is ing back form Beijing; I will be meeting her at the station this afternoon. 過去將來時(shí)：should + 動(dòng)詞原形（第一人稱）；would +動(dòng)詞原形, 等。 4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： It smells terrible；I think something is burning.（現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作） I’m just helping out before the new secretary es here.（現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行） The naughty boy is being quite quiet today.(表示一時(shí)的狀態(tài)) We are meeting him after that. (計(jì)劃安排將來的動(dòng)作) We are wondering if you can lend us a hand. (委婉語氣) I was hoping you’d e back soon. (委婉語氣) Mum is always plaining about my studies.（感情色彩） The bridge is under construction/repair. 5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： ①動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響（句中無具體時(shí)間狀語） eg. He has gone to the United States. He has been to the USA twice. ②動(dòng)作始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常用時(shí)間狀語如for a while, since, so far, now, today, this week/month等。 eg. He has studied for 5 years. He has studied since 1995. Now I have finished my work. ③用于時(shí)間或條件狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先完成： I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park. ④短暫性動(dòng)詞如e, go, die, marry, buy, join等的完成時(shí)在肯定句中不能與一段 時(shí)間連用，但否定句可以。 “他參軍3年了”：He joined the army in xx.→It is three years since he joined the army.→He has been in the army for three years.→He has served in the army for three years. →He has been an army man for three years. He hasn’t e back home for three years. 區(qū)別：It is two months since he fell ill.(短暫性動(dòng)詞。他病了兩個(gè)月了。) It is two months since he was ill.(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。他病愈已有兩個(gè)月了。) 6．過去完成時(shí)：“過去的過去”；句中常用by then, by the end of last year, before, when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。 7．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：某一動(dòng)作從過去開始，一直進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，可能已經(jīng)完成；也可能繼續(xù)下去。 eg. --Sorry to have e late. –-I haven’t been waiting long.( 可能已完成) We have been studying English for almost six years.( 可能未完成)